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Falmouth & Penryn Weekly Times and General Advertiser

23/11/1872

Printer / Publisher: Fred. H. Earle 
Volume Number:     Issue Number: 595
No Pages: 8
 
 
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Falmouth & Penryn Weekly Times and General Advertiser

Date of Article: 23/11/1872
Printer / Publisher: Fred. H. Earle 
Address: On the Quay, Falmouth
Volume Number:     Issue Number: 595
No Pages: 8
Sourced from Dealer? No
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I mirs • AND GENERAL ADVERTISER. PUBLISHED, EVERY SATURDAY MORNING, BY FRED. H. EARLE, OFFICES ON THE QUAY, FALMOUTH. NUMBER 595. 3N ABROAD. FALMOUTH: SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 23, 1872. PRICE ONE PENNY. try Infta, THIS DAY. SATDEDAT, NOV. 23, at Half- put 2 o'clock. For the Benefit of the Concerned. MB. CORF] ELD will SELL hr PUBLIC AUCTION, wifhont respite, at the North Quay, Falmouth, in convenient lota, the residue of a Cargo of / Prime French Potatoes, Estimated about 40 tons, including a small lot of choice Kidneys. Further particulars obtained < a application to WM. BROAD AJ ID SONS, ' Lloyd's Age: ts, Falmouth. Dated Nov. 18th, 1872. TUESDAY, 3rd of Decern! ir, at 2 p. m. BONTTSON, Pariah of CTJI Y, within 41 miles of the Town of Helston. MB. COBFIELD will SELll by PUBLIC AUCTION, at the Bartoi of Bonython, on the above day, in consequence of the incom- ing tenant ( Mr. Williams) not/ accepting the undermentioned, viz., about 8 acres of Drime KOHL Hi BI, or Turnip- rooted Cabbage 4 acres of Swede and Pasture ' : URNIPS, Ex- cellent Crops, in conveniei t lots 1 rick of very prime old pen lanent pasture- age HAY, from the hi wn, beautifully saved 1 other ditto, of an unusual q lality. Also, a very neat and well m ide Greenhouse 22 feet long by 10£ feet w . de, replete with all necessary fittings, and n good condition Further paflSiAiJaite obtaine I at the Offices of the . \ yAOtCTIOIfEEB, Falmouth Dated Nov. VRtIi,\ r2. AlCTIOIfl pvenryII lolly Modern Buif P> E N R Y N. A Substantially 5uif Dwelling Howe, admirably adapted for an Inn ' or Refreshment Souse, situate near the Railway Station, vrith immediate possession, for Sale. ,. CORFIELD will/ sELL by PUBLIC AUCTION, under a/ power of sale con- tained in a Mortgage, at; Powell's King's Arms Hotel, on Tuesday, 10th December next ( imme- jdiately after the Sale of / the Freehold Houses n Union terrace), all that newly- erected Freehold ( Premises Situate, lying, and beinfc in Helston Road, in the borough of Penryn/ late in the occupation of Mr. J Martin. The Property, by expending a triflinp outlay offers to a Capitalist! a rare opportunitypf securing a safe and [ profitable investment in the most thriving and improvable part of the town of Penryn. To view apply to Vf. HODGE, St. Thomas's 8treet, Penryn. All further particulars had on application to the AUCTIONEER/ or to Mr. / JOHN WILLIAMS, Solicitor, Penryn. Dated Falmouth, Nov. 18th, 1872. P B N R Y N. TUBSDA Y, December 10</ » , at Three p. n MR. CORFIELD has received instructions to submit/ to PUBLIC AUCTION, at Powell's King's/ Arms Hotel, Penryn, on the above day, subifcet to the conditions to be then read, in the following or such other lots as may be agreed on bl the time of sale, the following very desirable/ Freehold Properties LOT 1.— All that substantially and well built Messuage or Dwelling House, with the paved Courtage and Outbuildings at | the back belonging thereto, situate, lying and bein< j in Union Terrace, in the aforesaid Borough of Penryn, late and for many years in the occupa- tion of M|. John Searle, deceased. LOT a— All that Messuage or Dwelling House adjoining, with the Courtlage and Appurtenances thereto belonging, now in the occupation of Mr. Hellings. . . . LOT | B.— All those five other Messuages Tenements, or Dwelling Houses, with the Premises thereto belonging, now in the several occupations of Messrs. Jose, Boswarthick, Bunny, and others. LOTI 4.— All that very productive Orchard and Frtiit Garden, situate, lying and being contiguous to the preceding lots, approached by a doorway at the west end of the said pro-, perties. F now in the occupation of Mr. John K ing Nicholls, whose tenuro . expires . on the 26th December, 1872. On view any time prior to the sale, by apply- in gto Mr. Poad, Helston Road, or to Mr. J. Gul, Market Street, the executors. For/ further particulars and all other informa- tion a] fply at the Offices of the AccnoireM, Falmouth, or to Mr. G. A. JENKINS, , Solicitor, Penryn. Pate^ l Falmouth, NOT. 19th, 1872. Clearance Sale of a Stock- ii- Trade of First- class Wines, Spirits, & c., In Bond and Duty MB. COHFIELD will Sf/. L by PUBLIC AUCTION, at the BolyMohnic Hall, Falmooth, on Tuesday, the lwh day of Dec.. 1872, at noon, the remaining portion of the valuable and extensive Stoc* of Wiues, Spirits, & c., Of Signor G. B. Zupp/ lli, Arwenack Street, Falmouth, C< JJJ » rising at/ out 140 dozen of^ PaiiNjol^ on, and Brown Sherry and - uaAira 50 dozen ACfirfe old Poat 170 cases of \ ognac Brandy Each Case 40 cases of Cnampafne > contains 25 cases of Hollands j Twelve Bottles. 80t ( 2- gallpn) Jars of old Brown and Pale " Cognac Brikndy, Whiskey, Rum, Plymouth GRn, & c. And a variety of / mall parcels of classed . mis- cellaneous Wines and Spirits. Also about 50 iqzea of Allsopp's Ales— quarts. The Auctioneer begs to observe, this being the final sale, he can recommend the above to the public wfth confidence, the entire stock being of a sunerior quality. lamples at the time of Sale. Detailed minted Catalogues ready four dayB trior to theyAuction, and may be had with all further particulars at the Offices of the AUCTIONEER, Falmonth. Dated Auction Offices, Nov. 22, 1872. To Engine Fitters. FITERS wanted, at Huxhams and Brown's Foundry, Exeter. inj fuctim No. 6, Minnie Place, Falmonth. EXCELLENT Freehold Dwelling House FOR SA MR. ROBERTS will/ SELL by PUBLIC AUCTION, A the Dolphin Hotel, Falmouth, < fn Monday, the 2nd day of December next, at Seven r o'clock in Jhe evening ( subject to tions of Sale as may bo lUcecy), the Fee- simple and pee of and in all that VillV Residence, ! No. 6, Minnie Place, Fal- mouth, together with the Garden Plotfin front thereof. The House/ has beeft— built within the last five years, and contains Six Rooms and a w. o. The Premises are in good repair and command extensive vioftvs of Falmouth Harbour, Carrick Roads, and the Bay. Further / information may be obtained on application/ to Mb. WM. JENKINS, Solicitor, Falmouth, Or to the AUCTIONEER, at his Office, Arwenack Street, Falmouth. Dated Falmouth, 21st Nov., 1872. The SCOTTISH EQUITABLE LIFE ASSUKANCE SOCIETY. Established in 1331. POSITION OF THE SOCIETY at 1st Mar., ' 872. Existing Assurances, including Sonus . _ Additions £ 6,892,581 Annual Revenue— From Premiums .......£ 180,831 From Interest 79,534 260,365 Accumulated Fund 1,952,711 The- Funds ^ ire invested in first- clasa securi- ties. The particulars of the Investments and the Balance Sheet will be found in last report. NEW BUSINESS, 1872. New Assurances, effected during the year ... £ 376, 588 Annual Premiums thereon... 11,576 The Scottish Equitable being a Mutual Office, the Policy- holders receive the WHOLE profits ; at the same time they are expressly FBEBD FBOM PEBSONAL LIABILITY. The Profits are divided every Five Years, and are allocated not only on the sums original- ly assured, but also on the previously vested Bonus Additions. Bonuses are also paid for - he period between the date of the last division and the date of death. , TOTAL TESTED ADDITIONS TO POLICIES. £ 1,706,164. A Policy for £ 1000 effected in 1832 now ^ ' amounts to . £ 1909 18 3 A Policy for £ 1000 effected in 1837 now amounts to 174115 2 And proportionately in subsequent years. NEXT DIVISION OF PROFITS, 1st OF MARCH, 1873. Repo rts, Proposals and every information maybe obtained at the Head Office, or any of the Agencies. " GEORGE TODD, Manager. WILLIAM FINLAY, Secretary Head Office— 26, St. Andrew Sq., Edinburgh. AGEKTS :— Falmouth— W. Phillips, West Cornwall Bank. Co » i6orn< r^- J. H. Budge, merchant. HfUfoTr^- Kjflp'h Michel! and 8ort, draper. Redruth— Edwin Cock and Son, merchants. St. Kevernc- rGeoree Appleton, surgeon. Tregong— Charles J. Bennetts, surgeon. fuiiw gtato. The BRITANNIA Lock Stitch 1EE FITTED WITH New and Important Improvements, AND ABE THOROUGHLY GOOD IN PRINCIPLE AND WORKMANSHIP. trPRfCES 7ERY MODERATE. - s » AGENT NATHANIEL FOX, IRONMONGER, FALMOUTH. NOW LANDING, I At the Stores, North Quay, Falmouth, J EX SHIP " JEUNE EMILE," CAPT. PINTO, A CARGO OP SUPERIOR BELGIAN POTATOES WHITE, first quality BLUE, ONIONS, prime quality £ 5 0s. per Ton. £ 5 15s. £ 4 0s. APPLY TO Messrs. YAK WEENEIM AND CO., Falmouth. N. B.— ANY QUANTITY LESS THAN FIVE CWT. WILL BE CHARGED AT SIX SHILLINGS PER CWT . LAMPS. GAS FITTINGS. STOVES. SLADE~ OLYEB, Furnishing and General Ironmonger, Cutler, Gas Fitter, Plnmber and Manufacturer, Strand, Falmouth, Has received a new assortment of Lamps, Gas Fittings, & c., & o., direct from the manufacturers and offers to the public the largest stock and greatest variety of Ranges, Grates. Stoves, Fenders, Fire Irons, Trays, Tea Urns, Beds, Mats, Brushes, Maps, Umbrella Stands, Warranted Pocket and Table Cutlery. Agent for " Weir's " 55a. Sewing Machine, Best Electro Silver Spoons, Forks, Tea and Coffee Services, Cruets, Cake Baskets, Biscuit Boxes, Dessert Knives, & c. Washing and Mangling Machines, Coal Scoops, Coal Sifters, Fire Balls, Fire Baskets, Fire Lighters, a large assortment of Coal Vases very Cheap, Colza and other Oils, Cazeline Paraffin, & c. Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Colours, and general Stores. Pumps, Closets, and all kinds of Repairs executed STEPHENS & SIDDONS, PHOTOGRAPHERS, 42, HIGH STREET, FALMOUTH. Likenesses from the smallest to the largest size, plain and finished in Crayon, Water or Oil Dolor, Landscapes Mansions. Ships, Sea Views, and Groups, WORKS OP ART COPIED. Mr. STEPHENS had the honor of being the first person to take the likeness of any member of a Royal Family by the Photographic process ; First Class Silver and Bronze Medals have been awarded him by the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, he being the only Medallist for Cartes de Visite taken in the County, Mr. SIDDONS has also claims in the production of the Negatives aad Enlargements for which'the only Medal has been awarded by that Society for that olass of Photographic Work. G L ENFIELD If there are any ladies who have not yet used the GLENFIELP STARCH they are respectfullysolicited to give it a trial, and carefiilly follow out the directions printed pn every package, and if this is done,' ; , • They will say, like the Queen's Laundress, It is the finest Starch tfyey ever used. When you ask for Glenfield Starch see that you get it, As inferior kinds are . often substituted for the sake of extra profits. Beware therefore of spurious imitations. Part of a House to Let. TO BE LET, with immediate possession, a PART OF A HOUSE- ( consisting of a Floor of Three " Rooms ), in Lansdowne Road ( lately called Obe& fc, Road), JWmouih. The House is healthilg antf T> feas* ntly flStirit; ted in close proximity to the Quay, Docks, and Railway. Apply at the Offices of this Paper- Shipowners, Merchants, Etc., Trading either to and from LONDON AND FOREIGN PARTS. AGENTLEMAN, aged 24, energetic and of business habits, is open to act as LONDON AGENT to the above. Passengers booked, Goods received and forwarded, and other Business carried through. Excellent references. Address: Mr. Pontifex, Poste Restante, Commercial Road, Landport, Hants. Try MARTIN'S NEW SEASON'S FINEST QUALITY, 2B. 6d. per . Pound. The PEOPLff^ Oioter, kt., Luwet Market St., and West St, P E N B Y N . © etttral, - The House for Tea. THE fcnnpowiler Tea Warehouse. REGISTERED TRADE MARK Black Green or Mixed the Finest Spring Crop. J. If. HEAD, Tea Dealer & Grocer, Hiffh Street, Falmouth. Are you troubled with a Cough ? friHEN loao no timo in applying for JL S0L0A10N5S Pectoral Cough Mixture, Which is ono of the best preparations sold for the cure of Coughs, Colds, Influenza, Shortness of Breath, & c., and for the relief of Asthma and Bronchitis. It is adapted for persons of all ages, and sold in Bottles, at 7ja., Is. IJd., and 2s. 9d. each. The middle- size Bottle is generally suffi- cient to cure an ordinary Cough, or give abundant satisfaction in more extromo cases. Prepared only by W. II. SOLOMON, Dispensing Chemist, 40, Market Street, Falmouth. BEN SON'S Watches, Clocks, Gold Jewellery. SILVER AND ELECTRO- PLATE. By Special Appoint- ment to H. R. H. the Prince of Wain. Peize MEDAM— LONDON, DUBLIN 4 PARIS. WATCHES Of all kinds, at 2 to 200 guineas. LEVER, VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL, DUPLEX, CHRONOMETER, CHRONOGRAPH, KEYLES8. CENTRE SECONDS, REPEATERS, INDIAN, 4c. Gold JEWELLERY The latest fashions. BRACELETS, BROOCHES, RINGS, EARRINGS, STUDS, NECKLACES. PINS, LOCKETS, CHAINS, CROSSES, kc. CLOCKS Of all kinds, at 2 to 1000 guineas. CHURCH, TURRET, CARRIAGE, CHIME, DINING 4 DRAWING ROOM, HALL, LIBRARY, SHOP, BRACKET, Ac. Silver and Electro PLATE All the new designs DINNER 8ERVICES, TEA 4; BREAKFAST, SERVICES CRUETS, BASKETS, INKSTANDS, FORKS CLAHET JUGS, SPOONS, See. Illustrated Catalogue of Watches, Clocks, Jewellery & c., post free for 2 stainpa. Watches, Clocks, Jewellery and Plate Bent to all parts of the world. Silver and Electro Plate Catalogue post free 2d. Watches repaired by skilled workmen. Old Silver Jewellery, Watches, & c., exchanged. Merchants Shippers, and Clubs supplied. Steam Factory and City Show Rooms— LUDGATE HILL & OLD BOND STREET, LONDON. Western Provident Association. ESTABLISHED 1 8 48. FOB, securing Sidk Pay not exceeding 20s. per week, and sum at death of Member and his Wife from £ 5 to £ 200. PBESIDENT EARL FORTESCUE. Numerous Noblemen and Gentlemen of the Western Counties are Vice- President* and Trustees of the Society, in whose names the funds are invested. The Management ia by the members themselves at the Head- office and Branches. Present ANNUAL INCOME is about £ 6,000. The invested savings are nearly £ 40,000, and are yearly increasing, The Contributions are the lowest that will secure the benefits. Members incur no expenses whatever beyond, and are liable to no duties, fines, or loss of time. The Tables were prepared by an eminent Actuary, and the whole affairs of the Society are investigated by him every seven years. Branches are established in most of the towns of the Western Counties, and in London, Bristol, and Portsmouth. Where there are vacancies Branches will be formed on application. Prospectuses, Reports, and all further informa- tion may be obtained of the Secretary, Mr. MORTIMER, 14, Be< l/ ord Circus, Exeter. Or of the Local Secretaries in this district: FALMOUTH— Mr. J. J. . Skinner, Manor Office. PENZANCE— Mr. J. Caldwell, builder TBfKo- Mr. J. t. R. Crewe*, Ferris Tovm, LLSKEAJU>— . Mr. X. Hare, Juu.. Barrel Ssreer REI. BCTH— Mr. \ v\ Nicholls, Jun., K^ y Hill,' HKI. STOS— Mr. E. J. Aalhui. v, Siwgs liauk. ST. IVES— Mr. F. A: Fenhir;' T » Y,' FFTIYAL SQUARE. ST. AUSTELL— Mr. J. Dy r, Mount Charle*. RO^ JCIAXU— Mr, W. H. WebL » , Oerians, Gram pound. SK THE FALMOUTH & PENRYN WEEKLY TIMES. SATURDAY, NOV. 30, 1873. THE WILTSHIRE LABOURER. The following sketch of the position of the " Wilt- ' ihire Labourer," 6ent to The Times for publication, •\ vill not bo uninteresting to many of our readers :— The Wiltshire agricultural labourer Is not 80 highly paid those ol Northumberland, nor so low as those of Dorset: bat In the amount ol his wages, as in Intelligence and teneral posltloD, he may fairly be taken as an average specimen ot his class throughout a large portion ol the kingdom. As a man, he Is usually strongly built, broad- shouldered, ntd massive in frame, but his appearance Is spoilt by the clumsiness of his walk and the want of grace in his move- ments. Thongh quite as large In muscle, It Is vary doubt- ful if he possesses the strength of the seamen who may be Men lounging about the ports. There If a want of firmness, « certain disjointed style, abeut his limbs, and the muscles themselves have not the hardness and tension of the • sailor's. The labourer's muscle is that of a cart- lores, his motions lumbering and slow. His style of - walk is caused by following the plough in early childhood, " when the weak limbs find It a hard labour to pull the " heavy nailed boots from the thick clay soil. Ever afterwards lie walks as if it were an exertion to lilt his legs. His food may, perhaps, have something to do with the deadened slowness which seems to pervade everything he does— there • eems a lack of vitality about him. It consists chiqfly of bread and cheese, with bacon twice or thrice a week, varied With onions, and it he bo a milker ( on some farms) with a good " tuck- out" at his employer's expense on Sun- days. On ordinary days he dines at the fashionable hour of six or seven in the evening— that is, about that time hts cottage scents the road with a powerful odour of boiled cabbage, Of which he eats an immense quantity. Vegetables are his luxuries, and a large garden, therefore, is the greatest blessing he can have. He eats huge onions raw; he has • no Idea of flavouring his food with them, nor of making those savoury and Inviting messes or vegetable soups at which the Stench peasantry are so clever. In Picardy I have often dined in a peasant's cottage, and thoroughly enjoyed the excellent soup he puts upon the table for his ordinary meal. To dine in an English labourer's cottage would be impossible His bread is generally good, certainly; but his bacon is the cheapest he can buy at small second- class shops— oily, soft, wretched " stuff; his vegetables are cooked in detestable style, and eaten saturated with the pot liquor. _ Pot liquor is a fa- vourite soup. I have known cottagers actually apply at farmers' kitchens not only for the pot liquor in which meat has been soddened, but for the water in which potatoes have been boiled— potato liquor— and sup it up with avidity. And this not In times of dearth or scarcity, but rather as a relish. They never buy anything but bacon ; never butcher's meat. Philanthropic ladles, to my knowledge, have de- monstrated over and over again even to their limited caps- • cities that certain parts of butchers' meat can be bought • just as cheap, and will make more savoury and nutritive tood; and even now, with the present high price of meat, a certain portion would be advantageous. In vain; the . labourers obstinately adhere to the pig, and the pig only. " When, however, an opportunity does occur the amount of tood they will eat is something astonishing. Once a year, at the village club dinner, they gormandize to repletion. In • one instance I knew of a man eatlog a plate of roast beet ( and the slices are cut enormously thick at these dinnsrs), a plate ol boiled beef, then another of boiled mutton, and then a fourth of roast mutton, and a fifth of ham. He said he could not do much to the bread and cheese : but didn't he go into the pudding! I have even heard of men stuffing to the fullest extent of their powers, and then retiring from the table to an emetic of mustard and return to a second gorging. There is scarcely any limit to their power of absorbing beer. I have known reapers and me were make it their boast that they could lie on their backs and never take the wooden bottle ( in the shape of a small barrel) from their lips till they had drunk a gallon, and from the feats I have seen I verily believe it a fact The beer they get is usually poor and thin, though sometimes in harvest the farmers bring out a taste of strong liquor, but not till the work is nearly over; tor from this very practice of drinking enormous quantities of small beer the labourer cannot drink more than a very limited amount of good liquor without getting tipsy. This Is why he so speedily gets inebriated at the alehouse. While mowing and reaping many of them lay in a small cask. IIThey are much better clothed now than formerly. Corduroy trousers and slops are the usual style. Smocfctrocks are going out of use, except for milkers and taggers. Almost every labourer has his Sunday suit, very often really good clothes, sometimes glossy black, with the regulation " chimney- pot." His unfortunate walk betrays him. dress how he will Since labour has become so expensive it has betfhme a oommon remark among the farmers that the labourer will go to church in broadcloth and the masters In smock- frocks. The labourer never wears gloves— that has to come with the march of the times; but he Is particu- larly choice over his necktie. The women must dress in the fashion. A very respectable draper in an agricultural dis- trict was complaining to me the other day that the poorest • class of women would have every thine In the fashionable style, let it change as often as it would. In farmer times. If he laid In a stock of goods suited to tradesmen, and farmers' wives and daughters, if the fashion changed, or they got out of date, he could dispose of them easily to the servants. Now no such thing. The qu- dlty did not matter BO much, but the style must be the style of the day— no sale tor remnants. The poorest girl, who had not got two yards of flannel on her back, must have the same style of dress as the squire's daughter— Dolly Vardens, chignons, and parasols lor ladies who can work all day reaping in the broiling sun ol August! Gloves, kid, for hands that milk the cows! The cottages now are Infinitely better than they were. There is scarcely room for further improvements in the cottages now erected upon estates. They have three bed- rooms and every appliance and comfort compatible with their necessarily small size. It is only the cottages erected by the labourers themselves on waste plots of ground which are open to objection. Those he builds himself are, indeed, as a rule, miserable huts, disgraceful to a Christian country. I have an instance before me at this moment where a man built a cottage with two rooms and no staircase or upper apartments, and in those two rooms eight persons lived and slept— himself and wife, grown- up daughters, and chil- dren. There was not a scrap of garden attached, not enough to grow half a- dozen onions. The refuse and sewage was flunj Into the road, or filtered down a ditch Into the brook which supplied that part of the village with water. In another case at one time there was a cottage in which 12 persons lived. This had upper apartments, but so low was the cetl- athat a tall man could stand on the floor, with his head t through the opening for the staircase, and see Along the upper floor under the beds! These squattersare^ he curse of the community. It is among them that fever and kindred Infectious diseases break out; it is among them that wretched couples are seen bent donble with rheumatism and affections of the joints caused by damp. They have often been known to remain so long, generation after generation, in these wretched hovels that at last the lord of the manor having neglected to claim querent, they can defy him, and. claim them as their own property, and there they stick, eye- aores and blots, the fungi of the land. The cottages erected by farmers or by landlords are now, one and ail, fit and their work. On all farms gardens are attached to the cot- tages, in many instances very large, and always sufficient to produce enough vegetables for the rssldent. In villages the allotment system has been greatly extended ol late years, and has been found most beneficial, both to owners and tenants. As a rule the allotments are let at a rate which may be taken as £ 4 per annum— a sum which pays the landlord very well, and enables the labourer to remunerate himself. In one village which came under my observation the clergyman ol the pariah has turned a portion of his glebe land Into allot- ments— a most excellent and noble example, which cannot be too widely followed or too mnch extolled. He is thus enabled to benefit almost every ono of his poor parishioners, and yet without destroying that sense of Independence which b the great characteristic of a true Englishman. He has Issued a book of rules and conditions under which these allotments are held, and he thus places a strong check upon drunkenness and dissolute habits, indulgence in which is a sure way to lose the portion of ground. There is scarcely en end to the benefits of the allotment system. In villages there cannot be extensive gardens, and the allotments supply their place The extra produce above that which supplies the table and pays the rent is easily disposed of in the next town, and places many additional comforts in the labourer's reach. The rtfuse goes to help support and fatten the la- bourer's pig, which brings him In profit enough to pay the rent of his cottage, and the pig, in turn, manures the allot- ment. Some towns have large common lands, held under certain conditions; such are Malmesbury, with 600 acres, Tetbury ( the common land of which extends two miles): both these being arable, & c. These are not exactly In the use of labourers, but they are in the hands of a class to which the labourer often rises. Many labourers have fruit trees in their gardens which, in some seasons, prove very profitable. In the present year, to my knowledge, a labourer sold £ 4 worth ot apples; and another made £ 3 10s. of the produce of one pear tree, pears being scarce. To come at last to the difficult question of wages. In Wiltshire there has been no extended strike, and very few meetings upon the subject, for the simple reason that the agitators can gain no hold upon a county where, as a mass, the labourers are well paid. The common day- labourer re- ceives 10s., lis., and 12s. a week, according to the state of supply and demand for labour in various districts, and. If be milks. Is. more, making 13s. a week, now common wages. These figures are rather below the mark; I could give in- stances of much higher pay. To give a good idea of the wages paid I will take the case of a hill farmer ( arable, Marlborough Downs), who paid this last summer during harvest, 18i. per week per man. His reapers ofton earned 10s. a day ; enough to pay their year's rent In a week. These men lived in cottages on the farm, with three bedrooms each, and some larger, with every modern appliance each having a garden of a quarter of an acre attached and close at hand, for which cottsge and garden they paid is. per week rent. The whole of these cottages were Insured by the farmer himself, their furniture, Ac., In one lump, and the Insurance policy cost him, as nearly as possible, Is. 8d. per cottage per year. For this he deducted Is. per year esch from their wages. None ot the men would have in- sured unless he bad insisted upon doing it tor them. Theso men had from six to eight quarts of beer per man ( over and above their 18s. a week) during harvest every day. In spring and autumn their wages are much Increased by forcod work, hoeing, Ac. In winter the farmer draws their coal lor them in his waggons, a distance of eight miles from the nearest wharf, enabling them to get it at cost price. This 1s no slight advantage, for, at the present high price o! coal, » told, delivered In the Tillages, at 2a. per cwt Many THE EXHIBITION OF JAPAN. The following account of the Japan Exhibition Is from a private letter dated Kioto, 18th of May " I said in my last that I hoped to be able to visit Kioto during the time that the Exhibition would be held there. My number in the order of foreign arrivals at the * City of Temples' was 70 something. It is not often given to a man to be one of the first publicly to enter and inspect what I may, perhapB, be allowed to call the ' Mecca' of what has for many hundreds of years been one of the most exclusive empires the world has seen. It must be difficult for you at a distance to comprehend the greatness of the revolution that has swept over this land during the past four or five years. I can hardly fancy the poa- TAKING THE VEIL. Bibility of any oue realizing it without absolutely living here among the people and the institutions of the country. " My journey to Fushimi was devoid o! any par- ticular incident. In the company of two friends I left Osaka about half- past Beven in a long, narrow fiat- bottomed boat, and six native boatmen- by dint of punting and hauling, got us to Fuahimi by seven the next morning. We had there a light breakfast, and proceeded in jenrikBhas ( a sort of miniature Hansom, drawn by men) " to Kioto, through one continuous street about seven miles long. The entrance to the city by this route is not imposing, as you reach it at its lowest point, and it was only when I arrived at the Chioin Hotel and turned round to see where I was that I understood the locality. On the fiat ground, in the centre of the valley, running nearly north and south, and about ( as near as I could guess) five or six miles wide at this point, lies the town; hardly in the centre, for the houses reach to the base of the hills on the eastern side, but not as I noticed anywhere on thb western side. It is > at the foot of the eastern slope that there are to be found the hotels prepared for the accommodation of foreigners on this occasion. I located myself at that one adjoining the Temple of Chioin, where an immense amount of money must have been laid out in making preparations ; for in- stance. this hotel can accommodate 500 guests a night; and all the toilet- tables, washstands. bcU have been made foreign fashion ( though, of COUMBI very cheaply) for the occasion; and, except for the dMses and lan- guage of the servants, it would not be easy to tell that yOur dinner was not being served in America or Europe. Beally this hotel consists of / number of priests' houses, standing each in its owrf garden, and, converted to their present use merely temporarily. This temple is one of thtae, scattered at some distance apart, in which the Exhibition is held. " I can dismiss the Exhibition itself very shortly. I noticed no kind of Japanese product which is not more or less known to foreigners ; but many of the speci- mens of Japanese work are very beautiful. What I take to be the most interesting part of the whole affair -•• the antiquarian part— is well nigh a sealed book to foreigners, from the almost entire absence of any but Japanese or Chinese inscriptions. One would think that t^ is part of it must have immense interest in nathVeyes, ydt, comparatively speaking, the Exhi- bition is hardly patronised by natives alL Of inJ terpreters there is scarcely one wdrth the name, and a venerable sword or a piece of faded, tapgstry, there- fore, is to us but as old iron or garret rubbish. " The town itself is simply a good specimen of a large Japanese town— the streets wider and straighter than usual, and containing street lamp posts and oil lamps in many parts. These, however, I understand, vyiil not continue to be all lighted after foreigners have gone away. Telegraph poets also have just been put up, and the line that far is now ready to work, but I Relieve public messages have not yet been received for transmission. The town also is intersected by various watercourses running from north to Bouth, which mostly meet in Fushimi, whence downwards there is navigation for flat- bottomed boats to Ossflca. , J j ! " But the speciality of Kioto is its temples. Japanese! temples, as a rule, are not striking objects in a land- scape, unless they assume, as they occasionally do, the pagoda form. Except in towns the trees which BUT- round them are generally higher than the temples, and hide them. They are all built of wood ana roofed with tiles or thatch, but some of them are beautiful Specimens of workmanship in their way. You must blow that these temples are not intended to be of the , flame nature as our churches. They are more properly j speaking houses for shrines, where people go for their devotions, or to which they make pilgrimages. There is : no preparation for a concourse of people to join in wor- i ship: that seems not to have been contemplated. Let 1 ' go up in the balcony of the Great Gate of Chioin,. ' the eastern slope, and look at the town. * In London, on Tuesday morning, the sonn profes sion of a Sister of Mercy took place at thtthurch of St. John of Jerusalem, Great Ormond- street, Blooms- bury, Miss Mary Power, a near relative of the Petre family, being the postulant. The institution, of which the church is the centre, consists of a convent of nuns, and a hospital for women, in which there are forty beds, upon the occupants of which it is the main duty of the sisterhood to attend. The edifice in which the ceremony took place pre- sented an imposing spectacle. The daylight was toned down and the building lighted from end to end by rows of gas jets over the Italian columns and round the small dome, while the effect was heightened by a number of large candelabra with wax candles. A number of candles were also placed upon the high altar and the two Bide altars, which were tastefully decorated with flowers. The ser- vice commenced with a procession of priests and the sisterhood,| among whom the postulant— con- spicuous by her white veil— walked, bearing a taper. She remained with them during the first part of the mass, after which she was conducted to a seat in the chancel, onposite to the centre of the high altar. The " Kyrie " and " Gloria " having been sung, Monflignor CapeL, from the Btep3 of the altar, delivered an exhortation to the postulant He compared the course to be taken by the lady before them with the words of the inspired writer who declared that rather than dwell in the tabernacle of sinners he would occupy an abject place in the house of God. She felt that she could give up the love of the world to attend to the unfortunate. She sacrificed her liberty— that which was most dear to all— and her de- sire for property in order to consecrate herself to God and to watch the poor and suffering. He explained the dntie3 of a nun, pointed out her self- sacrifice, " and urged his lay hearers to endeavour in some degree to assist their unfortunate brethern by emulating hei* con- duct. The A^ gnas Die having been sung, the postulant took the vows of the Holy Communion, and was conducted to a place with the sisterhood while the moss was finished. The large white veil was then removed from her head, and the black veil substituted for it' Some prayers were said, the new nun remaining kneeling at the altar. The Tt JDeurn Laudamus was then sung, and the benediction pro- nounced. The procession of priests and nuns then left " the church. _ , • Miss Power having now renounced the worta will henceforth be known as Sister Mary Evangelist. TAXATION IN ITALY. To anybody desirous of arriving at the truth con- cerning the economical situation of Italy, its products and itp burdens, its progress attd its degrees of pros- ' perity,'. it is rather disheartening to receive such con- flicting accounts as one often does of what ought to be mere matters of fact, admitting of no difference of opinion ( writes the correspondent of The Timed, from Home). On" has to be on his guard against the' inac- curacy which is only too common in this country, even among persons whose education and position ought, one wouid think, to be a guarantee against it. _ It ia right also to be cautious in accepting much that is said in disparagement of the administration of the country, and especialy of the tax- collecting department. Hereis a country of 25 millions of inhabitants, of which a very large proportion aire ' s0_ poor that it is scarcely possible to get much out of them in the way of taxation. The grist tax touches them all, even to the jlazzarp'ne who lives on ahandfnlof macaroni; but beyond'that it Is little indeed that can be got from people who possess a little. Of the classes that have soipatJiS^, to tax, jtjs the poorer which feel the pressure meet, although it ia often from, the richer ones that the loudest grumbling ' is heard. ' I take it that id ' pi'ojiortion to the popu- lation the number of persons who have to supply, the bulk of the revenue required by the State is smaller than in most other countries, and this is what makes the shoe pinch so severely. On the other hand, the Government, driven to every kind of expedient to msike the two ends meet,, spurs its subordinates to vigilance, and rigour, ana they, anxious to obey and fearful of disgrace, not unfre- quently, if halfof what is ' said'is true, presf » unfairly upon the taxpayer. I have repeatedly been told by persons who appear to me worthy of credit of a practice which, if it really exists, is an abuse and an injustice. It is that of taxing people on a fictitious value, higher than the income which their property really yields. Thus, a man has a house, and. ho lets a part of it for 10,000f. a year, and returns that sum as the ampunt on Ihich he should be taxed. ( The fiscal authorities, to hom the house is perfectly well known, are not satisfied with this. The b oti& e or apartment is Worth more they say; he ought to let it for 15,000f., and on this they levy the tax. A curiqus ca3e in point has been related to me as having occurred a short time ago in Home and been , taken as a theme for attacks upon the Government by the Opposition Press. A palazzo in Home was let to the Govern- ment for 25,000f. & year. After a time the tax- gatherer came and was dissatisfied. He conld not accept the return; the palace was worth more, and should be let for more ; he must levy on 35, OO0f. " But," said the luckless owner, " The palace is let to the State, it fa applied to Government purposes; by what manner of justice can I be made to pay a tax to the State on a higher rent than it pays me for my property ? " The Collector of revenue was obdurate— he would only see through his own spectacles ; the matter was referried, and how it ended I have not heard— if, indeed, it be ended at all. •^••• 1 sip as you sit. _ Before you stretches from right to left a long valley in' high cultivation, and well wooded, showing all the ( varied shades of brilliant green fqr which Japanese Bcenery iB justly celebrated, and above the roofs of the houses in the town, and through the tree tops of. the surrounding country, peer the palace of the Mika- dos, those of many Daimois, the castleij and number- less temple roofs. The Bcene is exquisitely beautiful in natural ecenery, and no less stirring to the ima- Kation. As you sit and smoke and sip your tea you get to- day, and the mind conjures up the pageants bf temporal and ecclesiastical power, and of long lines, far reaching into history, of Emperors, warriors, and; statesmen who have passed and repassed upon the scene on which we dreamily gaze this tranquil Spring' afternoon. Far to the right is the Temple of Kiukakuji on a lake— that temple whose walls were jerat covered with gold leaf ; nearer to us the Palace i of the Mikadns itself, Btill boasting its splendid gardens, though now it is tenantleas. High on the left, but hidden from our sight, is their burying place, the Bepulchre of their line. Dotted about ( the town, the Yaahikia of those who were at once his. mobility and his gaolers— the creatures of Tycoons of Yedo. On the low ground to the left the great temple ( of Hohganji, which, though partially destroyed by • fire, according to some accounts, is still one of the largest, if not the largest in Japan. Scattered about, many more, whose names convey no impression to us, : but which have their histories in the annals of the em- ipire. As we Hit gazing and dreaming, the twilight of nature falls over the scene, peopled with shadowy . forms conjured up ont of the past by our imagination. The last golden tinge of sunset dies out behind the western hills, the glorious landscape at our feet fades gently into one great dusky sea under the twinkling stars." ENGLISH LECTURERS IN AMERICA. A Cambridge correspondent of the New York' Evening Mail reports a first iccturo in America, delivered last mouth, tho lecturer being George Macdonald, and the subject being Robert Bur as:— " The full beard and the broad, low brow are quickly recognised. A black dress- coat on a slightly stooping, moderately tall figure, white neck- tie, and rather prominent gold watch- chain complete the figure. It seemed at times that the speaker wo\ ild have been more at home In the pulpit; the clergyman was frequently evident Often leaning on his desk as if it were a pulpit cushion, he read some of the feerious poems much as one would read Watts' hymns, and frequent sermonising marked the preacher. A very earnest temperance lecture nccom- t ponied a sad apology for Burns' drinking songs and in- temperance. It was not the drink that made the song, it was tho companionship, wafl thrice repeated, and regretful allusions to graver vices were given with a positive groan, as he saia, ' Oh, I'd like to pass over what I must say.' George Macdonald, the lecturer, exhibits little of the weird, supernatural, dreamland characteristics of George Macdonald the novelist. A very real, wideawake man It is who talks so lovingly of Burns; and while Macdonald is not great as a lecturer, the thousands who have read his books will listen eagerly and with satisfaction to his earnest words, recognising many of the peculiarities that have made his books 80 popular. As a leoturer his moat striking characteristics are a tre- mendous earneatness and a wonderful simplicity and frankness, almost humility. The secret' of Burns' power as a poet, he said, was his thorough sympathy with humanity, with nature, human nature and animal nature, with all forms of life ; and this George Mac- donald evidently possesses in full measure. His * Robert Burn?' cannot fail to please American audl- ences, and the man himself will win their hearts." EI « HT OHUDREN AT A BIRTH.— The Cincin- nati Lancet and Observer records the following:— On tho 21st of August, Mrs. Timothy Bradlee, of Trum- bull County, Ohio, gavo birth to eight children— three bojs and five girls. They are all living, tod are healthy, but quite small. Mr. Bradlee was married six years ago to Eunier Mowery, who weighed 27Slb. on the day of her mar- riage. She has given birth to two pairs of twins, and non- eight more, making twelve children in five years. Mrs. Bradlee was a triplet, her mother and lather being both twins, and her grandmother the mother ot five pair of twins.; THE GARIBALDI FAMILY. The Pensiero of . Nice relates that the inhabitants of i hat city paid especial honours to the memory of_ the jignora Roea Garibaldi, mother of the patriotic ; eneral, on the recurrence of All Souls' Day, visiting _ ier monument at the cemetery in great crowds for three days. The venerable old lady was greatly esteemed during her life, and she died at the age of seventy- seven on the 19th March, 1S52, her son's birthday, while he was battling with a tempest on the ocean in his ship Rcpnblica. The Pensiero adds the following account of the Garibaldi family :— Guiseppe, the libe- rator of Italy, was born in 1807, and Is the second son of Boa a and Domenico Garibaldi. The eldest was named Angelo: he was born in 1802, and died at Phila- delphia, where he occupied the post of Consul- General for Sardinia. Michele was born in 1810, . and died at Nice in 1866. Felice was born in 1812, and died in 1858, leaving a small inheritance to his brother, the general, who invested the sum in the purchase of his island residence, Caprera. Finally, Teresa, born in 1816, died in 182L With the exception of the first- born, the defunct children of the Signora Rossa occupy the family tomb with her, and Garibaldi's heroic wife, who succumbed to the hardships of the campaign m 1849, reposes also in the cemetery at Nice. It is reported that Bennett is about to issue a Ger-, man edition of the New York Herald. The horse disease has been very severe in Phila- delphia, causing a decided cessation of traffic. The street cars have run but irregularly, and many ot them have been pulled by men. At Monday night's meeting of the Royal Dublin Society it was stated that six shafts have been sunk in the Roscommon coal- fields, and last j week a first instalment of 100 tpna was raised. The cord can be sold in Dublin at a guinea per ton. A dead whale, measuring seventy feet in length h& s been stranded on the Island of Tajlay,, in north Ulsfc It must have been a long time dead. Tho Bowd of Trade will tako possession of this monster ot the deep, and willsell It The magistrates flitting at the Castle of Exeter on Saturday decided that a Wesleyan minister could not claim exemption from the payment ot turnpike toll when pro- ceeding to a place ol worship In a conveyance on wees- The death of the wife of a carrier named Curto living in Broad- street, Portsmouth, oocurt* « on sunuay morning under shocking clrcumsUnc « . ^ husband l6 ffiSwMEier2adiK lM thought she was about to M toe t » potwhen •£ » was seised with a fit; and Um. fell Intothefire. She . was fifty years ot age, and when last, seen alive was in good health. LXOAL QUESTION.— A jury was brought into court, In order that one of their number might be instructed upon She following point of law :—" It I believe that the evidence was one way, and the other eleven believe different, does that Justify any other juryman in knocking me down with a ahalrf " ThaJudgp answered In general terms. who cannot afford it in the week buy a quarter of a cwt on Saturday night to cook their Sunday's dinner with, for 6d. This is at the rate of £ 2 per ton. Another gentleman, a large steam cultivator in the Vale, whose name Is often before the public, informs me that hla books show that he paid £ 100 in one year In cash to ono oottage for labour, showing the advantage the labourer possesses over the me- chanic, since his wife and child oan add to his Income. Many farmers pay £ 50 and £ 60 a year for beer drunk by their labourers— a serious addition to their wages. Tho railway companies and othors who employ mechanics do not allow them any beer. The allowance of a good cottage and a quarter ot an aero of garden for la per week is not singular. Many who were at tho Autumn Manmuvres of the present year may remember having a handsome row of houses rather than cottages, pointed out to thom as inhabited by labourers at la per week. In the Immediate neighbourhood of large manufacturing towns la. Od. a week is sometimes paid; but then those cottages would in suoh positions readily let to mechanics for 3s., 4s., and even 6s. per week. There was a great outcry when the Duke of Marlborough Issued an order that the cottagos on his estate should in future only be left to such men as worked upon the farms where those cottages were situated. In reality this was the very greatest bieising the Duke could have conferred npon tho agricultural labourer; for it insured him a good oottage at a nearly nominal rent and close to his work; whereas in many instances previously the cottages on tho farms had been let at a high rate to the mechanics, and the labourer had to walk miles before ho got to his labour. Cottsges are not eroded by landowners or by faimers a3 paying specu- lations. It is well known that the condition ot things pre- vonts the agricultural labourer from being able to pay a sufficient rate to be a fair percentage upon the sum ex pended. In one Instance a landlord has built some cottages for his tenant, the tenant paying a certain amount of interest on the sum Invested by the landlord. Now, although tills is a matter of arr. ingoment, and not ot speculation— that is, although the interest paid by the tenant Is a low percentage npon the money laid out, yet the rent paid by the labourers inhabiting these cottages to the tenant docs not reimburse him what he pays his landlord as interest— not by a consider- able margin. But then he has the advantage of his labourers close to his work, always ready at hand Over and above the actual cash wages of the labourer, which are now very good, must be reckoned his cottsge and garden, and often a small orchard, at a nominal rent, his beer at his master's expense, piecework, gleaning after harvest, < Sc., which alter his real position very materially. In Glocestershire, on the Cotswolds, the best paid labourers are the shepherds, for In ithat great sheep country much trust is reposed in thom. At the annual auctions of shearlings which are held upon the large farms a purse Is made for the shepherd of the flock, Into which every one who attends is expectad to drop a shilling, often producing £ 6. The shepherds on tho Wiltshire downs are also well paid, espe- cially In lambing time, when the greatest watchfulness and care are required. It has been stated that the labourer has no chance of rising from his position. This is sheer cant. He has very good opportunities of rising, and often does rise, to my knowledge. At this present moment I conld mention a person who has risen from a position scarcely equal to that of a labourer, not only to have a farm himself, but to place his sons in fauns. Another has just entered on a farm ; and several more are on the high road to that desirable consummation. If a labourer possesses any amount ol Intelligence he becomes head carter or head tagger, as the case may be: and from that to be assistant or under- bailiff, and finally bailiff. As a bailiff he hsa every opportunity to learn the working of a farm, and is often placed in " entire charge of a firm at a distance from his employer's residence. In time he establishes a reputation as a practical man, and being in receipt of good wages, with very little expenditure, saves some money. He has now little difficulty in obtain- ing the promise of a farm, and with this he can readily take up money. With average care he is a made man. Others rise from petty trading, petty dealing In pigs and calves, till they save sufficient to rent a small farm, and make that the basis of larger dealing operations. I question very much whether a clerk in a firm would not find it much niore diffi- cult, as requiring larger capital, to raise himself to a level with his employer than an agricultural labourer does to the level of a fanner. * Many labourers now wander far and wide as navvies, < fcc., and perhaps when theso return home, as most of them do, to agricultural labour, they are the most useful and in- teCigent of their class, from a readiness they possess to turn their hand to anything. I know one at this moment who makes a large addition to his ordinary wages by brewing for the small Inns, and very good liquor he brews, too. They pick np a large amount of practical knowledge. The agricultural women are certainly not handsome: I know no peasantry so entirely uninviting. Occasionally there is a glil whose nut brown complexion and sloe black eyes are pretty, but their features are- very rarely good, and they get plain quickly, so soon as the first flush ol youth. ia past Many have really good hair in abundance, glossy and rich, perhaps from its exposure to tho fresh air. But on Bun days they plaster It with strong- smelling pomade and hair oil, which scents the air for yards most unpleasantly. As a rule. It may safely be laid down that the agricultural, women are moral, far more so than those of the town. Rough and rude jokes and languago are. Indeed, too com- mon ; but that is alL No evil comes of it The fairs aro the chief cause of immorality. Many an honest, hard- work- ing servant girl owes her ruin to these fatal mops and fairs, when liquor to which she is unaenstomed overcomes her. " Yet it seems cruel to take from them the one day or two of the year on which they can enjoy themselves fairly In their own fashion. The spread of friendly societies, patronized by the gentry and clergy, with their annual festivities, is a remedy which is gradually supplying them with safer, and yet congenial, amusement. In what may be termed lesser morals I cannot accord either them or the men the same praise. They are too ungrateful for the many great benefits which are bountifully supplied them— the brandy, the soup, and fresh meat readily extended without stint from the farmer's home in sickness to the cottage are too quickly forgotten. They who were most benefited are often the first to most loudly complain and to backbite. Never once in all my observation have I heard a labouring man or woman make a grateful remark; and yet I can confidently say that there Is no class of persons In England who receive so many attentions and benefits from their superiors as the agricul- tural labourers. Stories are rife ot their even refusing to work at disastrous fires because beer was not immediately forth- coming. I trust this is not true: but It is too much in cha- racter. No term Is too strong in condemnation for those per- sons who endeavour to arouse an agitation among a class ol people so shortsighted and so ready to turn against their own benefactors and their own interest I am credibly in- formed that one ot these agitators, immediately after the Bishop of Gloucester's unfortunate but harmlessly Intended speech at the Gloucester Agricultural Society's dinner— one of these agitators mounted a platform at a village meeting and In plain language Incited and advised the labourers to duck the farmers I The agricultural women either go out to field work or become indoor servants. In harvest they hay- make- chiefly light work, as raking; » nd rem, which Is much harder labour, but then, while reaping, they work their own time, a « it is done by the piece. Significantly enough, they make longer hours while. reaping. They are notoriously late to arrive, and eager to return home on the bayfleld. The children help both in haymaking and reaping. In spring and autumn they hoe and do other piece- wort On pasture farms they beat clots or pick up stones out of the way of the mowers' scythes. Occasionally, but rarely now, they milk. In winter they wear gaiters, which give the ankles a most ungainly appearance. Those who go out to service get very low weges at first from their ex- treme awkwardness, but generally quickly rise. As dairy- maids they get very good wages indeed. Dairymaids are scarce and valuable. A dairymaid who can be trusted to take charge of a dairy will sometimes get £ 20 besides her board ( liberal) and sundry perquisites. These often save money, marry bailiffs, and help their husljapds to start a farm. In the education provided for children Wiltshire com- pares favourably with other counties. Long before the passing of the " recent Act in reference to education the clergy had established schools in almost every parish, and their exertions have enabled the greater number of places to come up to the standard required by the Act. withqnt the assistance of a School Board. Tho great difficulty is the distance children have to walk to school, from the sparse- ness of population and the number of outlying hamlets. This difficulty Is felt equally by the farmers, who, in the majority of cases, find themselves situated far from a good • chooL In only one place has anything llks a cry for education arlseo, and that Is on the extreme northern edge of the county. The Vice- Chairman of the Swindon Chamber of Agriculture recently stated that only one- half ot the entire population of Inglesham c » uld read and wrlto. It subsequently appnared that the parish of Inglesham was very sparsely populated, and that a variety of circumstances had prevented vigorous efforts being made. The children, however, could attend schools in adjoining parishes, no farther than two miles, a distance which they frequently walk in other parts of the country. Those who are so ready to cast every blame upon tho farmer, and to represent him is eating up tlio earnings of his men and enriching himself with their ill- paid labour, should remember that farming, ns a rule, is carried on with a large amount of borrowed capital. In these days, when £ 0 an acre has been expended In growing roots for sheep, when the slightest derangement of calculation In the price of wool, meat, or corn, or the loss of a crop seriously interferes with a lair return for capital invested, the farmer has to • ail extremely close to the wind, and only a little more would find his canvas shaking. It was only recently that the cashier ot the principal bonk ol an agricultural county, alter an unprosperous yoar, declared that such another season wonld make almost every tanner insolvent. Under theso circumstances it is really to be wondered at that they have done as much as they have lor the labourer in thelast jew years, finding him with better cottages, better wages, better education, aud affording him better opportunities of rising in the social scale.— I am, < fcc., RICHARD JEFFEEIES, Coato- tarm, Swindon, Nov. 12. The annexed, in reply to the above, appeared in The Times of Monday :— Having read the letter signed " Richard Jefferles," In Ths Times of Thursday, I think some of your readors, llko myself, Will think it too one- sided. Although much that he says may bo true, to a certain ex- tent, the labourer is . not such a bad manager as Mr. Jelferies would have us believe. By force of circumstances he cannot be a good manager. Mr. Jefferius ssys his wages are 10a., lis., 12s., and. It a milker, 18s. a week, as be has to work on Sundays. Now, to talk of bnylng'butchers' meat must be a farco ont of his money ; and, If ne could. In most villages he would only be able to obtain It once a week, as there la nobody sella It only on Saturdays, It Is well known that the " smallest) piece" of bacon boiled with cabbage or any other f » getabla will give It a " flavour" and make It greasy, but not sufflcently to briog on a bilious attack ; consequently, it appears to go further than any other meat; so on that score it does not matter much as they cannot buy sufficient to do either good er harm. As for his gormandizing, as described, it makes him an objeot of pity moro than of condemnation. I have known some farmers to go to their rent dinners and " do likewise," and also to be capable of putting an equal amount of beer out ot sight. As regards dress, farmers, their wives, and their daugh- ters, like everybody else, dress better than formerly: al- though foolish, perhaps, why should not the labourer, 11 ho Sleases f As a rule, the cleaner and better dressed the la- ouror, the cleaner and better arranged is his house, and the more intelligent and respcctablo are the man, his wife, and family. The better made the garmont, the better it looks; a cheap material In the fashion always looks better than an eipensive old- fashioned article; so to an extent fashion is oconomy. I think their rofusal to buy remnants is not general, only in Mr. Jefforles' neighbourhood. I am glad to hear that It would bo impossible to find a " single " bad cottago oirany largo estate, also that the allot- ment system has been found very beneficial. This Is a great boon, but why should they be made to pay for their small allotments double the price a farmer pays per acre ? Mr. Jefferies says :— *' The extra produce above that which supplies the table and pays the rent Is easily disposed of In tho next town, and places many additional comforts In tho labourer's reach; the refuse goes to help to koep and fatten the pig, which brings in profit enough to pay tho rent of the cottage." Fancy a labourer with an allotment of one acre at £ 4 ( an allotment is usually one rood at £ 1) having onough produce for his own house, enough to soli to pay the tent, and enough to sell to place " many additional comforts" within his reach, and the refuse to help to support and'fatten a pig, which brings him proSt enough to pay the runt ol the cot- tage ! In my humble opinion It must be a wonderful allot- ment and a " wonderful pig." If tho semi- barbarian Is capable of doing all this, what can the enllghtenod farmer do on only 100 acres, at ronta^ t half the allotment price per acre? I may add I havo five roods of land I gavo £ 100 for ( free- hold) on which last year I grew four quarters one bushel of barley, which I sold tor £ 8 2s., and 40 bushels of potatoes, which I sold for £ 5, making the produce £ 13 2s.; the land Is of the poorest possible soli, and there were a great many bad potatoes. In conclusion, my opinion Is, If land can be made to produce £ 10 an acre, at the rents farmers are pay- ing they can afford to pay their labourers more standing wages than those quoted by Mr. Jefferies, which are more than 26 per cent, per man less than it costs per horse, aud I think your readers must think that a man ought to be of the same value, it not more.— I am, etc., A. B. November 10. THE NEW REGULATIONS FOR SCHOOL BOARD ELECTIONS. The new code of orders for regulating the election of members to fillip casual vacancies on 8ohool boards in boroughs is noi$| complete. ' It includes provisions for the taking of votes by ballot, and these elections have been intentionally delayed until after the first municipal elections under the Ballot Act The document, which will be immediately issued to returning officers in boroughs where school boards have expressed a desire that casual vacancies should be filled np, is called an " oilier regulating the elections for filling up caaua vacancies in a school board. Schedule II., part L, section 15." The words in the schedule on which the order is mainly based are first: " The election of a school board shall be held at such time and in such manner, and in accordance with Buch regulations as the Education Department may from time to time by order prescribe;" and, secondly, after describing how a poll shall be taken in the metro- polis, the scheaifie says the poll " shall be taken in any other district m like manner as a poll of burgemes or ratepayers ( as the case may be) is usually taken in Buch district," By the construction put upon these last words by the Committee of Council on Education the votes in school board elections in boroughs should be taken by ballot, bat not in country parishes. HencQ these orders begin with a recital of that portion of Schedule II., and the words we have last quoted are . followed immediately by thestf words :—" And whereas, in pursuance of the Ballot Act 1872, a poll of burgesses is usually taken by ballot"— leading up to a proclamation, of the vacancy or vacancies now required to be filled up in a particular school board. IJt would seem from the construction of this proclamation that though the Ballot Act has been the law of the land since the 18th of last July, a school board electioncould not properly beheld by ballot until after the- first municipal elections t fot not until after the 1st o£ November. 1872, could it J3e said with ac- curacy that " a poll of burgesses is usually broken by ballot" The order- proceeds to prescribe that the re- turning officer shall be the mayor of the borough or other officer who presides at municipal elections; that the election shall be held on a day to be fixed by the returning officer within twenty- eight clear days after the date of this order ; that fourteen clear days' notice shall be published ; that nominations must be made not less than ten clear dayB before the day of election ; that the names of the candidates shall be advertised eight clear days before the election ; that candidates desiring to withdraw must do BO six clear daya before the date of election ; that in case of a contest proper notice shall be given of the polling ; that three clear days' notice ah all be given of the situa- tions of the polling stations; that " no public- house shall be used as a polling place or for the purpose of an ' election;" that " the polling shall commence at such an hour not earlier than eight a. m., and close at such an hour not later than eight p. m., as shall be fixed by the returning officer, but the poll shall not be open fcr more than seven houra;" and then follow the clauses relating to the taking of the votes by ballot which run thus:— Subject to the provisions of this order, the poll shall be taken In like manner as a poll at a contested municipal elec- tion is directed by the Ballot Act, 1872, to be taken ; and the provisions of that Act shall apply to the election In like manner as if they were contained in this order, with the substitution of the term " School Board Election" for the term " Municipal Election:" Provined that:— L Every voter shall be entitled to a number ot votes equal to the number of toe members of the Sohool Board to be elected to fill up the vacancies, and may give ' all such votes to one candidate, or may distribute them among the candidates as he thinks fit. 2. The voter may place against the name of any candidate for whom ho votes the number of votes he gives to such candidate in lien ot a cross, and the form of directions for the guidance of the voter In voting; contained in the Ballot Act 1372, shall be altered accordingly. 8. Tho provisions of sections 8, 4,11, and 24 of the Ballot Act. 1872, shall be deemed to be regulations contained In this order which Involve a penalty within the meaning ol section 90 ot the Elementary Educa- tion Act, 1870. It is next provided that any voter on applying for a ballot- paper at the polling- place shall answer two questions— first, whether he is the person whose name appears as " A B." on the burgess list; and secondly, whether- he has already_ voted at that election. The orders as to the publication of the result of the election are of tho usual deacriptiona and it is finally provided " that the expenses or the election and of taking the poll shall be paid by the School Board out of School Fund." At the end of the order appears a form of ' public notice of an election, in acoordance with the foregoing regulations. Orders for new school board elections in boroughs are not yet ready for issue. A SKETCH FROM CHICAGO. A correspondent ot the Liverpool Albion writes :— Tho city is springing up like a magic scene. The new buildings ore vast and beautiful. The energy and perseverance of the business people are wonderful. Nothing causes them to turn aside orcease to " go ahead " but politics, and on that subject every one iB crazy. Even the " weaker Bex " on politics come out strongly. Among these " Dolly Yarden " has had to give way to " Grant" and " Greeley" colours and badges. Even the very poorest vendor of poisonous sweets dubs her comfits or oftkes " Grante " or " Greeleys." Seven magnificent theatres are now In the full blaze of dramatic attraction. These are crowded nightly; wealth, beauty, and fashion are there always to be found. Nor are the poorer classes a whit behind in their enjoyment of these en- tertainments got up " regardless of expense," and on the grandest acale possible. Fifty, aixty, or even aeventy thousand pounds have been spent without hesitation on aome of theBe buildings. The " rough" element ia still to be fonnd very strongly prevailing : but when men's minds have pasBed through the great excitement of raising from the ashes of the old Chicago tho beautiful city of the new, due attention will be paid to rid the inhabitants of the vicions presence of a col- lection of unequalled scoundrels. A few Sundays since, for the first time, all the liquor saloons were ordered to be closed on the Sabbath day. Many preferred to bo fined, and others submitted to the order apparently, but only to evade it by every ingenious method. The drug stores ( the apothecaries and chemiBts) did a roar- ing business. " Prescriptions " for brandy and whisky were unceasingly prepared. Some saloons actually opened, and gave away what they were forbidden to selL In such a place the police and authorities mar look forward to " constant employment," we should think, for some time to come. dBL FICKEB1HU MOBDSS. C^ KfttSS^ saS'rS •' H„ re « J> o." lot, giS^ UM. It ra 7J, '^^ s'^ JfilSluidTiniUl murder com- the wSSy, « hkh ^ " W1" 1* tree from " ft5- ,„— went into the poliea- statiou to vie. the ' _ 2LfSrt2. iS. iiciVa. terribly offensive. Op. £ jf£ t£ n into the chamber . here the kroner. iiiheld, evidence of identification . as taken, ^^ o wood, the brother ot the deceaaed, uld : I am a - ad J » » ti w « od ™ " J brother, end he firmed the term ophite mine. I £ JS1 htatuSTon Friday. the 17th May. brtw. en t. elre £? d ™ elntbe day He wae In Ms own home sitting over SSs^ toSaSmaUhOT. Ihedsom. cOT. iuti. n SfhSabSut a hinow he hut borrowed from me. end wutb. ro, i. lnedlnto conversation. Ineeer in, u. lnB, bout[ » MgB » » y « rl » > ngth. ^ T u- V y. ii day my ( on waa talking to e young labourer SSSfoeS^ SSu U m, hrotberand the W W » bid gone a way in the middle ol Ihe nUM. » {" H E. I " ntovsr . Iter dicer to my bretor'e bouaa raarw weektadlimra lire, Uld tors wa, a piece olmnltjoon the bov had gcmi with blm. I Baked where, and he siU ho ST £ 5SK ™ ^ Mflftg Rffi & i- Ss& kiKsyais | " l Sffi, m the £ te my brother wa. to Ifot he wuj. j, STphs- ai " • to. and told him we should Uke to know where my brother ra oooe rhsrter aid he had not noma back, bat had Probably the •• hou. ske. pu'. gto- Her Dame u Charlotte inn Thompson, and ihe U my Motors nwittroate diughter. Ihe Coroner: Did you stuped there wu anything wrong ahont hi. going away 1 Witness : So i w. thought he ™ gone awl) lor two or three data I Uked Charter to tike a bone and go to Melton SHBsfearasi^ SS ' could hoar nothing of to broths. or toUl E'SiSrff^. to M*" 0, VMKl Ut? r ' and thought It wu time my brother wa. lookrf alter and Mr Wood i advice and he recommended me toaee Charter usd a policeman cama to me. Charter having In Ml „ » d a lettor. This — U » Ml> « ' To Robert Charter. « • Dear CouHn.- I writ ® the. e few line, to let yonknow that Hrfea'i- sr i7i ^. X.' ind I Invited him to come to Cropton We went to my brother1* houae, aad Charter . was sk siisafja sag hmther'a eolnir away, and he told him a different « tory alto- wai and dangbter, but they rtiuied to coma A tort- Xbt ko toSj. William having taken the l. rm into hlTom liueilon, aome men were turning over iome JSrfSV KtrtS'a fair ol boot. loll down. X oxami.^. d th? bioU. aid thought they were my brolbor. On the following day ( Sunday morning) I and my wile. wont over ™ brother, houso. and in a hola under the carTet Sto'.' SK^ thSblS, mr wile found apdr ofeW 3JS Sou, which I alio thought were my \"> th. rt, ud I hSloved the two palra were the only onea he had. In- ware made neit day, and I found that none ol the badramenta Pickering hi Kid Mm any roaiy- ra. de SSalnd then I bogm to balieve he had not gone away STSmdaymy IST. and I .^ ched the pond. jhdlound iit of a pair of troum, neb ai my brother uaed to SS Next we found part of a coat and • birtaueh 1 hi wor£ Tho knife in one of the trotaer. pocketa Siongedto my brothor'a boy. I then cuno andI gave InlM- SaaontoMTlooaa. uid tol5 him I iurpooKd theboj wa. ^ itrJofl Next morning we pumped the pond out, ilr. Sm^ bSgthere i^ rtoia Juato^ t wa, „ am hut aomo other thlnga were found In mj ahunn. IhiSlSn the remUna ol the body, " » d ' bi^' t U uko oS of M hrothor'a Ee had very queer teeth, aome of ffiem iuVungoit edg.^., and th^ wo. . err d « k, a. h.. moled rwd deal ? Tho murdered man". Jaw waa here brought fntocoortwrapped in alpleco of newapeper. The witnua on Ida'apectaelea and cartluily examined it.) Tbe teeth EJSfiShUko^^ rwoth^ eap^ daliy one whkh pro- l" JS " oSdTrably I believe theae remalna are thee of my hrother'a body. ; , Ihomaa Stead, butcher, ot Cropton, laU he law Wood and tbiTtwThovVon tho 17th ot May, and Wood aald nothing S^ rsS from hoi" Atterwarda ch » rt « aald hehjd bad a leUer Irem Liverpool, telling him Wood and th. Mj Ed » gone foreign," aid that he wa. to atop on the farm tUl be returned. Charlotte Ann nmmpion. of Melton, tie decerned boure- kMafi d. nghtcr, laid aho wont to live at the farm la Feb.. SSTLd wi there whan her mother died, and left In April ol tbla year Hex two hrothera were Jowph, eight yeanaid ibVlnlUmi boy" and Thomaa William, five yean old. The S£ oKSf USSSSri m » that ol tte mlaalng boy w. renredueed, and Identlflcd la » wf clear manner by Jirw^ tnii " ware alao the ahoea, gertere, and knife, the ^ J S wUa Ee^ ald wa. ir.* Wood'i, and not her hrathera Mr. w. Wood, grocer, ic.. of Plckming, hiring given evidence almilar to that of hla elder brother, Snnerintendent John Jonca related hia connection with tho Kt. old, I thought Mr. Jo « ph Woodhad son. awiy. Tie family of brothen and hrotberalu- . gain, lley were to careleaa ahont the matter that every Sai l wanted to proceed rlgoromly they keptme J » ck, SSini that peoplo would » y they waited to get peare^ on cd the h « L Tb* 7 would not, thereto^ let mo take £ e preSidlnga I wtahed to take. He witneu then de- Sriid thTSinn.. In which Chuter aaounWd to him to Wood* dl » pp « ™ < « . and the recjdpt of the, llrer- SLl letUr. uWy dlUered frem tlml he had told SSeTta that he told thU wltneaa It wa, Ugbt when he Ssind looked up aad down th. line to • a. jrtjt had W^ m. of Weed and hie m. The . vldenc. proceeded Onthe SRT S AISS 1 aaked lor a candl. to be W and • TarSedth. hSie. but found no trace. Other Inqulriea I had bmi liaced, but nothing more wa. ^ On ^ Ith Sovember. lromtnlormUlonI reoeirjl S5u Mr. John Wooi. I directed a pump to be prep^ to pomp out the pond In th. cow puture. Wtan w. got Ih. Kdu. ad by a foot. la. a human leit hind ^ lng on SmuilplSod it In a box. and a ihott time alter the SS, ™ a pill of trouaen wu fonnd. with pocket " tachei SLVVerTtourthimtigeln the pocket. Thelrout of • Mack id taWk were tmnd, and a nuaQ portion Of aco^ They haw K » n preduo^ hra to- ly. On the . I. , J^ a H made, and I found the boy* SShSrS5 » iudto i bole under the gairet- rtiin. on SfSL^ TSd. turther « » rch ihont ti. mnl « t " d Si TaKT pari, of the otchard. & o ™ rpoj lncha. iwjjjjn andgarterwM. attached to one of th. feet, nerebjdbea ol earth dlaturbedtocont^ ntheentobody. MaSSaSS " PBatjd Mm wS « h. murdjr of 5S5SwomSSi ITIi of May. He tali. J bad iobtlmt I ever wrottoth. plica. I am Innocent ol mMderingMm." W. anrchid bla hou^ aod found two fSkStSiuT « » Ilooi In Which tho ttopton- Une Ttrm and payment- HSH^ fSfl mSvodU Cropton. but nothing further wuloimd. on Ke^ Tdi? T? S. t to liitlnghmn to e"? ™ • pads and throe- pron « e< l lortWe « « mw ^ d alter comln « to a UeyXT ffi ft SLSTth. chin. A Pte » ofrew mmd the » ecK on. " « 5e Mm the ureal cutlon that whrt he jdd might called Inipector MchoUon to me, and wa wens mvo m SrSH^ S:! there till . bout. week before I WM coming away. I SogbaSL No on. h « l any concern In It but mya^. thehouaewith m. id waltifewrnmutea, until I h£ written • Kysr Ts « ROBERT CHABIEE." .. ... „„ Charter read It over In my presence a « follows . me be oil daylight and then I would tee He then reu £? o to hTiega » d got the gun. I met Ihi » ' rtjg. toton. raitened myaelf In the bedroom for moit an tou^ Tdii not think fflve Joseph recha blow I hid no Ughtof killing " bla been uid there wa. a great deal of money In tbe houre. Do you know mtythlug of thktf Wltneaa: Ko: it la aald ao. The bureau wia locked IhSSZ&. TW b » t •" « » ! deed.. O?. dSd, worth Jf SiiinSSS 1 Wp'^ hended William Hardwlck, fm. r olLaatinghim, on Friday, Hema, ried Chartera diugMer When I apprehended him I charged him with belnc^ ES.. Heana-' ered. " I know nothing ^ W'th" I only took the letter to Uverp^ L Charter came to my home aome time on Monday night rollee- iergTOitslImildei, of Pickering, narrated tint on JSiK?" t" 1""" Charter, at four o'cloik iTthealteraoon Juatread. volunteered the cSnfeauZ ^ SSZSW1- " l0 "" over iaat W. dneaday „? Coro''" ,> 1J " neceinry to have Charter pre- to'hltoSgf 5 ' t& S""" ™ bivo The Jury, however, wiahed to aee the priaouer and Bey went uVbodr to hia cell. He w » lymg on hla paj « ', J? ® S, head propped up and partly bound. Such oi Ma face aa waa vhiftue waa not at all forbidding. ^ The Coroner explained to him the nitnre of Jo' told him ho might make any expiation he wiahed aa there bad been at. tSienta given In evidence with which he wai aerlonaiy concerned. Chirter, in i weik voice, md ipeakingyerrUowly, » dd he hid mthlig toaay atpreaent. Alter an Intenal. he added, tfathehad told " th. ae gmU. men,- meanmg. tho pollCj ... r. thlnc he knew By and byo ho aald. In reply to a lhiel Srk% m th. ^ ronlr, he ' had nothing OB "•^•{ fo of at preaent, thathli head wu verr Jirry, and tint he could not think. . , . The Coroner, opon the return of the party into court. Bammed np th. cue, reminding the jnry that Charter's second confession was a direct admiaaon of mnrder on his part. , . , After a shortabaencc, tho jury retnmed a verdict of " Wilful Murder " agiinBt Robert Charter. With reference to th. prisoner's suggestion that hia nepho. waa devoured by pig., it i. known thatrn the fofl yard at the time there were eight ialf grown and half starved pigs kept. The search has been continued, and fa- ther dis- coveries were made on Sunday and Monday on tho farm of the murdered man Wood. On Monday some bones, supposed to be those of the boy, were foundjn manio spread in afield, and it « said tho mantle in which the bones were found came from the told- I* The younger Charter was sst at liberty on Monday, there being no evidence against him. _ The examination of the elder Charter and Hard wick is fixed for next Monday, and is expected to last two days. The funeral of tie murdered man WW took place in CroptouChurchyard, on Tuesday. sion started from lh? police station, Pickering, at eleven o'clock. A heme contained the remains, enclosed in i pUin coffin covered with black cloth, bearing the in; scrSion, " JoKph Wood, diri 1872, ugfl SS Tiree mourning copies, cont^ ning relauoul at deceased end friends, and Superintendent JOMS and Inspector Nicholson, and nine other carnage! ifottowod the remains. There was a lirge crowd at Pmk ™ ? S Uld Cropton, and great interest waa evinced, ine Rev Walter Turner, vicar of MIddleton Uld Cropton, officiated, the Kev. R. D. Eastcrby, Lastmgiam, being also present. Tie service • « velT 2lthe farmers and otiers from tie ne^ h^ uiW, alio many from Malton, Scarborough, and Kosedale, " TIISS for further remains of tie irirag b° T was continued on Tuesday. Tie bone, already found m- dude thigh, leg, shoulder, and nb bones, ind parts ot the skull. Allshow traces of having been gnawed. On Monday evening some thieve* J » i* a which waa atandtogiSSat 1 hiyrick. entered tie drea^ J- SSr of the Lady ISJSeai. " tie rertdmc « of U » Lurd Londo^ FairUat H » ue. Hlgkvta, qtumtlty ol mourning Jewellery belonging to ter Ijdjglfc Saiilueof abort cm. tte Order of the MedJIdi. ccnlwred by theealun < m tao EJd andw, me u « dea highly pri » d tj the tamW. SLord Miytr ind Ma limliy woo dhdng it tte tfcne, IB) Ux thieves managed to ercipe. SPDTTEEINGS FROM " JUDYS" PEN. Tit's ® . ACCOCT- nm buampr. hU » « it the banker's. CHURCH Belles— The ricar* « danghtcn. A S XBXSJ5Q face- The church clock. : EzADrncATios— Bitter « le. THE SaTlng Oawi— Hands clntchlng the drowning man. Doss It not seem to be strange that the public should find their coal more when the owners hare all agreed to coal£ 4eer If twenty grains make a scruple, how many wffl be required to make a doubt! ^ J^ toree miles make a league, how many wffl make a con TKrra for Sinners— Pretests. POPULAR Diet among the Mormons Spare- rib. UxMPKDtxBLB Bond.— Vagkbonda THS Original Watorworki— BTE" S « yec Tel greateat Army Contractor— Peace, HAHKLKSS PugUiam— Striking attitude. ITU nicer to aee thin feellUdyacuH. Strings Bed- dothe » — Three aheeu In the wind. TUB greateat Want of th. Age- Want of eaah. gliS"'"" f" 1118 meloua, they ripen under Man FOB atcmt0B3.-- mit poor Jovts, who wu miuei ao long, has at laat been found- morriii QUKtT.— Can a plain cook bo alao a pretty oner " X00 bo blowid," aa the gardener aUd to Ma orotic ^ cot tu the right / ram* for that," u thoexotlca the gaidelor taken panel enough for Jou, anyhow," aald ! » • volom. of Jn, r bound In old calf, like the Bock ot Gibraltar '- Became It u toand to laal. ^^ DokXBTra— Whit Bomau Emperor do dUcontonted couple! S ™ „ WL° f thej ' M ™ 1 "> " » Divorce Oourtl- Whv, Sfivut- Ps, of couno ~ y/ ud] l CUTTINGS FROM AMERICAN PAPERS. In So TJancfaco hang, the sign of a Chiasm waah- jmui, wMch reads thna :-" Washing and Ironing, by Wa ., ^ Mflwaokie paper has this delicate personal item :— 0* 0,, who know Mce old Mr. Wllion, of thU pla « . peraouaily, will regret to heu that he w^ amulid Ui a brutal mannerlaat week, but wai not killed." 11^ wh., BU! ™ 8? tiat " trieins tew define love is .1" bowyu kumto brat• thru the ice: ill J" M M ind gofducked." " ii" aayahU critic, " you tingallant old Jolh, you get adust" *?' lr' TP' 1 " V transparenrfc, torch Ughti, drums, braia handi, glee dubi, cheen, yelli SMiterapSr^ deieripUon ol a poutlcil meeting in • Tho Green Bay ( Mc.) post- office officials don't like to inawer question. The following, ported over the general "'"" V. erpre,.,, sentlmraU :_ Kprice of th4e- ee" t ceutaeach; licked and stuck, nr. cei" tTeaeb • the clock will inawer the question-' Hu to nuUcliS?"" . b^, ™ ™ f£ pyeT u ™ refers thit one if SSf" to 1 cut glue decanter with a muMe^ ™ i° J",. 1<' mS' fi IbSSnloualy caaed in opaque glaST StS'"?'" to' pour out wine statu the music, ind "• lectlona from the beat operas are exquUltely played. A Missourian, who stole a kiss from a pretty girl, ™ oildby a magistrate, horae- wMpped byher Drotber, uid hurried hito oStodn fever by Us wife. The c" Oman { dluded to the aflalr In a aermon, the local editor toMt . Idea with to clergymiu and reviewed the cao In print, andthopotatobl^ UcTp everyUaie ol the nutataotort It is pleasint to become a parent j twice ss pleasant, perhaps, to^ bs blessed with tAns: but Whsn t come, to tritdeu we are a little dubloui Kow there dw. lU Ini Je Jer- aouMunty. Wlaconaln. a worthy German, who a few years KO wrTiJisented by hUwil. with . son. Hans aald to h « , " KatilnS dat lab goot" A year later the go^ women placed be/ ore his artonlahed gsx. abouudng pstrf t- ln., 1- VeL" said Hana," dat vash pettar aah der Oder dims : I trhdta Zrtk>| ls" Ser ondat.'• But th. pod woman next tlmb gave birth to trip eU and tot made Mm " spoken hiamoutshush. Uddle." '' MetaGottJiUtrine: Vat tab dar matter on your Petter you abtop dU plrueaa lire der oome a village lulL I goU null mlt lUch foolish- neia 1" No later returna have been received. BABT WHOHTB.— At Independence, Kansaa, TJ. S., America, on tbe 11th ulth, Mr.. John Miller, lite of QUa- gow, Scotland, a twelve- pound daughter. AMEBIOAN MOBDEE JOKES.— This is how- a para- Kpb in a Weatern paper rooorda a suldde.—' He blew Ma d o « . Bilious, poor, and dlabeartened. The gunmuaalo in Ma mouth, Ma tee on to trigger, and up goea hia hair. NEVEB THERE.— A veteran observer saysI never place reliance on a man who U telling what he would havo done had he been there. I have noticed that somehow this kind of people never get there." GOLDEM HUE BEATJUEI- The Ifai Tork Mail complains that the abominable practice of artiflcUl beauti- fying haa become very prevalent among to young ladlea ol [ bit city, numberaof whom die their hifr golden, fresco their face, and practUe other toilet deception! THE PIANO NOT HEB FORTE.— The following adreitlaem. nt recently appeared In . New York paper :— " Sd to learn but g. v » » S. WH1 ^ 11 Pjano. rtwl. cover, and hymn- book for 160 dollars. A few dollin ciih. Addreaa • Old Bach,' Eerald Office." EPITOME OF NEWS, BBITISH AND FOREIGN. ^ An Edncation Bill has been read a Becond time bv the Parliament ol Victoria. y , Merchant'" savB the John Butt, haa given £ 6,008 to the Bishop ot Winchester's Fund. It is now definitively settled that the Prince of Wales will visit Chatsworth on Dec. 17. John B Gough is making efforts to raise a testi- M0dS£ fcie 186CruiklllAnk' ^^ subscribed ^ jH° yEi°' i. Yi ™ ^ *** Rented a new corded ' given the name" m6talU- Mr. Edwin Cadmto, of Sheffield, at one time cla! turdaysged^ BDd estates of Newburgh, died on Sa- . ot the flooring of the entrance to the Odd- fellows ConMrt- room, Halifax, gave way on Saturday night, under a sudden rush. About one hundred lads were pr£ • elpiuted Into vault below. Eleven were Injured. I Mr. Morley, M. P., on Tuesday, laid the foundation " one of a new Congregational church In the midst of the Colleges at Cambridge University. It 1. to cost £ 12.000. The hon. gentleman promised to add £ 250 to his subicriD- Kmdebt0, ° n CQamoa ^ ^ was opened fcle : From April 1st to the 16th tout, the Treasury re- celpta amounted to £! 2,525, SS3- an Increase of about two millions and a half as oompared with the corresponding period I S. f^ i . has been £ iiJ27.677: On 1 last the taknee In the Bank of i^ igland was £ 4,329,068, and In that ol Ireland £ 1,068,126. Two disastrous fires are reported from America ; one at Eoston. which Is said to have endangered State- street, and to have occasioned a loss of two hundred thousand dollars: the other at Brooklyn, where a Urge grain ware- house has been burnt down, the loss being estimated at eight hundred thousand dollars. In a case which came belore him on Saturday the Master of the Bolls In Dublin ruled that as to the claim of Miss Unthank, who had entered the Presentation Convent in limerick, she, having been professed as a nun, and having received the £ 4,000 bequeathed her in that event to her father's win, was precluded from further participation in the assets of the testator. :. .., Torquay is much perplexed which to choose of the three rival systems ol dealing with her sewage Mr. Bazaleeette proposes throwing it In its raw condition into the sea but to this plan the majority of the Inhabitants object. Another scheme is to purify it bv irrl^ atin^ but jhecost of pumping renders this very costly. A third plan is to de- i odorise the sewage in tanks, and at their last meeting the Local Board voted a sum of money for tho investigation of | General Scott's or any other tank system. A curious literary parallel is pointed out in connec- tion with the death of Mr. Thomas Bilby. for more thanja quarter of a century the parish clerk of Islington, who passed away recently at the sge of 78. He was the author of the popular hymn, " Ob, that wffl be joyful." Tbe parallel Is found In Mr. Bilby's life- story and that of the old Scottish schoolmaster, Mr. Andrew Young, formerly English master In the Madras College, St. Andrew's, who wrote the hymn. " There is a happy Uad," which has enjoyed a measure of popnlarity second only to that won by Mr. Bilby's verses. Both of these hymn writers were school- masters. During the week ending Saturday Iaat 5,193 births and 8,063 deaths were registered in London and twenty other large cities and towns ol the United Kingdom. The mor- tality from all caores in these towns was at ths rate of 22 deaths annually to evoy l. OOOpeiions estimated to be living. In tbe metropolis, 2,218 births and 1,1= 3 deaths were re- gistered, the former having been 67, and the latter below the average. Thirteen persons died from rai » ll- r> ox. 7 from measles, 14 from scarlet fever, 6 from diputnsna, 32 trom whooping- cough, 22 from diflerent forms of fever, , and 16 from dlarrtma. In the aggregate, the deaths from the seven diseases were no less than 210 below the corrected average number in the corresponding week of the last ten ! J ears. London, therefore, continues to b^ rtmarkablrtao froK the prevalence of rymoUc disease Diacises of U* » • iginaoij orgau aad gfa& aU caastd deatf* ShcffieH trustees propose toeet apart Dart " SfgpZ u. d JameaEuasidl iowell pa'y, oi. oTlS di£ ' "" ^ r£ l°& oo'ES£ C~' " ^ memoir In Pret ,„ So ™ . Eoblin icBseholdei, have been heavily fined for permitting . reekleu wut. ol w. Ur on thSr iiiiSi Limsrick. st an early hour on Siturday monSt l^ SS HOWBOU received a gun shot wound M toTStoii F^ Sd conaequencea are not anticipated. ' urcneaj. The printers in the Edinburgh book and iohMn ® , ara A portion of the military clothes taken from the FrwichlortreBsea by to Prnadui. hoi been. old. to BertM Hieculitora for £ 17,000. Tbe " Contntlum MJ now re- turned tbo ippirel to tho French government for MS. 000, thi clearing iSncthlng like 16 per cent on to lob. On Monday . veiling two men . ere. saSocated at Crookaon'a laotory. lead ameltere, near North SMeldi. iney furore, when on. of them pulUd . brick oil ol ft, ind the gis rushed out and auUocited torn belore autatince could be rendered. Two Japanese theologians have expressly to Berlin to aoqnalnt thema. lTes with the sUte of thrirtliultr m Germany? They are at prea. ut taking l^ nt. through m EtSStir, from br. llsco, i well- known clBrgymm ol Ihe Liberal achool, Tie WatmxntUr Journal of October 15, 1796, ducribes a cue ol hydropbobU, In which to im » of rib- worU the rib grau) waa admlulatcred with great aucceai « J worth nouS In oonnetflon with tbU ato^ that on. cause " iSSathlo hydrt. phpobl. In dog. U" sa d^ be their Ming prevented from physicking themaeiv* with graaa It is not generally known that the Poet Shelley at one tlmo ol hfi Hie waa an agiUtor In Ireland, and contended • tontly for " Home Eule." ThU. with many other new facta uid writmga of th. poet, will be given M the raw Lyftof ShtlUi/, by Mr. DeMa FlorenceSlaccirthy, whichwUl ahortly bo published. In Lancashire there are twenty- nine societies of feSsTaSno with curiona tltlcs- ee " fsmsle Druids, " Kmle Foreatets," " 0 « nd » ; tort » °' Females," " Star of HlndUy Odd Femalea, and " Grand UMon Daughters ol Temperance." wh^ h^ llera'& ffi,^^ isssass. .' srassum^ satt the aatonlahed and bluahlng gentleman with 1 hope thitiS would loon be admitted into partneraMp. Of tho eight now pontoon bridgesi taildiug over the EMne between Alsace and Baden that at HUMn « ni his J « st been opened, and, on an average, U ooaaed by 6.000 A correspondent of the PhoUvraphic jfctel Bend; « 1 » fohowing lormnla lor an lnconodlble lnk:- Aaphaltom oil of turpentine loa: dtoolre, md add lamp-_ blaok an Indent to bring It to a consistency to use with a camels K pencil on the glass. Alkallea, aclda, qr Iodine will hot dealroylt. The Bishop of Natal has in the press " Twenty, slx popular Leoturea on the Pentateuch an J the Moablto Mooe with appendlcea, oontalning- l The EloMatlo Nuretlvsln SS5;, ™ The Original Story of the Exodua: 8. The Pre. Christian C.- ota. The work wUl appear on the 1st ol January. — Ithrnccwn. . A Swedish lady, the Countess Skenns, has arrived In Paris with the Intention ot organising there a. new expe- dltlou— a feminine one— for th. succour of Dr. Uvlngjtone, is ahe thinks tbe woik dons by Mr. H. Siuiley U uotsuffl- dent. She state, that ahe well Vows Centrel Africa vbU She explored In company with her huibind; mid she aUeg, that aba la personally acquamted with all to cMeU of tho country. Guernsey, the fireman, who lost his life at the great l fire m the City Flour Mills last week, was buried" in a I semi- public way* on Saturday, in the Abney Park Cemeteir. not far from the graves of Mr. Braldwood and of Ford, who I also fell a sacriflco to their duty, under circumstances some- , what similar. An American paper states that the only persons , left at tbe Tip top House on Mount Washington are three | signal officers, who are Sapped with a large stoek ct eojj, I four barrels of onions, aboat 40 hams, 20 bushels of poUtoes, a good supply of canned goods, and all manner ofRroceries in prolusion, a violin, harmonlcoti. a good- sixed library, Mid large quantities of newspapers, and otber tip- top material to enable them to speud a pleasant winter. The police of Paris have just made a descent on the CarrlfirM d'Amfirlque and airested about 60 vagabonds. In their stores were found quantities ol provisions, hams, piles de foie gras, geese, rabbit-, chocolate, sausages, rum. lanlseed, and even champagne. Their wardrobe waa equally well furnished. In the mi fist of blouses and overooats, a doian different costumes were found, ot harlequins, rarxs, Spaniards, & o. All these articles were ol course the produce of theft. It is said that at the time of the three Emperors conference the ex- King of Naples sentM. de Canofari, one of his former MinUters, to Berlin, to Induce tho assembled Sovereigtw tolntercede In his'behalf with King Victor EmminueL HU petition was that his private property should be restored to him ; and. his wish having been com- municated to those whom it conceros at Bome. there seems to be some prospect of its being fulfilled, provided the ex- King engages to abstain from all political agitation. A large meeting was held at Torquay on Mondav I night in aid of ChSrch and SUte. The Earl ol Devon ad- dressed the meeting, and declared that wvcranceof the union between Church and State would be most detrimental to the country, as the State would thereby be divested of that which bad contributed greatly to its lustre. Arch- deacon Karle advocated reform" without which Church de- fence would not be of much avalL Archdeacon Emery and other speakers addressed tho meeting, which was a very enthusiastic one. •• Mine.— May God bless and preserve you now and for ever I I am working and trying hard to do and to be all you wish, and all that m » y help you in your fight. I can bear everything if only I can know that you are welUand brave, an* strong, and happy ; and Ism happier fortostaying to make thlssacriOce for you. since I believe it will belpyou now and in the future. For my « ke take grieat ewe of youx health, and be brave and good. My heart is and always wffl be In the right place. My lovefor you can only change to become strongei and better. Whatever bappms n trouble and In happiness I am ever, as ever, yours."- Advertl* ement I In The Timet. On Monday the death was announced of Mr. Jamea Capel ( aged 84), head of the firm of James Capel and Co^ the oldMt member ot the Stock- Exchange, and formerly Chair- man of the Board ot Managers. He was also for many yean rt. irm. n of the Committee of Spanish Bondholders. Mr. Capel came up to London from a small village nea* Worces- ter and went into the office of Edmund Antrobu4 and O., of the Stock- Exchango So valuable did he become, that as soon as his aae JustlQ- d a partnership, ashare ln th* busings TO offered him with the fnU sancUon of old Mr. Coutts, the banker, who was consulted In the matter. From that time to the present— about 62 or 63 years— he has been 4 member of the London Stock- Exchange. Ih Dresden glycerine is generally used in place of water in gas meters ; after It_ has bem so usedlfor some years it becomes foul, and requires purification. Ike fluid Is tot heated for twelve hours to from'tOto CO defeees. snd next to from 150 to 180 degrees to order to elimlniU[ wafc » , ammoniac . I compounds, and other volatUe ImpuritlM^ the elfoericTu Mxt filtered over granulated animal charooaL lifme 3W 400 cwfe of glfcerine are annuaUy purlfled in this manner at Dresden. The American Drakes aasembled ^^^^ ew York, and Indulged in a very JfOK Md intwested cackla 1 her all Uy claim to a share of the property leit by the celebrated FrancU Drake, which U no w estimated to be worth ffiS^ d^ ars. The " heirs" to the, United 8taUs have formed tbemwlves Into an assocUUon, with a censtitotion Sid ^ e- Uws. They hold a meeting twice a year. ter oltener, tocoiuU on measures to be taken, and receive inch lmor- m& tlon as may have been gleaned in the meantime. The as- iodatlon has resolved to adopt new and vigorous measures in prosecution of 1U claims. Are Drakei at homa here going to allow their namesakes In America to make " ducks and drake*" ef the vast property In question t Tbe hearing of the adjouhied summonses Against the apeak era at the Hyde- part Demonstration ol the ird Inst, waa resumed on Monday at Mariborough- street Police- Court A test case- that ot James Bailey— only was taken, and evidence having been given tending to show that the defend- ant had contravened the rules made under the na » E^ gulation Act, Mr. Baker Greene addressed themagttttM* contending that the charge had no foundation; and U^ t there bdLg a right to speak In the Park according to the Act, the rule prohibiting ppblic meetings wsavofcL The Magistrate, however, considering that the rules had bera pro^ rly made, and werrl^ aQy Id foroe tapc^ d sp^ Jty of £ 5, As notice ol sfped was given, tbe case over ilr. lW XIcol, M. P. for Kincardinahiro, diod OM Sstuniay m London. . , . j The firet batch of Cccuntmisk prtsoiera have arrived at Now Caledonia. _ . . . Oysters from Chesapeake Bay,'% irgftvU, are shipped In large numbers to England and France. The British- American Commission under the^ ajh- Ington Treaty has allowed claims to seven EngliahnlBB amounting to 40.000 dollars. A rich naptha spring has been discovered in to p- Tinoe of Caserto, nsir Nsples. and U now being worked by a I Milanese Arm. Plil'^ lTlriWfi ™ ' 1^. 1" Court of Common oSifSkttJn^ "> olsctlon ol . Ciolera hiving broken out in Atutri. American paper asserts thit much of the pro- X'ttScut lsX." MtJd] ag p~ pl. u^ K Pin. ultra ol sty I. In e^ ulp^. In SeTvSk ' " » It apppeare that the expense of th. ballot at the oent munlclpu Section st Giton wu aKl fill 5 . SnSS V"' 1^, b7 • '- rfnl hurricans, U, e <"'"" kingdom wllh Urrlde , ro » ajrsril 1M[. were wrecked, whol. dUtricU Inundated , hwgeimoutit of prepay Outre, cd, uld n ™ y | S » Tho reibody dwelling, in K. Pffi0*,; dividend of tlve per oent per annuuv It U llk. » tot o, w bulldluga on th. sune primlplo will ahortlr h. erected In to metropolU on a jtrj large scale. ... The crop of olives at Nice is remarkably abundant thuiid ™ and U ullmaUd. lor to dlatrlot corrupondlng ^ to'forme. prorinc.. at a sum of twelv^ lllo^ lhl. la the largest yield remembered during to preaeut century. An ariltocmtic Ns » York tailor is engaged m svSSnJrSwof olothe. to conrist entirely of a cravit: Ihrt " Si rtid about tbe l « dy from neck to ankle, end be lis- tened with i dllmoad pi A Trafalgar hero still survives in the psraon ot t£ 3iinsSSl Knaertr who rererf to that action sj. volunteer on board Ma M. luty'a aMp DlJwtt forB yeu, ago on th. hill- pay ol tbo York CMaaeure. 1 It is proposed in London to utilise the tramways fa the very eaily houra ol the morning when there U s. ijh ,4- n/ The design Is to run on th. Hues suitibla Sram Wri. ror ilSK b> which th. dirt and rehua ™ to EfnESSs tould b. irrl~ l « •> to • dUtanca " We are glad to leam, on tho tat authority that ,„.. ' tbre. months th. Imprevement In llr. businessU still a matter of uncertilnty. — Daily Alts!. Sir John Lubbock, fa a lettor to TU 1J » 1 « J mulgate. to optolon tot tho weekly return ol to Bu> k of England should be altered In form, so U to show to do- " .-,„ it bold, belonging to other bank. H. communicaUd Eontoton to the ch Jrtnui ol to Court of Dire . tore wlth- SSS2? ItU Ptonablo tot Blr John wUl bring to, mitur t « lore th. Houao ol Commona. where hs haa orlgt., nitod several Important measure, with succwa. The Army and Nary OaMU mentions a^ propcWto At Nottingham, on Monday night, a toroaugati mseting was held in th. Oreat iuket oW to prourt Sdnrt i proposal oi to School Boart lo flwnd ™ New SchooU. It * u aUeged by the sp~ k ™ eSstlug accommodation would sufflco tor 1.0M chudren, Ss^ id It was resolved to memorelue to'Oovsriunent to sent down an Inspector to Inquire Into to matter. , The continuation of the Thame. EmbantoMit to Chelsea Umaking rapid progreaa. aa wall aa tho k'igenuo wo'kTfo ™ toS'rthern low level naln sewer and two " Stnga ° of men ol BOO each ire it work nlgM ind day 1. ef- feSiVtose Immense oporattona With a W> rd from vi, Millars to Chelsea and the riverway weU lighted, this Sl^^ t miktShe" methlngIorLondouonto be prond( ° Vhat has becomeof a potato introduced from Chill some toty years ago by tbe ftoy al nortlcultural Bocletv It ™ Sd'to aapuagua p. Uto, Irom to ISchlte tubers hsd to tbe llanched shoots. of t^ t UM? Altec its Introduction It grew wslt spreaj „ ,,„ somehow or other It now seoms lost to tha For UM. purr » » , It. loos nurow tubere » « . delicious. , .. . , Whit were tbo Comnranhts who destroyed PartoT, Nine srers sboemakera. six condemned thieves, lour un-. tocked^ riuU, lour working l. well. r. tooJunchhaok^! four halt, three loafers, two liberated convicts, twoassas- rimf, t ™ fowts. two itore, two aerobe, two ke. p « . rt disreputable houses, two one- eyed men, one stable toy, a| „ B rabbit- skin merchant, a cooper, a staymakar, SS^ mdSu. I What. respectable governing body I THE MARKETS. MARK- T, AVE.— MONDAY. The grain trade at Mark- lane to- day opened with stoadl- ness. but closed rather more quietly. The actual bualnsM concluded hss been moderate. 8hort suppltoi of English wheat have been on sale, and there has been a con tinned scarcity of fine samples. The demand has been quiet. Choice de- scriptions have been steady in value. Other sorts have been, somewhat irregular. There has been a fair supply of foreign wheat on offer. The trade has been quiet on former terms. Fine malting barley has been steady In value. Grinding and distilling sort* havo been quiet. Malt has sold at late rates. Oats have been In moderate request at previous ^ quo- tations, with fair supplies on offer. Maize has been dull, at) about late prices. Not much derosml for beans, and pricer have receded is. p* r qr. Peas dull, and drooping In value. Flour has been dull, at last week's prices. MAKK- LANE.- WSDNEKDAT. . h,. hi- rn a fair amou. it o| steadiness in the grsln trlde. On" . Amti . Ipply of ol"! but there ha. been, large- HOW ol foreign samples to demand has b, en ateedy, at W ssSSaSffiS: ™ , S hive been dull, but wlthoit lurtber change. M16TBOPOUXAN CATTLE MABKET.- M05D1T. In the cattle trade today tore baa been much bearituu . nSrSt. The aupply on oHer has been good, and In SSSToi requlremenU. Prices, In consequence, ha. o given wsy. Englub beuU hiva come mort freely U, band, ud hive experienced a alow aHo. The but bsjed. mvo tallen 2d.. and Inferior quilltleahave been Id. per fllb. low « . The extrime quotitlon lor the beat BcoU has been £. 10d. pes 81b. There has beeniUrge number ol IrUh cow. onsU.. Ke foreign recelpU hive been only modorite, and. being of lndlllerant qulllty, hive reillsed Irregulircurrencies. Kom, Lincolnshire we received about SO, Irom Moerterahlr e aboot| OS fjomllerefo, diw, Irom other parts ol EngUnd abouj « S ind torn Ireland iboct S00 h » rt. ind " J sas. ay •" Kfe& ttsr SS hS- breds ei 8d. to « s. » r~ r Sib. hu Mm, " cosptod- State Dutch aheap hire re^ l- odO. » ito Jtliw. Mb. Calves hive met i slow sile. Pigs have been In moderito N- q" Mt Per gib. to sink ths oflaL SATURDAY, NOVEMBBB ! 3,187S frniMWitte. J A PANESE. Polytechnic Hall, Foimoiitli. Last Day, Saturday 23rd, November. Day Performance, all 3 o'clock this afternoon. TAJSTN^ AJCKK'S The only Originial JAPANESE TROUPE Twelve Males . and Females, Who have appeared at this Crystal Palace, also at the Paris ^ Exhibition. Tommy, the Wolf, Little all Right, a Lady Rope and Wire Walker; Tub and Door Spinning, and 101 other Novel Feats never attempted by any other Performers. Prices 3s., 2s., Is.; also 6d. N. B.— The pro- prietor begs to state that this is the first visit; and is quite different to anything that may have visited your town before. SEE BILLS AND CIRCULARS. POLYTECHNIC HALL- Matthews Qtoro.' s Minstrels. Vy aWD W F. Walktt, the Queen's Jester. For two nights only, \ Saturday and Monday Nov. 30, and Deo. 2.— Prices 2a., Is., and 6d. ( Saturday oxAyV Tickets for 1st and 2nd seats to be had at Mr. R. C. RIC^ ARDS'S. Polytechnic Hall, Falmouth. COMMENCING TUESDAY, DEC. 3BD. FOE A SHORT SEASON ONLY. THOMAS'S1, GREAT Diorama of America, CANADA AND THE FAR WE8T, im COMBINATION CONCERT PARTY. Miss FLORENCE LESLIE, the eminent Solo Pianiste and talented Prima Donna. Mr. OXLEY NASH, the ( popular Basso and Instrumentalist, and N egro Comedian. Mr. WASHINGTON PRICE, the greatest Negro Artiste in the World, the Champion Bone and Banjo Player, Comedian Vocalist and Dancer. Mr. J. CLARKE, the eminent & popular lecturer Mass DABLAY, R. A., Pianifite from the princi- pal London Concert Halls. OBAin^ ILLUMINATED DAY PERFORMANCES, SATURDAY, at 3. Admission — Reserved Seats, 2s. Second Seats, Is. Back Seats, 6c. Schools and Children adnitted at]' half- price to First and Second Seats only Doors open at 7- 30 ; commence at 8 o'clock. Can iages ordered for 10.15. General Ma nag : r. Mr. J. O. NASH. ( tafral, 5, Marlbro' Ro/ tl, Falmouth. TO BE LE^ Kt/ Genteel RESIDENCE, No. 5fyVIafi » DO' Bond, now in tho occu- pation of C^ pbt Taoker, R. N., comprising 9 Apartments, C? araen and conveniences. Apply on tho Premises, or to / Mr. E. CHARD, / No. 3. HarlW Road. Bottomry. \\ TANTED, aboW £ 2000 Bottomry on the ' ' French Btttale f PABALOS," Captain Chauvelon, and \ eirCiwgo, consisting of Tallow, Fish Oil, Lard, anS Itydes, and on her Freight, from here bound to Havre. Sealed Tenders to/ be sent in to M. VAN WEENEN, French Consular Agent at Falmouth. 22nd November, 1872. THE FALMOUTH llarbour Comwisponers PESIBE TO RECEIVE TENDERS foJ THE SUPPLY 6 Reefing Jackets , 6 Pairs of Troasens flat Pilot Cloth) 6 Best Knitted BldeyGjiernsey Frocks G Oil Coate^ nd Lefpigs, and 6 Caps. M / / Tenders, accompanied by Samples, to be sent to the Harbouif Master's Office, on or before the 28th instant. Further information may be obtained on application to the Jlarbour Master. By order, W. J. GENN, Clerk. Dated Falmouth, 19th Nov., 1872. L —— © jie lalraoutii & Jfenrp Peekly Sim SATURDAY, NOV. 33, 1H72. FALMOUTH. 1 ACTIVE MEN, resident in the Towns, 4c., throughout the United Kingdom, and having time to call on Shopkeepers, will hear of a profitable COMMISSION AGENCY, on application bv letter to M., No. 39, South- ampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London. Wanted. APERSON to « upply Shipping with Clothing, and a Person to supply Boots and Shoes. Apply at the Offices of this Paper. Falmouth United District Sewerage Works- To BUILDERS, CONTRACTORS, 4 OTHERS. THE Falmouth UJiited District 8ewerage Board are deairous of receiving TEN- DERS for the CONSTRUCTION of certain WORKS, comprising^ the Excavating Foun- dations, providingjand fi/ ing Sheet Piling, making Concre<^ F& n » dations, and erecting Masonry Walls theteijnjitr the Market Strand Outfall, according itfvplans and specifications which may be seenat/ the Office of the United District Sewerage ^ Bopd. Falmouth; or the Engineer, Mr. Edwar^ Ellis, Exeter, of whom every information for carrying out the said works can be obtained. Tenders marked ? Sewerage Works," are to be sent to me op. or before the 2nd day of December next. The lowest or Any tender will not necessarily be accepted. f By order of the Board, W. WARN, Clerk. Dated Falmouth United District Sewerage Board Office, 2o'h Oct., 1872. W. EL PELLQW, Baker, Confectioner, and Tea Dealer, NO. 9, AJIWENACK STREET, Pickles, Sauces, Marmalades, Jams, & c, W0UC£ S11K SAUCE SIXPENCE PER BOTTLE. THE CHAPEL AT EARLE'S RETREAT. — The Rev. C. Burgess will preach hero tomorrow after- noon, at 3 ; and the Rev. Jenkin Jones on Tuesday evening next, at 7. MAILS LANDED.— The steamer " Galatea," Captain Morrison, of the Ryde line, arrived off the harbour from the River Plate and Rio de Janeiro, on Sunday morning, and after transhipping seven packages of mails and despatches, she proceeded direct to ^ London without having ancnored ' or entered the harbor. Her news is anticipated by the arrival at Lisbon on the 12th instant of tho Royal Mail steamer " Boyne." THE DISABLED STEAMSHIP.— We are glad to find that the resources of the port are fully equal to the heavy repairs required by the machin- ery of the s. s. " Helvetia," which vessel was towed into the harbour in a disabled state, as stated iu our last week's impression. The work is being effected at the Dock s Foundry, by the energetic proprietors, Messrs. Cox, Farley & Co.— The five steamera which towed tho disabled steamer into the harbour have received £ 125 for their services ; £ 20 have been awarded to each of four Falmouth steamera, and £ 45 to the London steamer. SMALL POX.— Two of the seamen belonging to the disabled passenger steamer " Helvetia,' have been landed here and conveyed to the infect- wards of the workhouse, suffering from small pox. Mr. Moyle, tht relieving officer, on being called on to care for them, made enquiries as to amount of wages due, and was informed by the purser that only a few shillings were owing to each. It has since transpired that they were entitled to from £ 8 to £ 9. If this had been known to the relieving officer, who only deals with destitute cases, the town authorities would have been com- pelled to provide the sufferers with accommodation, Where would they have been placed. TOWN COUNCIL.— The following committees were appointed at an adjourned meeting of the Council:— Watch Committee— The whole Council. Finance— Messrs. Banks, Dunning, Halligey, J. J. Richards, Rundell, Scott, and Woredell. Ordnance and Harbour — Messrs. Lean, R. C. Richards, Thomas, John Webber, and J. J. Richards. Li- brary— Messrs. Broad, Carne, Fox, R. C. Richards, Thomas, and J. Webber. Letting— Messrs. Banks, Dunning, Fox, Halligey, and Scott. Boundary- Messrs. R. C. Richards, Scott, Worsdell, and Dunning. The Mayor to be chairman of all com- mittees. A dispussion took place with reference to the appointment of the town crier, but the subjoct was further adjourned. CORPORATION DINNER.— TUe dinner of the Corporation took place at the Royal HoteJ, pi> Tuesday last. Mr. W. Selley, Mayor, presided, and the company included tho principle officials of Penryn as well as Falmouth. The usual toasts drinking took place. The Rev. W. Randall, ( In cumbent of Penwerris and the Rev. J. E. Coulson ( Wesleyan) responded to the toast of " The clergy and ministers of all denominations," Mr. Chees- man ( collector of Customs) in replying to the toast of his health, stated that the trade of Falmouth was continually increasing. More than 1£ million tons of shipping had arrived at the port during the present year. The Board of Customs were cognizant of the increase of shipping arrivals at theport, and had given him additional assistance. This alone was a sign of the prosperity of the port, and he hid pot tho least doubt but that the mails would ult'^ mpt^ come to Falmouth. BOARD of GUARDIANS.— THE MASTER'S PEN 8ION.— At'fi' fortriightrl/ meeting of tho Board of Guardians',, held 6h ' Ihur^ lay at which there was » good attendance, the suBj'ect b? a. pension to the retiring master And matron of the : vnion was the cbW quojo? t of discnBBioh.—' The' chnh- was occupied by Capt. Norway.— Mr. Jacob Olver moved—" That tho sum of £ 20 per year to Mr. Kenwood, and £ 15 per year to Mrs. Kenwood, as master and matron, be granted." He, Mr. Olver, said it was only doing them justice in proposing that this amount be given. He did not fall in with the getting up of the memorials so as to influence the Guardians.— The Rev. W. Rogers seconded the motion. He hoped it would not be taken as a pre- cedent ; Mr. Kenwood had received severe injuries while in their service, and he believed a pension ought to be riven.— Mr. S. Jacob moved, " That Mr. & Mrs. Kenwood be given £ 50 as a present, on their retiring from office, after taking into consider- ation the injuries he received while in their employ- ment."— This was seconded by Mr. Mead.— Mr. T. Webber moved, as another amendment, which was seconded by Major Bull, " That £ 20 per annum be be granted to the master, in consequence of the treat- ment ho received by one of tho paupers, while in the execution of duty."— After a long discussion, 15 vo- ted for Mr. Jacob's motion, six for Mr. Webber's, & three for Mr. Olver's, and on Mr. Olvor's resolution being put as the original one, 17 voted against it. Mr. and Mrs. Kenwood will therefore receive £ 50 as a gratuity on retiring from office. RIOTOUS PROCEEDINGS.— A SON OF LORD ALFRED PAGET FINED.— At the Town- hall, on Wednesday last, Messrs. Selley ( mayor), T. Webber and Capt. Tucker, magistrates, were engaged up- wards of four hours hearing cases arising out of a disturbance that took place the night previously in the streets, by which P. C. Prater got roughly handled. From the position of two of the parties charged the hearing of the cases created a great deal of excitement, the Town Hall being crowded during the whole of the trial. It appeared from the evidence that several of the crew belonging to the steam yacht Cycle, owned by Lord Alfred Paget, now lying in the harbour, were ashore on Tuesday evening, and when the time for closing public- houses arrived P. C. Prater ordered the Spread Eagle Inn, where the men were drinking, to be cleared, but some of them after they were out, were desirous of entering again. One of their number forced an entrance at the back- way by breaking open a door. Prater was about to interfere when Charles Woodward, a seaman on board the yacht, caught hold of the officer and struck him. Prater then endeavoured to take Woodward into custody. Whilst he held him George Paget, son of Lord Alfred Paget, caught hold of the policeman, and with the assistance of four or five yachtsmen, succeeded in rescuing Woodward from Prater. The officer was obliged to use his " bat," and gave Woodward what he called " a good solid clout " in self- defence, as his appearance in court showed, his head being bandaged. Prater was struck a blow in the face, which, on the evidence of a man called Helman, was given him by George Paget. Wood- ward was now charged with assaulting Prater. For the prosecution, the police officer, Mr. Dash, Mr. Helman, Mr. Woon, and Mr. Haly gave evidence, and for the defence, George Cook, master of the yacht, Robert Hewitt, a merchant of London, at present on a cruise in the same yacht. George Paget was then charged with resisting the police- man in the execution of his duty. It was proved in evidence that Paget caught hold of the officer, and with others assisting him took Woodward from him.— William Rose, surgeon, on board the same yacht, was charged with inciting the mob to a disturbance.— Woodward was fined £ 2 7s. 6cL, and £ 1 17s. 6d. costs, or a month's imprisonment ; George Paget was fined £ 3 15s. 6d., and £ 1 4s. 6d. costs, or a month's imprisonment ; the case against Rose was dismissed. Mr. W. Jenkins represented all tho defendants. Woodward then charged the policeman with committing an assault on him, which was dismissed. HARBOUR BOARD.— The commissioners met on Tuesday, there being present Mr. R. R. Broad ( chairman), and Messrs. Webber, Olver, Trethowan, Selley, Bennetts, and Handcock. The clerk stated that in accordance with the resolution passed last board day, he had communicated with Messrs. Willoughby and offered them £ 10 10s. in discharge of all claims for cost of the steamboat ( the balance being £ 23 8s. 2d.), and he then read a letter from the firm stating their refusal to accept that amount. Mr. Webber moved, and Mr. Trethowan seconded, that the matter be referred to Mr. Gray, in accordance with tho terms of the contract. Mr. Handcock stated that he had been unable to obtain the particulars with reference to the time ball and gun of which he spoke at the last' meeting, but that he hoped at the next meeting to be able to furnish them. A letter was read from the harbour- master ( Capt. Sherris) acquainting the Board that the time had arrived for the men to have their usual new outfit. ^ It was resolved that the clerk advertise for tenders for supplying six suits, each suit to consist of one cap, one jacket, one pair trousers, one Guernsey jacket, aud one oil jacket, and that the'chairman and Messrs. Selley and Webber be a committee to examine the tenders and order tho clothing. A bill was presented from Messrs. Cox, Farley & Co., amounting to £ 11 3s. 6d- for two propellers for the steamboat. Mr. Hand- cock stated that he ordered them of that firm because they were the only persons in tho neigh- bourhood who could supply them. Mr. Olver objected to any individual member of the Board taking upon hlniBelf to incur expense to be paid from the funds of the commissioners. Mr. Webber agreed with Mr. Olver, and thought that tenders ( or the supply of articles required should be adver- tised for when the estimated cost was £ 10 and upwards. Mr. Handcock observed that it was not his wish personally to order any work to he executed; what he had done he considered was for the benefit of the Board ; it often happened that the harbour- master wished to confer with a commissioner on matters requiring immediate attention, and in this instance he liad been consulted by him. To meet the difficulty as far as possiblo, it was resolved, on the motion of Mr. Bennetts, seconded^ by Mr. Webber, that the whole Board be a committee to meot every Tuesday at one o'clock p. m., to transact such general business as may require attention, three to bo a quorum, the harbour- master to attend each meeting when practicable. A balance of £ 520 appearing by the treasurer's book to be in favor of the Board on the general account, the clerk was desired to request the treasurer to transfer £ 250 to the deposit account, which would make the total of that account £ 1,000. for exercise with the engine and fire apparatus, at such time and place as the Captain shall appoint"— the committee contended did not apply. A new code of rules had been framed by the brigade, taking many of the powers originally vested in the committee from them. The committee resolved on restoring them to their original form, and recommended new rules which they considered likely to prevent differences between them- selves and the brigade— requiring a CAsh- book to be kept by the brigade and to be produced for inspection of the committee quarterly. No general account of moneys received and paid by the brigade had been made known, and the committee considered that should be done. On the 31st of August a refusal to entertain any such amendments or restorations of the rules was received from the brigade, and the committee being thus brought into direct antagonism • with the brigade, determined to write the various fire insurance offices to ascertain if the funds subscribed by them had been paid with the idea that the brigade was under the local authorities or not, the committee resolving if the replies from a majority of the offices were to the effect that the payments were simply made to the brigade, they would resign. Whilst awaiting these replies the committee were informed that the brigade had resigned in consequence of the offices having been written to. The committee has since had replies from many of the insurance offices, most of which support the views of the committee. Mr. J. J. SKINNER said Lieut. Latchmore had in- formed him that the joint, committee had not met for 18 months previous to their taking the engine to Launceston, and on that occasion every arrangement for protection in case of the outbreak of fire was made. The brigade, he said, did not receive annual subscrip- tions from any insurance office, and no member received any money for services, except occasionally, when a working man lost his time. Air. Skinner said he had received a letter from Captain Olver, in which he regretted he should not be at home to attend the meet- ing, bnt that every shilling received from the fire offices had been paid to the treasurer of the brigade, and that the officers would scorn suoh mean conduct as to accept any remuneration, directly or indirectly. They had been volunteers in every sense of the word. He had canvassed for private subscriptions, got up concerts, and taken immense trouble to raise sufficient funds to carry on the brigade. He would be glad to lay his cash- book, containing a note of every pound received, before Mr. Hallamore and Mr. Skinner ; but Captain Olver denied the right of the joint committee to have the control of or examine the disposal of the funds whioh the brigade had collected. Mr. R. R. BROAD considered some steps might still be taken for the brigade to remain in their present state of efficiency ; they were a credit not only to the town but the county. Other speakers followed, expressing a belief that something might be done to heal tho differences.— Mr. LANYON, Mr. Fox, and others held that the joint committee had only done what they were bound to do. — Eventually it was agreed unanimous- ly, on tho motion of Mr. SKINNER, seconded by Mr. JACOB OLVER, that a committee, consisting of Messrs. Hallamore, Broad, Lanyon, and Fox, meet the officers of the brigade, with a view of agreeing, if possible, upon a set of rules and regulations for the government of the joint committee and the brigade, which would be acceptable alike to the several boards and the brigade ; and also for defin- ing what should be considered the private funds of the brigade. " The meeting was then adjourned. PENRYN. RAILWAY EXTENSION.— Schemes are on foot for railway extensions from the Penryn Station. One will terminate in the town of Helston, passing from the station through the parishes of St. Gluvias, Budock, Mabe, Constantine and Wendron. An- other is to terminate in a field adjoining the side of the turnpike- road from Penryn to Falmouth, and a tramway, 7ft. 6in. . wide, is to be made from thence along the turnpike- road to the Commercial road, Penryn, terminating near New Street. If thiB scheme is carried out it will connect the business part of the town, the granite works, quays and shipping, directly with the Cornwall Railway by means of the tramway and railway. The usual parliamentary notices have been given. BIRTHS, At Market Street, Falmouth on the 8th inst., the wife of Mr. Nathaniel Fox, ironmonger, a son. At Penwenack, Falmouth, on Wednesday last, the wife of H. Somerset Mackenzie, Esq., a son. MARRIAGES. At Acton Tressel Church, Stafford, on Wednesday last, by the Rev. James R. Alsop, vicar, the Rev. M. N Brougham, M- A-, vicar of Colan, to Mary Elizabeth Storey, second surviving daughter of the late John Lyle, Esq., of Bonython, Helston- At Wesley Chapel, Falmouth, on Thursday last, by tho Rev. W. Calvert, Mr. William James Sandry, of Marizion, photographer, to Miss Annie Freethy, of Falmouth. At Falmouth Church, on Monday last, by the Rev R. Matson, Mr- William Henry Penhay, baker, to Miss Sarah Ann May, both of Falmouth- At St- Leonard's- on- Sea, by the Rev- F- J. Ch de Crespigny, uncle of the bride, Clement Le Neve Foster, Esq., DSc ( formerly secretary of tho Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society and Miner's Associ- ation ), to Sophia Chevallier, second daughter of the late Arthur Fisher Thompson, Esq., of Belton, Suffolk- DEATHS. * At Bradley, St- Marychurch, Devon, November 15 Colonel John Scott Phillpotts, late H. M- B N. I. > sixth sOn of the late Bishop of Exeter, aged 52 year- At Waterloo Road, Falmouth, on Monday last, Mr Robert Crabb, painter, aged 68 years- " At High Street, Falmouth, on Monday last, Ellen, fijthe wifo of Mr. W. Behenna, aged 30 years- At Beacon Street, Falmouth, yesterday, Margaret, the wife of Mr. John Grub, mariner, aged 39 years '' A Visit to Epps 8 Cocoa Manufactory. — Through the kindness of Messrs. Epps, I recently had an op- portunity of seeing the many complicated and varied firocesses the Cacao bean passes through ere Ji^ is sold or public use, and, being both interested antfahlghly pleased with what I saw during my visit to the man- ufactory, I thought a brief account of the Cacao, and the way it is manufactured by Messrs. Bpp3, to fit it for a wholesome and nutritious beverage, might be of interest to the readers of Land and Water." article in Land and Water, October 14. Brcakfa% l ~ Epps's Cocoa..— Grateful and camftrtinp " By a thorough knowledge of, the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutri- tion and by a careful application of the fine proper- ties of well- selected cocoa, Mr. Epps has provided our breakfast tables with a delicately flavoured beverage which may save us many heavy doctors'bills.' Civil Service Gazette. Made simply with boiling water, or milk.. Each packet is labelled-" James Epps and Co., Homceopathic Chemists, London."— Also makers of Epps's Cacaoine, a very thin beverage for evening use. B ROWN'S BRONCHIALTROOHES, for thecureof Coughs Colds, Hoarseness, Bronchitis, Asthma, Catarrh, or any irritation or soreness of the throat, are now imported and iold in this country at Is. l^ d per box, put up in the form of a " lozenge." It is the most convemont, pleasant, safe and sute remedy for clearing and strength ening the voice known in the world. The Rer. Henry Ward Beecher says: " I have often recommended them to friends who were public speakers, and in many case* they have proved extremely serviceable." The genuine have the words " Brown's Bronchial Troches" on tho Government Stamp around each box. Sold by all medicine vendors. — London Depot, 493 Oxford Street. VALUABLE DISCOVERT FOR THE HAIR 1— A very nicely lerfumed hair dressing, called " The Mexican Hatt _ lenewer," now being sold by most chemists and Per- fumers at3s. 6d per bottle, is fast superseding all " Hair Restorers"— for it will positively restore in every case. Grey or White hair to its original colour, by a few appli- cations, without dyeing it, or leaving the disagreeable smell of most " Restorers." It makes the hair charm- ingly beautiful, as well as promoting the growth on bald spots, where the hair glands are not decaved. Certifi- cate from Dr. Versmann on every bottle, with full particulars. Ask for" THE MEXICAN HAIR RB- NEWER," prepared by H. C. GALLUP, 493, Oxford Street London. FRAGRANT FLORILTNE.— For the TEETH and BREATH. A few drops of this liquid on a wet tooth brush pro- duces a delightful foam, which cleanses the Teeth froa all impurities, strengthens and hardens tho gums, pre- vents tartar, and arrests the progress of decay. It gives to tho Teeth a peculiar and beautiful whiteness and imparts a delightful fragrance to the Breath. It removes all unpleasant odour arising from decayed teeth, a disordered stomach, or tobacco smoke. Th » Fragrant Floriline is purely vegetable, and equally adapted to old and young. It is the greatest toilet discovery of the age. Sold in large bottles and elegant cases at 2s. 6tL, by all Chemists and Perfumers. H. C GALLUP, Proprietor. 493, Oxford Street, London. IT is a recognised fact, that Bragg's Vegetable Charcoal Biscuits is one of the most invaluable remedies for indigestion, flatulency, acidity, foul breath, & c. The following is Dr. Hassall's report on Bragg's Carbon or Charcoal Biscuits :—" I hare, on more than one occasion, subjected to analysis Bragg** pure Vegetable Charcoal, also his Charcoal Biscuits, and I have always found them to be mort carefully prepared; the charcoal and other materials used in manufacture being of the purest and best description, and form the most agreeable medium hitherto devised for the administration of that most valuablo remedial substance, Ve^ fctable Charcoal. Signed. ARTHUR HILL HASSALL, M. D., Author of ' Food and it" Adulterations,' ' Adulteration Detected,' and other works." Sold by all Chemists. The New Adulteration Act. — Any person now selling adulterated articles is liable to a penalty of £ 50 for the first offence, and six montha' imprisonment, with hard labour, for tho second. Borwick's Baking Powder is warranted puro and free from alum and other injurious ingredient* found in most cheap Baking Powders, therefore may be sold without fear by all dealers. New metal pocket Vesta Box, with patent spring Cover.— Bryant and May have recently introduced very useful little Pocket Vesta Box, with a most in- genious and simple spring cover; it is a novelty in every way, and will soon come into verv general uso— being of metal instead of card, and retailed, filled with vestas, at one penny. Any Tobacconist, Grocer, Chemist or Chandler will supply it. Caution. — In calling the attention of the Trade to a recent decision in the House of Lords, in the case of " Wotherspoonji;. Currie," whereby an exclusive right to the use of th* e word " Glenfield" in connection with S tarch is indisputably established, we would also intimate that this decision renders the sale of the starch made by the defendant illegal, and will subject the seller of it to a Penalty of £ 10,000. We beg to intimate to those who may have been induced to buy it, that to save them from total loss we will allow 20/ per cwt. for it, at the Glenfield Starch Works, Paisley, in ex- change for the genuine Article, at the current price. This will entail a loss upon ourselves, as the packet* will be broken up and sold for Waste Starch, but it will at the same time be the means of rendering the Article useless for further deception. Any information that will lead to conviction will be rewarded. R WOTHERSPOON & Co. MRS. WINSLOW'S SOOTHING STRUP FOR CHILDREN ! Should- alwayabeused when Children are cutting teeth ; it relieves the little sufferers at once, it produces natur- al quiet sleep by relieving the child from pain, and tho little cherub awakes " as bright as a button." It is perfectly harmless, and very pleasant to taste. It soothes the child, it softens the gums, allays all pain, relieves wincL regulates the bowels, and is the best known remedy for dysentery and diarrhoea, whether arising from teething or other causes. Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup is sold by thousands of Medicine deal- ers in all parts of the world at Is. lid per bottle and Millions of Mothers can testify to its virtue.— Manu- factory, 468 Oxford Street, London. THE JOINT COMMITTEE AND THE FIRE BRIGADe. A meeting of the membera of the borough Local Board, the pariah Local Board, and the members of the Budock Lighting Committee, was held at the Council Chamber of the Guildhall, on Wednesday, for the purpose of oqneicjcriog what steps should bo taken in tl^ e present ( Ji^ pub;. Abijye fcwenty mem- bers were present, ai^ d MR. JOHN HALLAMORE, cluurmai^ of the Local Board for the parish, who was called on to preside, commenced tho proceedings by stating that thtre wero, he thought, only two points on which there was a difference of opinion- The fire brigade wished to have tha entire control of the engines for show or excursions whenever they thought proper ; while on the other hand it was considered that whsn tho engines ware not used for extinguishing fire the brigade should consult the joint committee. The Local Board, again, should bo furnished with a statement of accounts," showing how all tho money collected by the brigade had been disposed of, and the brigade objected, and would only consent to show how the amount had beeh disposed of which had been subscribed by the Local Board. He hoped, however, the matter would he discussed in a friendly spirit. A report of the Joint Committee was read, from which it appeared that the disppfo commenced in con- fftxiucftce of the engine and brigade going to Launces- tofil' 1'- Thi rulo on which the Captain based his claim to take the Engine and brigade to another town, and which recites that The brigade shall meet quarterly COUNTY NEWS. Fatal Accident, at Dolcoath Mine.— Three Lives Lost.— On Monday afternoon, about four o'clock, a party of tributers— Borlase, Moffat, aud three others, were at work in. a pitch over the 212 fins, level, about 40 fms. we3t of the man- engine. Borlase had blasted \ hole, and had returned to the " stull" for the pur- pose of removing some pieces of rook which the hole had not completely dislodged, and while in the act of doing so. the '* atull" on which he was' standing was broken down by an immense quantity of rook, and in its fall broke all other " stulls ' below, until it reached the 224 fms. level. The " stull" and rocks crushed two of Borlase's comrades to death, lads, called Moffat, aged 17 years, and Bastian, 15 years, who were dug out a few hours after, and removed to their parents^ houses in coffins. Moffat was the son of one of the party, and Bastian was tho stepson of a man called SincocK, a smith by trade, who is how in America. His own father lost his life in Dolcoath about 12 years since. At the 224 fms. level, just directly below the broken " stull " a party of men were engaged in a " stope " which is sloped from the level sevoral fathoms below. They had just left their work, reached the level, and were standing together under a " stull" that protected the " stopes," when they heard the rush of the falling rocks and timber. Thrtje of the party, two sons of Oxnam, and a'man Calle4 Lampshire, ran a few feet westward for protec- tion under the firm rock and were saved ; but the elder of the party, Thomas Oxnam, was suddenly . struck down by the rofcks and timber which fell directly over hip head and carried down into his own " stopes " by the falling debris estimated at over 200 tons. Every effort that can be made by a great num- be* of men is carried every minute to find the remains of Oxnam, but up to this time,- hjs body has not been found. Thomas Oxnam was a very steady, industrious, and intelligent miner, and has left a widow, and large family to lament his loss. Tie was about 45 years of age, and very much resected in Pool, where | he resided, i His body has since been found. . Manufacture of Cocoa, Cocoaine, & Chocolate.— ' Wo will now give an account ot the process adopted by Messrs. James Epps and Co., manufacturers of dietetic articles, at their works iu the Euston Road, London."- Sec article in part 19 of Cassell's Household Guide. DESCRIPTION OF OUR JESUS. Inserted by the Ret. J. W. Carter, Vicar of Christ Church, Stratford, London, E. Hie name is " Wonderful, Counsellor, The Mighty God, The Everlasting Father, The Prince of Peaoe, " King ot Kings and Lords of Lords," " lmmaouel,'' the only begotten of His Father. His beauty is perfect. He is tho brightness of His Father's glory, and th « express image of His person. All the parity, majesty, and love of Jehovah, dwell fully in Him. He is the bright and morniDg Star : He is the Sun of righteous- ness and the Light of the world: He is the Rose of . Sharon and the Lily of the Valley, fairer than the children of men. His riches are infinite : He coald say " All that the Father hath are mine." He ia Lord of all. All the crowns in heaven are cast at His feet, all nngels and seraphs are His servants, all worldi His domain. His doings are infinitely glonoas. By Him were all things created that are in heaven aud that are in earth, visible and invisible. He called the things that are not as though thoy were, worlds started into being at his word. Yet, to save guilty, lost man, be be- came bone of our bone, flesh of our flesh. While taber- nacling here below for thirty- thfee years ffia glory was a* of the only begotten Son of God, full of erace and truth. 1 think the greatest day in all the ages of hoaven was the one in whioh He went baek. When Napoleon sot foot in France after hit return from b inishmontin the Island of St. Helena, many thousand! flocked to his standard ; bnt when Chnut retnrnod from e. irth to Heaven, all its glorious inhabitants turned out to meet Him. Its streets were full, and the doors of all its palaces wero thronged, and some cried " Welcome" ! aud aomo shouted '' Hosannah" ! and some clapped their hands, and they vyho had harps kruok them, and they whb had palms waved them. There He sits at the right hand of God till His onemies shall be made Hia foot$ toql. ' Having a sharp in Hia sorrows, vfe have a aharo jn his triumpus. At the whirling on of His joys let all the churches ware their banners of victory, Yonder ne sits exalted to pardon our sins. Let children tell of it in tho Sunday and Day Sohool, let men and women spoak of it to eaoh other, let ministers preach it in tho congregations, and organs sound it in the thunder of open diapason, and heaven roll it from gate to temple, and from temple to throne, that Jesos " hath God exalted with Hia right hand to bo a Prince and a Saviour." Contributions or stamps to pay for these insertions in this and Fifty other n > wipaper3 ( which are supposed to have two miJlioa readers weekly ) will be thankfully received by tho & ov. J. W. Carter, 7, Atenue- road, Bow, London, fi. BORWICK'S BAKING POWDER PROTECTION FROM FIRE LIGHT ONLY ON THE BO*. 6mrra! fceueral Assuraure ( ompioY LJFK— FlUE— LOViS. EiTitLisRip 1S » . Cifrriu « t, 000.0 » V PKOGRR3S OF THK COMPANY. New FoKeh. Mn IMTIL AMIW IWilmiu AW ill. 1S68 ... S13 ... £ S51, S> 25 ... L' 7. SM CU7. « U » isesi... ? r « wejw lo. iM * a. nti 1M0 ... TW 313, S36 .. 11,131 : tx « m: l 871 ... tWi 333, jn> ... 10,133 « *, » ss BONUS YKAK. T^ II K current Boatu Mriod cloMe on Lh » 31 it ' IVwnbfr licit Pertoo* MaunttK prior t. that date n part inflating tables will altar* i> the division of profits. QKOKlIK SCOTT PKKKHAN. Secretary. Branch Office— Arwenark street, Falmouth. JOBS ROBKKTS, JITN., District Manager lor Cornwall. the Stosach. MA- erracTvop ei T. B PERCY, Chemist, ( Ifm^ r of Or Pkiraaxatteof Soatt> W OrrtU ) TRURO. Branch getabliahnient SRWQUAY. KM o> Jr m Tiai, < U M., * U & t nut, b/ CkmiMt. Orerra. Com/^ nn HaLi* Warrjw***. PERCY'S CELEBRATED PECTORAL BALSAM. JTisthe bset Remedy erer diaeorered for caring I ' iBghs, Colds, Shortncaa n( Breath, Asthma, • itting of Blood, Brochitia. Spaama, Inflnenla, tfmmmption. PAINE in the Chart, and other Pul- monary Oomplainta. It haa a pleaaant taata, and may he taken by peraona of all agee. IKTOKTAXT TO PmcaaaKRa- Ut Purehaaera ask for PERCY'S CELEBRATED PECTORAL BALSAM, and, hanng obtained it, tbay will not be disappointed in their expectations aa to ita menu. Be caotaooa againat being put off with antne other Medicine which deal era may recommend, aolely on the ground of having more pro6t thereon. Prepared only at the Medical Hall, Victoria Place, Truro, by T. R PERCY, the Bole Proprietor and In rector. Sold ta InOUsat U Iff.. 2s. aad <>. U. rock, dft, II rUvlvi *# a A earing of 2a 3d- is effected by pnrchaidntt the large Bottlae, as each bottle ceataiae « ii of the email one. HOLD BY ALL MKDICIKE VENDORS. IS IT POSSIBLE fPHAT a tender- hearted, Idnd, and lorhu mother can 1 look on. day after day, unconcernedly, and eee her darling - the pet of the family circle - pine away thrrrogh toe henefitl effecta nf the well- known peet of children— Worms! or can she witneee the frequent conrnlelre fiU ccael mH by the same dlrefnl enemy, and not try the never- failing remedy fnr their ti » ul deetructlon. and extermination, and which may bo taken with the greatest safety by the youngeat child living T Never I It I. lmpoiible! Then try at once ( COLLIE'S CELEBRATED WORM POWDERS, Prepared only by T. B. PERCY, at the MIDIOH. HALL, TRURO, and Sold by all Chemists and Hmggieta. In Podau at 7JA and U IK aK*. Fm Cj pott for 8 or 14 Stamp, AOECT- MR BASSETT, 1, Market Strand, Falmouth. IjMIR GOOD PRINTING, in the best style ' ot workmanship, with the greatest expedi- tion, at the moat moderate charges, apply at the office of this Paper. fpHOCSANDS are at thia moment rejoicing over 1. the haaotiful head, nf H. ir r. . too- t to them by using NFWMANKS IIAIR DROWIN0 FTtMADE. which waa never known to fail in pro- lucing hair Price la and 2a Gd. CTREY HAIR RESTORED to it. originaloolo, ; T flreymea prevented and the grow th of tho Hair promoU. l by uung NEWMANK'S HAIR LOTION. Thia ia at once the t'uaarRn and BBKT HAIR IvEvniRaK out, aa it haa » tood the teat and la prnoonnood auporior to the lo^ h. r- pru'c. l I*) tidnn preuaratioua, FREE In. m llANflEROI'S 1N) 1. SONS, and certain in ita action. Try one Shilling Bottle and lie convinced of ita clHcacv. Bottloa la and ' 2* Gd. ua.- h. SCURF or DANDRUFF inatantly rseuovo. 1 by NEWMANK- S HAIR WASH The Beat and Ohoapeet Hair Clcwncr extant In Itottlaa at Gd. and la. Sold in Falmonth by W. F. Newman, oheniat Market Htroet. INFLAMMATION OF THELUHOS. - HanyD. Bnndreth, 17, Oral OharioOa. atraet, Liverpool. " Dear Sr,- We hw to aMloaa aaatlMV teat*. » o » al aa In the of Alleock'e Pons Plaataea. Jamaa RaddiA, StamforJ. atreet, Meaoly, say* he had keen aowined to kia bed tea waaka ..( nag I « |.| .. line of the Ian. B* weighed eootineeilr, with great eapeotoratim and diAeelty of breathing, which beoojht him sn law that he waa anahU 4o riM In bed witboet N. WESTCOTT, Ciirgo Clerk and ( lieiipral Mercanlilr Accouuluiit, 1, WATERLOO UD., !• ALMOUTU. 8hip's Average, Vietunlling and Wages' Accounts ( Mtleulntod, nnd Survey* Neatly Copied. Vessels' Half- yearly Returns to Shipping Master rnndo out, Trndosmon's Books kept by tl'e Year. Deeds Enfrro5so< l and Made Up, in tho newest London style nt the « Uorlost notico. nib's Pin's. Is. 1R Tb « PImUts mm to pndaM woodartul rasult*. Thw* is mnwiy • Usy PIMM bat » > m « on* is tolling m » of the carts tbav ara making. Rheumatism in various parts of tbs body diaappoars as If by magic. Only oa Bonds* last Mr. Jsmb IUywood. Albert, tarraos, SUiitsy- straot, Hsvwood, informed ne that ha had baso troubled with soUtiaa for tbrao vsan, so bad was it the last twelve months of that IIBI that be was unable to follow bis ao- ploymaat. Ha bad tried many doctors, been to Matlock, and spoot £ 2 oo a large^. advertiMd • laotne- chaiu bait, bat all to oo parpoaa. Soma ona at last persuaded him to try your Plasters. Be aid ha bad n « fiulh in them, bat he woald try them, for he was atuck fast; tbey ooald not make bis pain roach worse, and it would only be a little more money sent after the rost. So he bought two i one ha plaoad on is thigh, and the other oo his back, and a weok after be was toady for hia work. It is now sis months ago, and he haa had no return of his pains.— Yours truly, W. BECKETT- HEUMATlbM OF THE WRIST. ' Henry D. Brandmh, Keq., 57. Great Char. loOO- etreet, Livotpool, BS^ si & 0, Crown- street Liverpool, Nov. 21st, 1871. ^ Dear 8ir,— Three months since I ooald not us* my right hand, owing to rheumatism in it and in my wrist, and over ten weeks I was in great pain— unable to find any relief. After trying many remedies, I waa at last persuaded to trv Allcock's Porous Plasters. 1 bound one round my whet| in three days I had great relier, and in • week's time was perfectly oured Your plasters area bleasing to the aMicted. I ba « r poaitivo information of their being of great benofit in bron- ohitia and asthma. It will give me pleasure to answer any oommunication eonoerning them.— Yoors truly, THOMAS DAVIE8. » I I, w AM, IMS i ro m mrtMKmm arm /" IBASIIHMS - W. 0. SUET'I REFLNES V BLACK LKAD sfssywhsrs by all Shopfc— psn, pLEANLIHESS.— W._ 0ThIXEY' « Refined V IILACK LSAQ^ for podyUn^ yrnM.^ Ac^. aqoal to buraUbsd 0. VIZXTa R « fined BLACK LEAD. s - Clsa » Un « « -- Tb8 propnrwr brp to CADTIOS U; S pabUe Sa> lr.* t tariff IntpoMd « pon by unrncclpl^ l trade. ntcn. who, « 1U _ . - - ^ - - . r. e.. r idsclnrie. avwt vend n « BOB WICK'S BAKING POWDER oiak « deliolous IW1 without YMCL BORWIOK- S BAKINO POWDER nuke. Puddinga, l'aatry, and PWeniaU wUA The Blood! The Blood I! The Blood!! CLARKE'S BLOOD MIXTURE, T. TOR CLEANSING and CLEARING tho BLOOD £ from ALL IMPURITIES, whether analog Iruiu youthful indiscretion or any other cause can- not be too highly roootnmendod. It Core* Old Sorea Caret Ulceratol Sores in the N ok Cores Ulcerated Sore Legs Cores Blackheads, or Pimples on Face Cnres Soorrey Sores Cores Canoerous Ulcers Cores Blood and Skin Diseases Cnres Glandular Swellings Clears the Blood from all Impore Hatter from whatever oaose arising. As thia Mixture is pleaaant to tho taste, anil war- ranted free from mercury— which off pilU and most madictne. sold for the abo vo diseases contain— tho Proprietor solicits sufferers to give it a trial to tost ita value. Thousand* of Testimonials from all Parts. Sold in Bottles 2s. each, and in Cases containing 6 Bottloa, 10s. each, sufficient to effect a permanent cure in long- standing cases, by all Chemists and Patent Medicine Vendors ; or sent to any addreas on rooeipt of ' 24 stamps or 120 stamps, by F. J. CLARKE, C ho mist. High Bridge, LINCOLN. Wholesale A- jtmU BARCLAY k SONS, LONDON, AND ALL THE WHOLESALE HOUSE S. THE CHEAPEST PACKAGE OF TEA is ENGLAND. ACH1NKHE CADDY, r I. filing la 1U. of really itood T.' f'; Tft ' ' it pirn • • (<-• lo « nv railway ataliou or mar. i town In Knglaml, <> n ( tosotptof iim. by PHILLIPS A CO. tEA vfournurtb, 8 KINO Wiluam8T. CITY. hoi hot, a. o. A raioa i. irr sa| a. Roally Good and Truly Ohcnp Toa. STROHO to Pino Black Tan. la 4> 1, Is Oil. Z* * t* J U M par lb. 1 40a worth sent camnao fr. o u> any rallwar aUtioa or markot town In Englnfi- l orwivlw^ n » » f tos by PHILLIPS 4 CO. TEA MER/. UKTS. 8 KINO WIUIAU 8T. E. O. Prime Cofleo Is M, la 4d. la M. A Pric « I< Ul fsea. PHlU. frs A CO. hava rw. : ttrei> bi. and no ooonoaUon with any House In Worcester, Uwsnsaa or Wltoey. A LLOOCK' 8 POHOU8 PI. ASTERS A are eold by all DruggisU, at la ljd oach, with full directions for use, or in any sise to suit- Tha yard Plaster is specially recommended lor trollies and physicians. One yard equals Id piaster*. Pnoe 14s per yard, 7 « 0d per half yard, oc 4s per quarter. PatwcirAL AOSNCT ROA QEKAT BaiTfAD AWboUeale and Batail ) i tfABLOTrii ST^ LIYBBPOOL . i.— A Plaster sent bo Any put of the country for 16 BERINQER & SONS, Couaama, SiLnnsamis, JEWELUBS, OPTICIANS, ' GUINEA CAKE BASKET. " CUIHEA" BISCUIT BOXES. First- elass itookbiudiag EOONOHY IN ORAPE HOURNINO. Ohr. FOLD of KIT * rUC'HAllli oj. t'S M! W PATTTNT II- HSHT CLIAFR Ul IB TBI' c aa TWO VDLDe of M. aid BMka. " CUIHEA" SARDINE BOXES. GUINEA' SAUCE FRAME , VE CARTES do VIS1TK, ' U 8d ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES POST REE OB agpl'n. tkwi at the atxrre adilrees, sa aa 7S, n a 78 OXFORD STREET, AASO AT MANSION HOUSE BUILOINCS, LONDON. ' GUINEA EGG 8TANDS. ' GUINEA' COBLET. Cheap and Vood Priatin* at the Offires of ( hi* Paper poXYCA UltlAGK. S4 Victoria^. DR. J. COLLIS BROWNE'S CHLORODYNE THB ORIGIN AX, AITS ONLY GENUINE. CHLORODYNE » . s. s » sas> ritari tm n. si. M^- e- Mi- ii| ii. « s. i C H LO RODYKB • it. a— — J b. t » OeK COa- nna. Uha » - CHLORODYWE - ai. toai » nts>- Lit. ^ CHLORODYNK « « Sl0MstUB. daihW.> r* e » . r> lpU> n< 9la » CH LORODYNB aia-. » iiisi. • r,.. c » —, r. n. r » / UDBOK'B DYKB.— 1 « Colcm, 90. E « CFU R1BBOSB. WOOL, BILK. I/ UATAMHB, censlss^ r i./.: us to wissma TCBOAY, IOV. tifaiffl Honsfs » o kf Lrt or Sold ia Obelisk Boa< 1. r » BE Lrt OB SOLD. with immeiata pmoeaaionAtwo dmntlT^ twd and eommodioa* DWiKLCTNGS I nrw i » - win; 1. in Milt Road, rotananding the 6n « t in' Falmouth. Kach YIouv wapniii 4 i Kitrhms « Be4r.- pm, W. C.. and > • m « ll ( Vllir; with * Gairien in froot and eocreaieni Courtly « t the bark. Apply to Mr. JAJ1ES MITCHELL, Builder. Falmouth. ljrr Pun-" Waiting for the Master." ( Shar- wood Foreat I. bj G. Armtield, £ 80. 2ITD DO.—" The Sunbeam," by Kate Gnjr, £ 60. To b « Drawn December 17th, 1S78. 3, Adtlaidf PIaa. London BrUtr B. 0. WILLIAMS. Seeretarj. AGENTS WASTED Taeniae:— BOBEBT NICHOLAS FOWLKR, Esq., M. P., Cornhill. B. C. JOHN FREEMAN, Esq., J. P.. Woodlane House, Falmouth. ALDEKMA. N THOMAS S. OWDEN. Bi. hop.* ate, E. O. Try MARTIN'S NEW SEASON'S TEAS SPLENDID QUALITY 2s. per Pound- The PEOPLWWer, U. Lower Market St.. and We* St, PENBYN. FBKD. H. KARLK. I Of' THE FALMOUTH & PENRYN WEEK1*/ I TIMES. SATtTEDAY, XOX 23, 1872 topics jof % gag.- ( By an Occasional London Correspondent.) iTho remarks under this head are to be regarded as the ex- ttssaiou of independent opinion, from tho pen of a gentleman In whom wo have tho greatest coufldence, but for which wo nevertheless do not hol- l ourselves responsible.] A very cheering item in the current newB is the de- crease of pauperism, at all events in the metropolis, and perhaps on the whole this may be taken as a criterion of a diminution of the same unpleasant thing else- where. The returns for last week show that compared with the corresponding week of 1871, 1870, and 1869, there was e. decrease in the numbers of paupers of, in round numbers, 11,000, 28,000, and 33,000 respectively — that is to say that for the last four years our pauper- ism hcei been on1 the decrease. This is encouraging indeeS, and, taken in connection with other facts, it indicates the general prosperity of the country. But on fae other hand the most trying time has yet to oome. The cost of living is still very great, Mid the • weather is, and seems likely to be, very unfavourable to outdoor employment, so that it behoves the working classes to exercise prudence and economy. It would appear indeed that the time of trial is already commencing. A well- informed journal says, 41 In several important branches of manufacturing industry in London work Is exceptionally scarce, and there is no prospect of im- provement until the month of February or March at the earliest." After mentioning special cases of slack- ness, and the discharge of 400 hands by one firm, it is added, " Both manufacturers and merchants agree that stocks are heavy, and that business is much less brisk and active than it has been at this time in the last two years." This is rather serious news, but it is just what most of us who have watched the high- pressure labour movements for the last year or so must . have been looking for. A very curious compilation has been made, founded on a ten years' series of that well- known paragraph headed " wills and bequests," and giving a record of all those fortunes where the personality amounted to upwards of a quarter of a million. The parts thus " brought forward tie astounding. One of the items is A fortune of three millions ; there are two of £ 1,200,000 and one of £ 2,800,000 ; while there is an immense number fluctuating between half a million and a million, and it is remarkable that the name of Mr. Brassey is missing. And it must be remembered that this is only the personal property. Could - we ascertain the value of the real property also, the gross result would be startling. Here is a test on winch a very valuable bomily might be preached. No country in the world can exhibit such monster fortunes as England, Scotland, and Ireland, and especially the former. It may be— indeed it must be— that there is something in our laws and our social relations that favours this accumulation of wealth, and it would be interesting to know not only what thin is, but how it acts on the happiness of the community gene- rally. I have often heard it stated that our rich are becoming richer and our poor are becoming poorer. I will not attempt either to prove or dis- prove this, but certainly the number of great fortunes and their enormous aggregate amount, taken in con- junction with our masses of poverty, with all its con- comitant evils, afford matter for serious reflection. The prevailing tone of the reports relative to the coal, iron, and metal trades, whatever may be the opinion of those engaged in these trades, must, on the - whole, be rather pleasing to the public, as it is indica- tive of falling prices, which for a long time have been artificially high. So many other departments of in- dustry depend on these, and thus affect the conditions of the working classes generally, that a moderate fall in prices will, in my opinion, benefit the country at large. Persons of all shades ef politics, and indeed the public at large, will be happy to hear that Mr. Jomj, Bright's health has lately been progressing most satis- factorily, and that hi3 re- appearance in the House of Commons next session may be confidently reckoned upon. At one time, and that not so very long ago, it might have been truly said that Mr. Bright was the best- abused public man in the country, but it is different now. Political supporters and opponents alike respect " him, and the public will be glad to find him once more taking a part in the debates. The Liberal party will certainly want him next session, and I believe that even Her Majesty's Opposition will not be sorry to lim once again in the House. Recent experiments, at which a large party of naval' and scientific gentlemen assisted, appear to have com- pletely established the feasibility of the plans of Mr. Bessemer and Mr. Heed for obviating the results of • vessels pitching and rolling at eea. It may be qmtq true that the motion of a machine constructed to • imitate exactly the roll of a ship cannot be regarded proving the non- liability to sea- sickness in all caei but it is indisputable that if the plans are fhlly carried out the mal de mer on those vessbla in which these plans are adopted will become a rarity. And what a happy result this will be ! For the Channel and coast service especially this freedom from a distressing malady will tend, to promote short pleasure voyages, but if the plans are extended to long voyages, they may produce considerable effect in de- veloping passenger traffic for long distances, and trips to New York, or Norway, or Ireland, or Spain, and tack, will become quite common in the vacation season. The position of the Claimant in the Tichborne case curiously illustrates an argument that has long been insisted on in many quarters, and which will in all probability be urged with increasing force till some alteration is effected— and that is that the legal vaca- tions are now too long for the increasing business of the courts. The leading counsel in the prosecution o, the above case having applied to the Lord Chief Justice to appoint a day for the trial, his lordship declines to displace the other suitors in the court, and intimates that the Tichborne trial nay be commenced in the first day of next term, and that the whole of that term and the after sittingB can be devoted to it; while the coun- sel for the Crown expresses a doubt whether even this"" • will be long enough. Here we have brought strikingly before the publio a fact which is increasingly felt, that the legal terms are not long enough for the legal busi- ness of the country. The lawyers' holidays aro too long, both for themselves, the cuitora, and the public At ( large. There is a proposal to have a Hospital Sunday in London, just the same as there is in some provincial towns, and a meeting to promote this object, at which tho treasurers and representatives of most of our hospitals will be present. Tho design is a highly benevolent and valuable one, and I trust it may be r. arried out. It will be well to set apart one particular Sunday in the year for collections at our churches and chapels, on behalf of / our hospitals that are supported by voluntary subscriptions. The only difficulty in the matter will be tho appropriation of the money when collected. It will be decided perhaps that the various congregations shall choose . to what institutions their collections shall go. days, and a second is in the press. Both publishers and author are to be congratulated on" tha success of the work. The former give the \ atter, it is said £ 1,000 down, £ 600 more on the - Bale of every 3,000 copies, and half tho profits on the wholo sale. The liberality of these terms cannot be disputed. Mr. Mark Twain ( uc* Mr. Clemmens) ia said to be engaged on a book descriptive of the cjditiea and eccentricities of the English. It is to he hoped he has well Btudied what he intends to write about, but I am not aware that he has had many opportunities of doing this. He came over here soro. e Bhort time ago, but was almostim- mediately called ' home on family business, whereupon he wrote to us to say, in his usual good- humoured and pleasant style, that he should return in the summer, and " lecture on those scientific subjects which he knows least about 1" Is he going to write this book ea the same principle ? Country visitors to the metropolis generally make a point of going to see the interior of St. Paul's, and it may be of interest therefore to note that the Dean and Chapter have just made a reduction in the charges. The terms now are— the Library, Whispering Gallery, and Stone Galleries, 6dL, arid with the other Galleries and the Ball, 2s. It is much to be regretted, in my judgment, $ iat any place of worship shonld thus be made a show, with charge for admission. Perhaps this reduction, however, is a step towards abolishing the fees altogether. At present the visitor, charged for everything he wishes to see, may well exclaim, " Verily, it is an imposing interior 1" The raid upon a number of betting men and members of clubs, the sole object of which appears to be to faci- litate betting, naturally excites great interest. We hear, of course, the old argument about one law for the rich and another for the poor, consequent on such prosecu- tions as these, and the freedom of such clubs as Tat- tersall's. There certainly is an anomaly in all this, but still if the law so stands that the Government can- not prosecute some and can prosecute others, I venture to opine that they do the publio good service by doing what they can. Few well- disposed persons will have any sympathy with those who are now prosecuted, or be likely to consider their punishment too great. These betting clubs and bookmakers are an intolerable public nuisance, and do an immense amount of harm in a way that is well known, and the sooner they are put down by the Btrong arm of law, the better. We have strikes and rumours of strikes enough at home to prevent our caring much about strikes abroad, but there is a curious strike in Paris which I think it might be well to imitate in our own country. The Parisian actresses declare they will no longer wear such gorgeous and expensive dresses on the stage. Any one who has witnessed some of the splendid spectacles of the Paris theatres— such, for example, as " La Biche aux Bois" or " La Chatte Blanche" could not have failed to notice the gorgeous character of the ladies' dresses. On the stages of many of our own theatres may ba seen a similar extravagance of display. Surely the interests of dramatic art are not served by such lavish expenditure as this. Mr. Stanley's new book, " How I found Living- stone " ia, as might have been safely prophesied, a great success. The first edition sold out > » a few THE TICHBORNE CASE. In this case, which, it will be borne In mind, was removed from the Central Criminal Court mainly in order to secure a special Jury, an application was made cn Monday tore- move it back to that Court, or, as the alternative, to have a trial " at Bar"— that is, according to the ancient practice, to have It tried before all the Judges of the Court. An application was made the other day to Ox a sitting for tho trial, but the matter stood over without being settled. Mr. Serjeant Sleiph^ with him Mr. Horace Brown) now moved, on the part of thedefendant" Castro, alias Tichborne," for a writ to move the case back to the Central Criminal Court, or, in the alternative, to have a trial at Bar. The Lord Chief Justice: We were in hopes you might have come to an arrangement with the counsel for the prosecution. Mr. Serjeant Sleigh said that had not been found possible. Mr. Justice Blackburn s What is the ground of your application ? Mr. Serjeant Sleigh: Mainly on the ground that, looking to the existing state of the law and the state of the business, it is not iikely the case can be tried unless Bome extraordinary course be taken. And by 11 George IV. and 1 William IV., cap. 70, which limits sittings at Nisi Prius to 24 days after Term, it is expressly " provided that in any trial at Bar it shall be compe- tent to the Judges to appoint any day or dayB for the trial, as they shall think fit." The Lord Chief Justice : There is no limitation as to any number of days after Term. Mr. Serjeant Sleigh : If one wnatever. But there is this serious difficulty, that the trial would have to be presided over by four iff" the Judges. The Lord Chief Justice : Probably three might be sufficient, that being now the ordinaiynumber sitting- in Banco. Mr. Justice Blackburn : Even three Judges sitting will cause some inconvenience, especially as the par- ties appear to threaten that'the trial willlast 90 days. •( A laugh.) The Lord Chief Justice : There is only one advan- tage— that proceedings are final in such a trial; the Court in Banco not reviewing the proceedings of a trial at Bar. Certainly, tho qtiefitioiria fit to be considered, Mr. Serjeant Sle'gh : And in the alternative to re- move the case back to the Central Criminal Court. The Lord Chief Justice: Oh! certainly. If it should turn out that there is no other feasible mode of trying the case here, o| course it must go back. Mr. Serjeant'Slelgh observed that he had thought Palmer's Act might have answered the object, but it was confined to cases out of the jurisdiction of the Cen- tral Criminal Coiirt. The Court then granted a rule nisi for consider- ing and determining fhq, application ; cauap to be shown this term, and, if possible, on the following Friday. It should bo stated that at the Central Criminal Court, as ot the A* nipes, there iBno limit in time to the duration Oi the sittings ; and at the Assizes a" trial' might be carried on continuously for months, or; at the Central Criminal Court for a twelvemonth, pro- J' vided the Judges and jurors all lived; but if any one of them were to die, or become dujabjgd, then another, difficulty would arise, and all would have to be begun' over again. It may be of interest alio to mention that in ancidnt times all criminal cases in this Court were tried at Bar ; but when at tho end of the 16th century business began to increase, power was given to the Chief Justice or any two of the Judges' to try caSes : and it was provided that such trials should be as good as if tried at the bar of the court ( 18 Elizabeth, cap. 12; 24 George IL, cap 18); whence it might perhaps be argued that the Chief Justice might sit alone to try the case " at Bar," for it is expressly guarded that such a trial shall be as good and available as a trial at Bar, though not in terms that it ehall be good and available as a trial at Bar. THE ADULTERATION OF FOOD ACT. On Saturday evening, at ameeftng of the Associa- tion of Medical Officers ofHealth, held at the hall of tho Scottish Corporation, in Crane- court, London, Dr. Lethebv, the president, took occasion to observe that sin. ee the delivery of his inaugural address on the sanitary .' egislatiou, of last Session, he had received re- quests from Quarter Sessions and Local Boards in Beveral parts of the country that ho shouM give them some idea as to ' the salary and mode of remuneration of the public analysts to bo ap- pointed under' the provisions of the Adulteration of Food Act. He desired, therefore, before answer- ing those quest Ions, to submit his opinion to his colleagues in that Association. Tho Act only stated in general terms tiMt the local authorities should pay to the analysts BL'ch salary or allowances as they might think fit It appeared to him, therefore, that there were tbxte waj " a in which the onalyata might be paid— viz., by salary only, or allowances only, or likely to be about 250 analyses _ the courBeof a year. Now, he suggested that if paid by salary only, the analyst should receive £ 175 per annum ; if by allowances only, that he should be per- mitted to charge for the first 100 analyses one guinea each, for the second 100 half a guinea each, and for eoch analysis over that number 6s. each, that being a medium amount between 2s. 6< L and 103. 6d, which the analysts were empowered by the Act to charge a purchaser for an analysis ; and if partly by salary and partly by allowances that he should receive a salary of £ 100 and an allowance of 6s. for every analysis he i Hade. He added that these seemed to him to be fair modes of payment, and that the City authorities had adopted that of salary alone. Dr. Tripe and Dr. Liddle expressed a strong opinion that medical officers of health should not increase their already numerous duties by accepting the appointments of analysts, and that many of them did not possess sufficient knowledge of all the various subjects of quali- fication for analytical duties which the Act required. Dr. Liddle also observed that if the analyBts were not properly pud the Act would certainly becomB a dead letter, and he suggested that thp was likely to be the case, seeing the number of tradesmen and other in- terested people who formed as a rule the local autho- rities. , Dr. Burge urged that various districts and local Boards should combine in the appointment of analysts so as to save expense and secure uniformity in the pro- cess and result of the analyses. Dr. Gibbon said he hoped, at all events, that the analysts would never agree to be paid in proportion to the number of convictions obtained. In the end the suggestions of Dr. Letheby met with the unanimous approval of the Association. The President olso applied for ond obtained permisalonCto urge upon the President of tho Local Government Board, in the name of the Association, the necessity of carrying out strictly the fifth section of the Act, which provides that the analysts shonld possess " com- petent medical, chemical, and microscopical knowledge," and cot of allowing posts of such importance to be held by persons who do not come up to that some- what severe standard. In connection with this sub- ject it was observed, that the analysts themselves must personally have that knowledge, and not the persons who, after their appointment, might be selected as their deputies to perform the work. THE WORKING OF THE NEW LICENSING ACT. That drunkenness is on the increase in London is plain ; that every Monday since the passing of the now Act the " night charges " have increased in most of the metropolitan police courts is certain. On the Monday befon the 10th of August— that being the day on which the Act for regulating the sale of intoxicating liquors and curtailing the hours on which they might be sold came into operation— the number of " night charges" at Clerkenwell was only 30, and 18 of these were charges of felony, and charges otherwise from those of felony. On Monday, on the Magistrate taking his seat, there were 57 " night charges," and of these 42 were charges of drunkenness and drunk and dis- orderly conduct. The remaining 15 charges were for street gambling, assault, and felony. On the previous Monday the number of charges were 51, only six of which were cases of felony, the remainder being those of drunkenness, or charges arising therefrom. The number of prisoners taken up on charges of drunkenness and riotous conduct in Leeds appears to have steadily increased ever since the new Licensing Act came into operation, with about two exceptions. On Sunday twenty- five persons were in custody on charges of drunkenness and riotous conduct consequent upon indulgence in licjuor, whereas the number previous to the bill passing into layr was id ways con- siderably under that number, except at fair and feast times, and then it only reached from twelve to sixteen persons on the Saturday night Sunday morning. ENGLISH " MILLIONAIRES." j The Spectator has published a list, compiled from tjie fees of; the Illustrated London Hexes, of almost every fortune— with theexoeptlon, it mentions, of the late Mr. Brassey— ex- ceeding a quartfir of- a million personalty, which hip been transferred by death wtMfln |) ie past ten - years. The Daily New* in a leader, thus commepta upon the sutyect :— The phenomena of wealth has receivedacurioua il- lustration from a Return which the Spectator has com- piled. It is an account of every fortune exceeding £ 250,000 personalty whichbas been transferred in Eng- land by death during the last ten ^ ear3. The fist in- cludes two fortunes of one miHion two hundred thousand each, one of two ^ millions eight hnndred thousand, one of three. millions, and all maimer of amounts between half a million and one million. We become so familiar with bequest of eight or nine hun- dred thousand pounds as we glance down this list that half a million seems rather a poor thing for a man who respects his relations to leave behind him. Of ; courBe, these sums, such as they are, by no means reprefent the actual wealth of the men who owned them. In some in- stances the personalty must be only a trivial paijt of the property of the individual. The eight hundred thousand pounds- forexample, bequeathed by the late Marquis of West minster, must be but a poor frt^ gmenfc of thefetupen- dous wealth which belonged to the lafe Head of the House of Grcsvenor. The four hundred thousand pounds of the late Mr. Peabody must, in- like manner, we should suppose, only repMeeiiJ the petty aash de- partment of a noble fortaneTBut if ^ take thise sums just as they are, and qjtiume each to represent the whole of a fortune, they are still sufficiently surprise and even startling. They show at a glance, how immensely the making of moriey has increased of late years, and how conspicuous is- the place which England holds in this field of human' energy. - The most famous fortune known to moderrfl romance . is probably / that of the Count of Monte Ohristo. ' Bu « the whole, of the treasure- trove with which that distinguished person wrought such dazzling wonders fell very far ( short of a million sterling; and £ bwe. i » such a think In our days as the payment of income tax on half a mil- lion every year. Mr. Disraeli?*- " Young Duke,'" a sort of Belgravian - Monte Chriato. of forty years back, came in for a fortune which ' always among • thfe wealthiest of Greafa Britain," had been coverted by a long minority ' jjintq one oi , the richest in Europe," The young lJuke's rent- roll exhibited af Bum total ofc two hutfdrtjd thou- sand pounds, and he had half a millio in the funds. But thiB frould, indeed, J^ ll farihor! of being a ' firstVdlss fortune in our days. Tljfi you lg Duke would find, not merely among noblea* t> ut even among shopkeepers, numbers'of men mmft richer t lan him- self. The great fortune abotlttvhlch so mucl work is noticed the loss. In the number of large fortunes no country will compare with England. There are in the United Sts.' ces Bome millionaires of com- merce, who may be classed as high as any in the world. Perhaps the names of Stewart, of Vanderbilt, and of Astor, represent houses as wealthy as any to be found in England. Mr. A. T. Stewart, the great " dry goods" merchant of New York, is aaid by his country- men to be the wealthiest man of business in the world, i But the millionaires of the New World are com- paratively few thus far. The very fact that they be- come'BO conspirious for their wealth is in itself the clearest proof that there are not a great many of them. It is possible that America may hereafter become the land of the most numerous fortunes ; but aa yet she ha3 not had time to do so. It is probable that for soma time to cojne the accumulation of greatfortunes in England will continue to increase rather than diminish. The increase has been regular and rapid for the whole of this century. They early gains which would have marked out a man as opulent fifty or even thirty years ago, seem mere mediocrity now. One can hardly venture to say what amount of fortune and expenditure it would take to create any marked sensation in London to- day. For good or ill there may be noted a steady increase in the demands upon income, and consequently upon exertion, made by the social habits of all,' or nearly all, the classes of our population. This is not merely, an illusion, like the dream of the; Golden Age, or the time when we had Buch fine summers. It can be Bhowp by the clearest comparison, by reference to the descriptions of contemporaries, by the evidence of his- tory, of fiction, of painting, and of dry statistics, that the people of almost every class in our great cities have immensely overleaped in their habits the social needs of their grandfathers. Nor ia this merely because things are so much more costly now ; for many of the, comforts and luxuries of life can be had more cheaply by us than they could have been by our fore- fathers. The fact is that the making of money has become more easy, more tempting, and more common, and that the habit of luxurious expenditure has grown with it. This, however, is anything but an unmixed evil. If people are more lavish and luxurious than their ancestors, so also are they more careful and nice in all that pertains to cleanli- ness, fr^ h air, and health. The stern simplicity of former years Was'apt to be associated With'a good deal of impure air, not to say broadly with a good deal of dirt. We all go now into fa- ansports of anger and alarm if any defect or inefficiency is discovered in the made in " Our Mutual Friend," and the acqt isition of Which- ofchMfts Mr. Boffin into one of the ponders of London, is only a hundred thousand pound . There Are, in'flie Return to which we have just e luded. at least a dozen instances in which five' « euch fortunes could be deducted frfttn the pr^ pert^ aniyet leave the iimeritor'a man ^ f vast possessions. v England is thS country of great fortunes. ) f course, tye theory which used to prevail BO common y among us, and Btul does prevail to a certain ex ten , that all foreigners ( European foreigners) are comparatively 1 poor, ia abBurd in a great variety of cases. It was an article of faith in Englafld at one time that German Princes arc beggars, and yet it is quite certain that some even of the smallest of the German Princes were, enormously rich. When Catherine of Bra anza was coming from Portugal to marry our Charles t e Second, there were many jokes in London about the Princess, who on reaching Whitehall was for the first time to have a whole chicken for her dinner. Yet it muBthaye been known well enough that the large fortune offered with the Princess, and the extreme need of the English King, were the principal inducements to thej match on tho part of England But it is, on the whole, quite true that the Continental fortunes are both few and smo 11 compared with ours. The Btrangest peculiarity about the list on which we are commenting is the great number of names it contains which may be described as unknown to the general public. When we hear of a Duke of Devonshire or a Marqula of Westminster, of a Rothschild or a Baring, or even of a Crosley of Halifax or a Brown of Liverpool, wo expeot to hear of a great fortune, and the figures are not likely to surprise us. But hero are the names of men of whom nobody outside their own circle of friends and business connection, perhaps has ever heard ; and when they die they leave their million or million and a half behind them. Clopham and Brixton contribute their millionaires as well aa Belgravia. Lincoln's in- fields appears to have had aulet and un- assuming tenants who might have set up Mr. Dombey | again. when his great house went down, and never have working of sanitary arrangements, the elementary necessity of which had not entered into the imagina- tion of our progenitors. A waiting- maid of our day is in many respects better lodged than a queen of a century back; and a scientific philosopher of that time would endure without grumbling, or even thinking about the matter, defects in the appliances of comfort and health against which a cobbler in a garret would now protest. The distribution of wealth is not. perhaps as yet very broad and rapid The reproach that the ex- treme of riches and the extreme of poverty touch each other so commonly, still clings to our society. But there is too much of a tendency even yet in the piinds of people, when they hear of a large fortune, to think of lb as wealth which the owner has kept stored up in a chest, and on which he only drew for his own personal and selfish necessities. They are apt to forget that the money has been all the while in rapid and fluent cir- culation, feeding the demands of industry and com- merce, and keeping alive the activity of the nation. The colossal fortunes which the Spectator's list records, may indicate a too absorbing pursuit of wealth for its own Bake, and the conversion into an end of what should be only a meaUsj_ and the growth of a great plutocratic class is a social phenomenon of ambiguous aspect. These are points for the. moralist and the politician to weigh. _ But on purely economic grounds, unless we can Beriously persuade our3eIve3 that in commerce one man becomes rich only by impoverishing another, there can be no reason to regard the increase of large fortunes made in'this way with j ealousy or alarm. STRONG VERSUS WEAK.' A RIGHT- INKDED woman can make your life glad; But the question of questions is, where can you get her! I admit that a strong- minded woman is bad, But I fear that » weafc- minded woman's no better. •— Judy. pisHfoiSS fnfdlu^ iite, HOME, FOREIGN, AND COLONIAL. SEBJEANT BATES.— A London American gives the following particulars of Serjeant Bates :— r Mr. Serjeant Bates, who bean the Stare and 8trlpes across England, is ot distinguished kio. A brother of the late Hon. Edward Bates, the Attorney- General under the administration of Abraham Lincoln, and connected with the late Joshua Bates, the great banker, he drst entered public life as aa advocate of distinguished qualities, appearing as attorney in the now famous case of the United States versus George Alfred Townsend. He gradually rose to eminence until he became one of the ornaments of the American bar. His fondness for BHtlsh institutions led him to adopt the title of Serjeant ( not Sergeant) Bates. Odd as it may seem to behold a lawyer of his great reputation canylng a flag through a strange country, yet it may be termed one of those curious and pardonable freaks which are sometimes de- veloped in the characters of great enthusiasts. General Adam Badeau has written a very excellent biography of Serjeant Bates, published among " Beadle's Biographies." Mr. Morgan, tho gentlemanly representative of the United States, is, it is understood, arranging a reception— a public dinner— at which it is hoped the chair will be taken by Mr. George Bancroft, who has been suddenly called to " Wash- ington, and who will Stop In London on his way for a few days. GREAT NEWS.— There are good times criming. Mal de mer is likely to be abolished by Mr. Bessemer ( we were not equally glad to read in a review of Mr. Darwin's new book, that blushing " seems likely to be lost," Eleanor, and Alice, and Isabel, and a great many more looking BO charming under flying colours); and '' Foot- warmers are now supplied to all t£ 5* d- olass passengers upon the Great Northern Railway," We shall yet live to see the streets kept tolerably dean.— Punch. PIRACY IN THE EAFRR.-^- THE New York Herald of the 3rd inst. says:—" By mail from the far East we have received onr files from the Philippines, dated in Manila, conveying additional details of the battle which was lately j fought between the forces of her Britannic Majesty and the armed pirateB of the Salu, and which resulted in the breaking up of the outlaw's neats in that quarter of the world. The Comercio of Manila Bays :— The boats of the British war steamer Nassau, Commander William Chimmo, have been attacked by pirates near Carang- Carang, on the north- east portion of Sulu. The fight lasted four days, at the end of which the crews of the boats were victorious, after having disembarked and destroyed the brohus and villages, & c., of the pirates. The boats bombarded the villagea for two hours. The loss nf the- pirates was fearful. Lieutenant Gray, of the Nassau, and some of the crews of the boat3 were severely wounded. Mr. White was wounded in the neck by a spear. While the boats were attacking by water the natives harrassed them by land. On the following day the officers of the Nassau were received by the Sultan of Sulu, who thanked them for what they had done and made them presents." CARBONIC ACID AND RESPIRATION.— In his recent book on " Air and Rain," Dr. Angus Smith' makes ap- important correction of the statement, often Jfound , in works onphypiotygy; that air can support re- spiration until jt contains 10 per cent of carbonic ' acid. It Is shown by a number of dareful experiments that human beings cannot long endure an atmo- sphere containing more than 4 per cent, the higher numbers having probably been obtained by experi- ments of very short duration. But although as much as 2 or 3 per cent of carbonic acid causes but little annoyance, it is shown that this is only true when other impurities are absent. The senses detect the difference between the air of the streets and of the parks of London, where the difference of the carbonio acid is only " 004 per cent., the real annoyance arising from organic matter and gases from putre- faction. Hence the quantity of carbonio acid found ia significant, ' because it almost always comes in bad company." On tho other hand. Dr. Morgan ( in his paper on chloroform), remarks that a diluted form of carbolic acid ia not dangerous to life, since in the mining districts in Cornwall, when the work goes on in gangs, tunnelB are entered for which no means of ventilation aro provided, the foremost labourer, with a knowledge that he may become perfectly insensible, relies on his rear rank companion to drag: him out when he becomes so ; this he does in due time, and thensteps forward himself to undergo a similar ordeal, although a candle would go out in this vitiated re- breathed atmosphere. WORKIKG MEN IN STMLNSTBU A^ BSTT,,— Last Satu. day the Dean ot Westminster, invited a large number of masons employed pn thei Offices in Downing- street, through Mr. Walshe, the London City missionary, who has been visiting them daily for the last two years, to go over the Abbey with him. At one p. m. he and Lady Augusta received them in the Jerusalem Chamber, and after hearing the leadfhg points of its history, they were led through the chapeLa of the Abbey, the Chapter- house, and cloisters. The party being. unusually large, and fearing they would not all hear Dean, Lady Augusta graciously took a good part pf it into her charge, and led the way from tomb to monument, descnbfng the striking events in the lives (./ those to whose honour they had been erected ' The vint was prolonged d^ ng to the interest manifested by the men, and to the many questions which they aakea the Dean, and for which he subsequently thanked them, because many things were brought out which might have been om" The last place visited was the Abbots' dining- ha. which, the visitors were told, the monks of old* dined well. On this occasion it had more than a historical interest for the men, for it contained a very liberal amount of refreshment, to which they did ample justice for more than an hour. THE LATE MR. MAQUIRE, M. P.— A meeting was held in the Mansion- house, Dublin, on Monday, convened1 by the Lord Mayor, for the purpose of adopting measures in aid of a national tribute to the memory and services of the late John, Frauds Ma- guire, member for Cork. Resolutions were adopted authorising several gentlemen to receive subscriptions for the above purpose. The meeting was attended by the Hon. David Plunket, MP., Mr. Jonathan Pim, M. P., Mr. Matthew D'Arcy, MP., Sir John Gray, M. P., and several leading dtizens. A subscription list was opened, and realised . about £ 250, which included a subscription of 100 guineas from Mr. Mitchell'Hmry, M. P. Baron Rothschild and Mr. Montagu Chambers, M. P., have sent £ 50 and £ 20 respectivdy to the fund. WARMING RAILWAY CARRIAGES IN GERMANY. — A mode of more safely and effectually wanning rail- way carriages than by stoves or hot water has, it is said, been widdy adopted in Germany. He invention consists of the use of a composition which only smoul- ders dowly, and ia encased in an iron tray enclosed in acopper box " hermetically dosed" The heat is said to last for 24 hours if necessary. The fuel is called the " charcoal brequettes." At £ 13, per ton the cost is said to be almost nominal, and the app& ratns only costs 30a. for each compartment. A STRANGE STORY.— The JTYEW York Herald of the 7th inst. reports a terrible tragedy from Boston. A large barrel had . been discovered floating in Charles River, and it was found to contain a human head and two lees. The head was bald and from its appear- ance, the victim appeared te be about 50 years old The blood that was still dripping from these remnants of the body proved that the butchery had taken place within a very few hours of the time of the discovery. Shortly afterwards a second barrel was seen in the stream, and this on being brought to shore was found to contain the rest of the body. Indications were ap- parent that decapitation and amputation had been performed with a sharp knife, for when the remains were placed together they fitted perfectly. None o£ the dothing wa8 missing except the hat, and, beyond a flesh wound on the face of the deal man, there was nothing to indicate a etruggle. Upon the back, be- tween the outside and under shirt, there was a gold chain that had been secreted there. The clothing was of the best quality. No due to the identity of the man had been obtained. MURDER OF A CUSTOMS' OFFICER. — Tha Court of Assizes of the Doubs has just tried a man named Pidgelin, a smuggler, for murder. , About two months ago the prisoner with two of his comrades en- gaged in combat with the Custom- house officers of Etraches, on the Swiss frontier, and two of the latter were seriously wounded Pi& elin, meeting another of them afterwards, knocked him down with a dub and trampled on his head in a frightful manner. Two ac- complices, the brothers Lagalis, were tried with him for partidpation in both attacks. The principal criminal was condemned to death, and the . other two to 20 years'hard labour. COMMONS AND ENCLOSURE.— The Chancellor of the Exchequer, jit the Lord Mayor's Feast com- plained that the House of Commons of latS had been taking upon itself the proper functions of the Govern- ment. Mr. Lowe refrained from illustratin^ ms com- plaint by examples. One instance in point might have been suggested to him by local circumstanccs. He was speaking in Guildhall, and it was the influence of the Corporation of London, exerted in the House of Com- mons, which defeated the Government's proposed measures designed to legalise the further enclosure of Epping Forest.— Punch. AN ADVENTUROUS SALT LAKE GIRL.— In this city ( says the Utah Herald) lives a young lady who is seemingly delicate, but although petite in form and figure, ia abundantly endowed with nerve and energy. Fond to a passion of the grand in nature, she has scaled on foot the highest peaks of the Cotton woods, and explored the cavernous recesses of the'deepest mines. We have known her on several occasions, when prosp jcting on foot, with staff in hand, the tall peaks of the Wasatch, to compel her male escort firat to cry halt. Our fair prospectress being at Alta a day or two since, Baw for the first time in operation the wire suspen- sion tramway just completed by theVollejo Company, and her masculine escort proposed to her,' in jgbt, to take a ride up the wire cable to the mine. She promptly accepted the invitation when our male friend, growing a little nervous, suggested difficulties in the way of the trip, but failed to dissuade her from attempting it. The tramway is 2,380 feet long, rises at an angle of about twenty degrees, and the cable is Suspended on stanchions forty feet nigh. There were no other car- riages than ore buckets, and in one of these,, which are suspended six feet bdow the cable, our heroine, un- daunted and alone, took passage and made the ascent without mishap or serious inconvenience, although tho swaying of the wire between the stanchions _ is calcu- lated to create the sensation of sea- sickness. * Quite a wowd gathered, and to those a short dfetance off, to frhomthe wire was invisible, it appeared Eos if our fair friend was sailing through mid air. CHANGE OF LIVING.—" The aeventeen Diets of Austria"! The peqple ofthat countryare fortu- nate in having so many varieties of food. We hope to taste a few of them, next summer, at the Vienna Exhi- bition.— Punch. THE CHANGEABLENESS OF FASHIONS.— Tho South London Press remarks :— What are the fashions really coming to?. There is a little shop— large enough to bo seen oy the naked eye, and that Is all— which r sometimes pass, and it has* in the window this announcement—" Bonnet shapes from Paris three times a week!" One iinaturaliy aghast at tho suggestlveness of this. Do tho ladies dress to such an extent that a bonnet three days old is out of the fashion? la there Aihange every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, or every Tuesday, Thurs- day, and Saturday? And Is Sunday a dies non in bonnets arm law? • Itts dreadful to contemplate a state ot things in which one lady sneers at another for appearing in yester- day's bonnet. A fashion used to last a season, now it barely lasts a day : and a box of bonnet- shapes has to be labelled " perishable," like fruit or flsh. Should a storm arise In the Channel, and the delivery otjhe precious freight be delayed, the mischief is irreparable. A bonnet can no more bear keeping twenty- four hours than a telegraphic message. DISASTROUS FIRE. AN? HEROISM OF A BOY. • The Orkney mail brings particulars of a disastrous fire in the Island of Sanday, and the heroism of a little boy in saying two ysungertbikh- en of the family ( says the No# h British Jbily, MfcJ) The house was an old family residence, but wa3 occupied by two separate families, one of them hayiotchildren. Dur- ing the absence of the adult ifaemliera/ Aidbpting an in- firm widow, the youngeBt <} hild - was ** » c^ dle, and the ddest was off on an errand, four- nBtle children being left in the house. Early in t^ d inning one of the little ones missing an article of clothing, lighted a paraffin lamp to seek for it iif>- l£* V> nd while so bore her down staira in her shift. Returning he lifted his little brother out of the cradle* and bore him out also. By this time thb; staircase wai. ttt fire, and in passing. with his burden the hair of htebtdti was singed Meanwhile the little fellow who ba< I can3ed the con- flagration had escaped to the ouUsfd< Qh Utile more than his shirt The noise and smoke soon aroused the aged widow, who hastily arose andi^ l for her life with very little clothing on. The neighbyurp-. were speedily alarmed by the smoke and flames, aaiti a multitude gathered; Dut, owiDg to the combustible nature of the old dry wood, the flames spread so rBjHdly that in a Very sn6ft tlmral « WW* TO4^, WB « tho whole was a blazing mass of ruins. Fortunately no lives were lost, but the poor inhabitants have lost their little all, save what dothing they happened to have on. SATUKDAY, KOT. 23, 1872, THE FALMOUTH & PENRYN WEEKLY TIMES A FARM LABOURER'S BALANCE- SHEET. An " East Sussex Incustbent" has sent the fallow- ing letter to Tie Timet tat publication :— II the following balanctshset wffl help one half of the world to know In any degree how come cf the other half Bw, 1U details may possibly be a* worthy the space which they will occupy aa the balance- sheet of some huge bankruptcy which you occasionally publish. Myinfonnant is the wife of a labourer In my parish. She Is a permanent invalid, unable to earn a penny In any way. but a thoroughly clever manaacr. Were it net for her Ill- ness the two Items of weekly charity would, of course, have noplace In the list. The details themselves hare been more than once chal- lenged by parish officers and others, and bavo always been passed as scrupolouslj correct. There were, when I got the Information, six children, the eldest azed 14. Their united » « ™ inga for the year amounted to £ 215s. Income per week.- Husband's day wages, 12s. G± ; wife allowed by a friend Is. ; parish allowance ol flour, 2s.: total, 16s. 64. Outgoings per week.— Bent, 2s. : 7 gallons of flour, 7s.: Hb. of Duvch che « ic. Is. 8d-; lib. ol butter. Is. 4d; Jib. of * Boap. 2d. ; soda aud blue. Id.; salt and pepper. Jd.; ljlb. ol candles 1C4- 1: 2oz. of tea, < d-: 2Jb. of sugar, 7< L; schooling, 74 : cotton. mustard, Ac., U ; milk, 3* d.; washing, is. ; THE PELSALL MINE INUNDATION. mangling. Id. ; total, 15s. 10J< L _ Extra earnings per annum.— Hopplcking ( daughter), £ 1; acorns picked np, 16s. ; hop tying, £ 1; flro days' harvest, • over and above day wages, £ 16 « .; hop drying, over and abov « day wages, £ 3 6s. ; mowing, over and above day wages, £, i; profit on two pigs, £ L— Total, £ 10 6a. Add weekly lncomo, £ i218s.— Grand total, £ 63 Is. Extra outgoings per annum.— Benefit club, £ 1; daughter's Benefit club, 4s. 4< L ; daughter's boots, 12s.; husband's boots, 12s.; five children's boots, £ ll0i; faggots. £ 2; extra food for husband In hop drying, 10s.: husband's clothes, £ 1; | tools, 7s.—£ 8 4s. ; add weekly outgoings, £ 41 6s. 6d.— total, Ita poison is difln."^ through their potabla waters. Experience has showO that the various forma of plague are influenced to a lugl* extent by sanitary conditions. All zymotic diseases awi1 ™ * fatal in the densest dis- tricts ; and though this may be due in part to the more frequent contact of the mte^ nd parts of the dense population, and to the facilities for zymotic diffusion, it a certainly due in part to the concentrated impuri- ties of towns. Measles, whooping- cough, and scarlet fever were twice as fatal in Lonaoninthe year i 870 asin the south eastern counties. The dea'hs from syphilis were 1,858 } the numbers so registered have doubled in 14 years, and this disease is the cause of many dt'aths still re- gistered under other forms. The great majority of the victims of this disease are infants. • Deaths from the want of sufficient sustenance occur in every country, but Dr. Farr considers it probable that in England fewer people die of starvation than in any other country, in consequence of the provision made by law for the relief of the poor. The deaths in England, registered as being from privation in 1870, were 85 in number. Only four were of persons under 20 years of age ; the danger is when the personal struggle for existence comes, and when tho vital power begins to decline. But the deaths of 1,402 babies in the year were ascribed to inanition of infancy, or want of breast milk. Dr. Farr holds that the mother who is unable or unwilling to nurse her own child imperils its life, and that the effect probably extends through all • its after existence. The deaths registered in the year 83 directly result- ing from alcoholic poisoning were 645. Men die from this cause in much greater numbers than women. Two of the males were under 20 and two of the women under 25. These deaths are most numerous from 35 to £ 10 9J ( id.— and there is a balance of £ 314s. 6d. per annum ( or coals and meat, and lor clothing lor the wife and children. The margin for wet days and HHnb ( or tho labourer frim self is not large. Nov. 16. • The Times has the following leader on the above :— 45 years of age. Like other forms. of insanity, the drink madness comes in the prime of life, but as it cuts short the lives of its victims, fewer die at advanced ages of this than of the quieter forms of mental de rangement. Of parasitic disease worms are the common fatal form; 151 deaths from this cause were registered in 1S70. The ova of worms are sometimes tonveyed into the system by water.; and it is always dangerous, therefore, to drink the water of rivers into which water- closet sewers empty. There is no reason to believe that these ova are oxidized; Dr. Farr states that instead of being destroyed they may be sustained by oxygen. Passing on to the second " class 0f~ diseases— consti- tutional diseases— which in 1870 destroyed 4 per 1,000 persons living, causing 17.37 per cent, of all the deaths, Dr. Farr observes that, this is the class of diseases especially attracting to men and women in their prime, eating up their full lives as the canker eats the rose. Consumption and cancer are the chief of these diseases. There is a difficulty of nomenclature about phthisis, but Dr. Farr is of opinion that allowance for erroneous diagnosis does not account for the decrease in the mor- tality by phthisis from' an average of 2.88 per 1,000 per annum in the three years 1853- 54- 55 to 2 " 42 in the three years 1868: 69- 70. As a Eet- off against this decrease, however, is the increase of the mortality referred to bronchitis and pneumonia in the corresponding years from 2 61 to 2 96 per 1,000. The third class of diseases is denominated local; and these caused in 1870 as many as 9' 2 deaths per 1,000 persons living, or 40' 16 per cent;, of all the deaths of the year. The mortality was somewhat, above the average from these increasing diseases of particular organs. This is especially the case with heart disease, to which were referred 11,356 deaths in 1850, 18,758 in 1860, and 25,259 in 1870. The increase, was progres- sive in the 20 years. Looking further back to the time when registration first began, these affections of the heart were recognised to a much smaller extent. Simul taneously with the increase of deaths attributed to heart disease there was a decrease in deaths ascribed to dropsy; and dropsy is one of the striking ob- vious symptoms of heart disease. The early mortality tables, when the knowledge of pathology w^ is in its infancy, did not recognise the forms of disease of the circulating system, but dropsy was one of the earliest diseases named. Dr. Farr observes that the circulation of the blood is BO essential to the life of every organ — the brain for example— that its derangement may give rise to diseases of those organs, such as apoplexy, much more obvious to the eye than heart sounds are to the ear. It is fab-, therefore, to assume that a part of the increase of heart disease in England 1B only ap- parent, and is due to improved nomenclature, to advan- cing diagnosis; what was called dropsy is called hyper- trophy of the heart, and so in other cases. But after making allowance for thisDr. Qnain maintain B that there has been within the last 20 years an actual increase of heart disease in England. He and other ^ hySifcians in extensive practice believe that the heart, excited by any violent affections, by athletic efforts, by anxiety, and by extraordinary demands on its forces, has be- come more frequently the seat of disease in consequence of the wear and tear of business and the increased mental activity of the age. But Dr. Farr observes the Btrain on the minds of the olasses who consult these eminent physicians is not shared by the great bulk of the population that fill up the returns; aud the problem can only be solved by a careful analysis of the cases in connection with the occupations of the people. Wlthjthe kind intention of helping half the world tolearnhow some oi the remaining half man ago to live, " An East Sussex Incumbent" sends us a short and single balance- sheet, more useful to the mass of our readers, he thinks, than If It were tho statement ol some huge bankruptcy. We agree with him In the opinion that, on public aa well as on private grounds. It greatly concerns all of us to know how labour lives, and how the people we are all so spt to think lncapablo of self- management do yet manage to e^ lst, to lool£ fairly well and content, and to bring up lsrge families. They certainly achieve what their betters often fall to accomplish With Incomparably greater opportunities and powerp. How, then, do they manage It? By submitting to the teaching of Nature and the rule of necessity. If a labourer can only Tea train his appetite and get with his money Just what he wants, nothing else than he wants, and no more than he wants, Nature will do the rest for him. The figures of necessity are almost universal and stereotyped, within a considerable range of time and place. Ihough our corre- spondent seems to think his balance- sheet a novelty— In- deed, something like a discovery, It wonderfully talllei with a whole fagot of like balance- sheets before us. gathered from informants forty years ago in a south- midland county. Bread, of course, Is a large and, as regards price, a fluctuat- ing Item ; but the rule is a gallon of flour for each member of the family above Infancy. 11 a grown- up person, or a fast- growing person, has to depend chiefly on bread, he will eat about one quarter, or 64 gallons a year. Tho average, how- ever, is about a pound weights day— that is, a gallon a week. In the example given the family consists of a man, an invalid wife, and six children, the eldest 14. Here, then, are seven gal- lons, or 7s. a week. Then come two pounds of Dutch cheese — most of it tor the father, we suppose— a good basis for physical, though not so good for mental exertion. Then a pound of butter, costing now more than the two pounds a. cheese, chiefly for tho mother and the chiidron. who under stand by bad times supping on bread without butter. A pound and a half of candles, costing 10Jd-, Is a good deal to pay for darkness made visible. Schooling stands for 7d.; washing. Including mangling, for Is. Id.; soap, 2d. ; soda and blue, Id.; salt and pepper, a halfpenny; two ounces ol tea, 4cL ; two pounds of sugar, 7d ; cotton, mustard, < fcc., 8d.; the weekly total, 16s. 10Jd. All this Is lor rent, lood, and schooling, before we come to clothing, to fuel, to drink, to extras, or casual expenses. But this, as our correspondent states at once, Is an excep- tional case. Tho mother cannot earn a penny, but Is, on the other hand, described as a clever manager. She is, we. sup- pose, a strict disciplinarian, for the management shown in this balance- sheet is of the ordinary sort. In mauy parts of England it Is assumed that the mother, either by field work, or by helping at the farm- hnusg, or by needlework or some handicraft, can earn about thiee shillings a week, and with that clothe herself and all the children too young for w rk. In the ca3e before us. the mother, being a per- manent Invalid, receives charitable assistance to that extent without having to leave her family. On the other hand, it appears that she has to put out her washing. Oar corre- spondent, by the way, ought to have told us why the girl of fourteen can earn nothing, and do nothing, except at hop. picking and In the acorn season Then we are told why the rent is 2s. per week. It must be because there Is a good Kden with it; yet, unless this be Implied In the profltablo ping of pigs, there is no mention of that addition to the household resources. The pigs ore set down as an annual Kofit of £ L If that be all, thoy are not worth the trouble, o nuisance, the temptations, and the risk— all important considerations— and we are left to ask why the pigs are not eaten on the premises. The milk account Is very small for a family. On the other hand, taking all the year round, and with tho uso of lamps, light need not cost nearly a shilling a week. Then, In the old accounts before us we find lard used to coouomlze butter, not to speak of " dripping," which Is not always to be found. Sugar and tea are now very much cheaper than they were forty years ago. On the whole, most of our readers will think this is very poor living for a family of eight persons. Including an invalid mother and a growing girl. But there is a good deal more to be added on the side of outgoings. Tho man's clothing, Including his boots, and theboots of the children, is on the old scale of simple necessity, costing about what they would forty years ago. For a hardworking man 20a a year for clothes and 123. for boots seems very little ; but It Is possible, for it Is fact, and a very extensive fact. Firing, in tho form of fagets. stands at £ 2, which is not much, compared with the cost of fuel In some parts of EQgland. The estimated earnings, in- cluding all extras, are £ 63 4s. ; tho estimated outgoings, In- cluding many extras, aro £ 40 9s. 6d., leaving aDalance of £ 3 14s. fid. for coals and meat, and for clothing for wife and children, which, ono is disposed to add. Is impossible. It must be seen that this statement, on the face of it, indicates either a larger amount of assistance from kind neighbours our clerical friend will acknowledge, or points to ulti- mate bankruptcy as far as that is possible to a cottager. It may be confidently stated that by far the greater part of the working families of this country have to live, and do live, on very much less than appears on thlj balunce sheet. It must, indeed, be a fortunate and favoured agricultural family that receives more than a pound a^ week on the average, with no ono but the fathor in receipt of regular wages. Most agricultural families have very much less, and, whit Is more, have not the full benefit of their weekly earn- ings. Supposing this man to spend Ave shillings a weefc In drink, if is evident that tho supply of food would have to be curtailed, or tho rent allowed to fall Into arrear, or all the littlo comforts to be stopped, or cleanli- ness discarded, or the family allowed to go In rasa, perhaps all together. Then, what If sickness or other cala- mity fall on the family T No doubt there ore hundreds of thousands living in this country not in tho enjoyment of this scalo ol living, but In the want of it, looking back to it, perhapa hardly forward to it, as the Ideal of their existence. But let us not suppose that there is not scope for Ingenuity or management in the cottage. Tho best housewife Is tho homely, contented, unambitious, un- Eretentions woman, who thinks of little on earth except er husband and children, and desires no greater success than to see them fed and clothcd according to their means, and able to do the work and duties of their station. It will often be found that the merest drudge of a wife and mother, with an almost Idiotic simplicity as to matters out of her cottage, has better results to show than clever, talking, and educated women with souls above their domestic duties. The management of a rustic household is a very homely and common affair; but It certainly does require the constant exercise of so mo ordinary virtues. It calls for content, dili- gence, self- denial, punctuality, patience, and, now and then, some forbearance— the virtues of a meek and quiet spirit, warmed up with natural affection. THE CAUSES OF DEATH. The Timet has the following instructive and interesting synopsis of the return of the Eegistrar- General, for the year 1670, recently Issued]:— Life Is sweat, and wo are all interested in noting— In order that we may neutralize— the causes of its de- struction. The volume recently issued by the Regis- trar- General shows in detail for the year 1870 the diseases of which ( accordingto tho Registrars) people died in England; and Dr. W. Farr classes the fatal diseasesof the year in the five orders in which it is usual to arrange them. It was a year in which the deaths exceeded the average, and amounted to 22 9 per 1,000 persons living. The increase occurred m zvmoUo diseases, a ola- n very much under the control of man. The deaths from this class of the " hostile forces of nature B or our own negligences, amounted to 5' 4 per 1,000 persons living, or 23' 5S per cent, of all the deaths. Scarlet fever prevailed extensively, and diarrhea* was very fatal, owing much to defective water supplies. The deaths from common cholera roas to 1. C65. Dr. Fan observes that cholera is more completely under medical control any other known epidemic disease; its propagating fluid is tangible, and can be destroyed, and the disease almost invariably begins aa diarrhena, which can in very many cases be stopped:. The disease here never decimates cities, except when The increase of deaths ascribed to apoplexy, paralysis, and insanity is striking. The average annual number of deathB by apoplexy was 451 per mil- lion persons living in 1850- 59, 481 in 1860- 69, and 521 in 1870; the numbers by paralysis were respectively 453, 500, and 523; by insanity, 26, 29, and 39. The mortality by bronchitis in the same periods was 1,187, 1,749, and 2,097 ; an increase apparently pointing to the necessity of getting rid as much as possible of all mechanical irritants in the air we breathe, and espe- cially of the smoke of towns, the dost of workshops, and the close air of mines. We come now to the fourth class of diseases— viz., developmental, causing nearly 3' 5 deaths to 1,000 persons living, or 15 per cent, of all the deaths of the year. Under this class are included premature births, the Blow decay of age, malformations of various kinds, the atrophy of infancy, and debility. In the four years 1847- 50 the number of deathB of mothers from the consequences of childbirth was no less than 59 to every 10,000 children born alive; in the four years 1867- 70 the deaths had fallen to 45. But Btill there is great room for improvement. Dr. Farr quotes Miss Nightingale's account of the success of the wooden huts provided for the confinement of soldiers' wives at Shorncliffe, each patienthavingaseparate compartment, and he says that accommodation might well be pro- vided in our towns at a cheap rate, enabling wives of working men to retire into a hut for a few days, until their trouble was over. What Dr. Farr calls the " natuary," clean and ventilated, with proper appli- ances and a midwife on the spot, would be of more use even than a mortuary. It would succeed eventually, though at first, before its uses were understood, it would not be self- supporting. He suggests that the Peabody fund might give the natuary" a trial, by building a few suitable housed in the right quarters, and letting them on easy terms. We are now arrived at the fifth and last class of deaths— violent deaths. In the year 1870 there were 16,593 deaths directly referred to external causes— 14,393 to accident or negligence, 381 to homicide, 1,554 to sniclde, 7 to execution, and 258 to unspecified vio- lence. The mortality is at the rate of 0745 to 1,000 persons living, which is below the rate of the previous five years. The violent deaths of the year were 3 " 2 per cent, of the total mortality. The homicides ( murder and manslaughter) were 17 in a million persons living, and were fewer than in any ono of the preceding eight years. There were 930 violent deaths by accidents connected with railways, 1,000 by coal mine accidents, and 102 by accidents connected with other mines. The year's register show 272 deaths by injuries from horses or other animals, and 1,136 from horse conveyances ; 78 from injuries by agricultural machinery; 112 by sun- stroke: 19 by lightnin?. There were 164 persons drowned while bathing, and 37 while sliding or skating; 141 died from exposure to cold; 60 were suffocated by food, and 4 by swallowing coins. There were 32 deaths by hydrophobia, and two men died from " the bite of a doc*" There : was a death reeister in England in 1S70 fro m every one of the following causes— the bite of an adder, the bite of a rat, a cat sleeping on the face, swallowing a pin, swallowing a cherry stone, putting a bead in the ear, hiemorrage from the ex- traction of a tooth. These were all deaths of children. An old man died from the bite of a cat, and a woman from the prick of a thorn. The 12 most fatal diseases of 1870 were the Same 12 as in 1869:—& 4,231 persons died in 1870 from phthisis, 46,699 from bronchitis, 32,543 from scarlet fever, 30,523 from atrophy and debility, 28,891 from old age, 26,548 from convulsions, 25.311 from diarrhoea, 23,957 from heart disease, 23,729 from pneumonia, 11,901 from whooping- cou? h, 11,651 from paralysis, 11,593 from apoplexy. Three deaths In five were as- cribed to one or the other of these 12 causes. On Saturday last the scene of the distressing accident si Pelsall was visited by a vast number of persons. The Bishop of Lichfield was amongst those who were present, and his lordship held a short service on the pit bank. The scene is thus described by a correspondent of the DaQy Sevs :— With the first train this morning there arrived a great throng, which has continually increased till by mid- day the pit bank was densely covered, and the fringes of the crowd extended far out into the adjacent fields. There is a continuous influx, and before night- fall many thousands probably will have gathered. A more decorous crowd it is impossible to imagine. The people stand silently and patiently gazing at the steady movement of thepumpingmachinery. eagerfor the ripple of a rumour from the inner ring as to the results of the pumping. It is second nature for the pitman to hug in his arms the brindled cross between a bulldog and a nhound: but to- day he takes no pleasure in his pet. i not because the church bells are chiming— in strange, unwonted refrain to the measured beating of the steam engines— that you hear not an oath or a rough word; the awe of the calamity and sympathy for the afflicted ones are the causes for this wondrous deco- rum of word and deed in a Black country crowd. Men circulate distributing tracts; at every gap the coin3 are rattling Into the boxes. Down in the church on the common, Dr. Selwyn, the Bishop of Lichfield is pray- ing the good Lord to deliver His folk " from lightning and tempest; from plague, pestilence and famine; from battle and murder, and from sudden death." In a field hard by the pit bank a Methodist preacher, raised on an extempore platform, is preaching and praying to a vast crowd that hn3 gathered round. From the dense black mass listen to the hymn that rises heavenward in the still air of the Sabbath fore- noon. Out of the depths to Thee we cried, Our voice, Lord, do Thou hear I And to our supplication's voice Give an attentive ear 1 The words are sung with a fervour that denotes how intensely their pregnant meaning is felt. At half- past twelve the Bishop arrived at the pit- head, and an old truck is wheeled to the summit, upon which the Rev. Mr. Turner, curate of Pelsall, mounts, and gives out the Hundredth Psalm. This is sung with fervour by the nearest bystanders, in the presence of a vastaudiencegatheredonanatural amphitheatre formed by the mounds of coal waste. The traction engine puffs away in front, and the tingle of the cage bell and the rush of the water from the tank breaks in oi the upraised voices of the multitude. The psalm being sung, the Bishop appeals to his hearers to offer up prayer to Almighty God for their brethren shut up in the pit, " praying God, in his mercy, to give giem strength to enable them to endure hunger and to aid our endeavours to rescue tbem from the pit." Deep and heartfelt are the responses to this appeal, and many an eye is wet as Bishop Selwyn offers up the special prayer for men in danger. A few short words of exhortation were interrupted by a cry that the tank had fouled the side of the pit, one of the guiding rods having broken near the bottom. This untoward accident came at the time when hopes were highest that the hour of deliverance was at hand; and so serions was the loss of time that many, even of the most hopeful, began to despair. Two men were soon sent down on the tank. The broken part of the guide rod was cut away, and a new piece hammered into its place. The Bishop's informal little sermon had no affect in preventing the gearing of the tank in the drawing shaft from getting out of order. This lengthened the fall inside the circle on the pit bank. Mr. Ness, the FifeBhire mining engineer, who, with his calm, Scot- tish common- sense, has been from the first the main motive power of the work, and who has never quitted the pit bank day or night since it began, gets shorter and sharper in his answers, a sure sign that he is any- thing but gratified at the evil fortune. Still the day is not yet lost by any means, although a gloom iB ques- tionless cast athwart it. A miner comes out of the cabin shaking his head, and muttering ominous fore- bodings. " Whence the despondency ?" I asked him. " The wives of the men down below have begun to eat," he says and passes on. There is, it seems, a strange old superstition among the women in such cases that it bodes evil things if they break their fast while as yet there may be life in the men down below. But on the fourth day of abstinence these women, it seems, were too sore and hungered to restrain themselves longer from food, and the superstitious pit- man had seen them eating and drawn his own con- clusions. . . • . Again the weary night closed in, and at no de- liverance or no relief from the suspense. The dense crowd all around thronged upon the ropes that kept clear the little central circle. Under the gearing stood the Bishop with a sorrowful knot of women hanging akrtind the hovel doorway behind him. Bravely wrought the tanks in both the pits as the experts went away to hold a little informal meeting " In. the office to decide on a pre- arranged plan of operations, in view of the now near future. It was settled that the very moment the water should permit, an exploring party of pit- men, headed by a determined mining engineer, should hasten into the upper workings, providing there should be no foul air found. In the event of there being foul air,- which was tantamount to a certainty that there was no life in the pit, then the air shafts should be at once- rigged and set to work. It was determined to divide the volunteers into gangs to relieve each other, for the flake of obtaining a measure of rest; and Ness, and Checkley volunteer simultaneously to head the exploring party. Just as the gathering had dis- persed, Starkey and another went down the drawing pit, and having groped about in the water for some time, came tp bank and' reported— quietly, lest the crowd should become excited— that the highest bar of the inset waevfeible. This meant that there waq but^ our feet more water to- be pumped before a descent was practicable. Then intervened another sickening delay. .. . Monday. The worst is known at Pelsall ( writes the sam6 Correspondent). At half- past seven the mouth of the inset having been cleared, of " black damp " by the air troughs, an exploring party went down, consisting of Messrs. ChcCkley, J. Pi Baker, Lindop, and Evans. They penetrated about twenty yards up, and then were arrested by the sudden obliteration of the inset. The roof' had.-.' fallen in, and displaced the props supporting it. A dead block was created through a little natural culvert in which percolated a stream of water. The abrupt' wall of coal and clay was a stern fact, and the exploring. party returned to bank with the bad news. Old miners, who kno » the workings, believe that the lapse of the roof extends for at least eifcht yards, and that behind is a great dam| of water. In this case; and the belief seems feasible, the greatest caution will have to be exercised to avert another catas- trophe when the fall is excavated by the working parties of udders. The work must take hours, it may takeJdayB, and there may be founda mournful satisfac- tion in the belief of the most experienced that the im- prisoned twenty- two could not possibly have survived the influx of the water beyond a few hours. The concluding scene on the- pit bank wa3 very affecting. Standing forward on a truck in the full glare of one of the cressets, Mr. North, the engineer of the mine, detailed the discovery made by the exploring parties, referred to, the absolute uncertainty as to the time when the excavation could be completed, and counselled the persons present to accept the inevitable, once and for all, and to disperse to their homes. Then the Rev. Mr. Turner, the curate of PelsAll, took Mr, North's place, and Baid a few earnest manly words. He bore a tribute to the. real and energy with which all employes and volunteers had worked during the four anxious days and nights that had passed Bince the acci- dent had occurred. There was an allusion to the widows and orphans which need not be repeated, for its nature will suggtet itself to every reader. Then Mr. Turner supported air. North's advice, that the on- lookers should disperse and waste no more time over an anxiety that must now be, undoubtedly, futile. And so men and women in sorrowful silence turned their backs on that weary pit- bank and went their ways. Immediate preparations were commenced ' to enable successive gangs of miners to work at the excavation of the fallen mass, and the work will be carried on without inter- mission until entry is effected into the workings beyend. WEDNESDAY. A meeting was held yesterday to organise a sub- senphon for the widows and orphans of the unfortu- nate miners. Meetings will also be held in the - other large towns in the district Nearly two hundred pounds has already been raised. The gangs m the pit which had been sent down in turns to remove the enonnous dam of Bflt which had . barred the progress < 4 the exploring party en. Mon- jjay jught continued amidst great difficulties to remove • tjaobk- truction Inch by inch, and before many hours had elap^ * heap of loose stone was ready to be conveyS V" » the top of the shaft. Theodoux of dfcorn- podtiSn waa- ^ J^^ 1^ and doubts Wv^ ", to whether it didi not arise from the ^ the dead horsey « " urmiswL At about three o'clock yesterday . mornm* Mr. Helnke, of Great Portl n a- street, LoDc'°^ £ arrived at the house ol ^ b4ron& ht " 1th him two divers, who woOK4 . be able to enter the mine in costume, and be perfect.' free from the effects of choke- damp, but the& service ^ scarcely bo of any u « e now that the roads of the pit v ^ completely blocked j The divers were, however, detain*'., and they were in I the immediate vicinity of the pit £ t noon- Several ; descents were made into the dratfirg- shaft in the , morning, and on each occasion it was found that tha ' men were proceeding very rapidly with the work of re- moving the obstruction. At a descent which w. ia made just before eleven o'clock it was discovered that there was perfect ventilation in the mine, the two sets of air pipes in the drawing shaft having done their work, j Shortly before twelve o'clock Messrs. S. Checkley, R. Evans, and A. H Lindop descended the mine, and 1 found that the silt had been cleared away for tenor eleven yards. There was a total disappearance of choke damp, but there was a great danger of another portion of the roofing falling in. Should this bapnen the obstruction, of course, will be increased, and it will take several weeks before it can be sufficiently cleared to allow of the passage of an exploring party. THE WALTER PRESS. ( From the Scotsman.) The first Walter Press other than those used In printing The Times and the Scotsman is now at work in St. Louis, Missouri, the proprietors of the Missouri Republican having been fortunate enough, not- withstanding the almost prohibitive duty of some- thing like thirty per cent, on the value of all manu- factured machinery imported into the United States, to secure an arrangement for the manufacture, in The Times- office, of one of these printing machines. Copies of the Missouri Republican, printed on the new machine, have just come to hand, and the results, in so far as the appearance of the work is concerned, are highly satisfactory. The issue of October 27 contains a long account of the Walter Press, illustrated with a large engraving, and the productive powers of the machine are spoken of in the highest terms. An engineer and a machinist from The Times- ofiico w^ nt to St. Louis with the machine, which, it is stated, was unpacked, lowered into the machine- room, erected, and made ready for working in the short space of five days. It is satisfactory to find that the debt which this country has so long owed to the United States in the matter of printing machines— Hoe's machines, which have for a long time monopolized the work of printing the impressions of all the mo3t largely circulated news- papers, being of American invention— is thus beginning to be repaid ; and it is creditable to the enterprise of of the leading Missouri journal that it, and not one of the energetic and widely- circulated newspapers of New York or Philadelphia, should have been the first to take advantage of the wonderful capabilities of the new invention. The paper used for the Missouri Repub- lican in connexion with the new system has, we under- stand, been manufactured in this country, papermakers in the United Suates not having yet acquired sufficient knowledge as to the mode of reelinc paper in large webs suitable for use on the Walter Press. It may be worth noting that a Walter Pres3 will soon be in UBO in Vienna, one having been despatched to the proprietors of the Vienna Prtsse, and another is being manufactured for the same paper. The catalogue for the Vienna Exhibition will be printed in Vienna upon the first of these presses, and paper for it is at' present being manufactured in this country. In the course of a few days another Walter Press, the manufacture of which is just being completed in The Times- office for the use of the Scotsman, will be erected in the Scotsman- oBice and, when ready, it and the two that have been in use for some time will be worked simultaneously each momingin throwing off the impression of the Scotsman, at the rate of nearly40,000 copies per hour, printed on both sides. Two Walter Presses for the proprietors of the Birmingham Daily Post are likewise being manufactured, and they will, it is expected, be at work in Birmingham in the course of a few weeks, thus adding a third to the number of newspapers in this country printed in this new way. . ICE- BOUND MARINERS. A Christlanlacorrespondent writes to The limes:— " About the beginning of November the Norwegian Central Government at Christiania was informed by telegrams from its officials on the north- west coast that a number of those small craft which annually sail from the neighbourhood of Tromso, Hammerfest, & c,, had not returned, and that there existed good grounds for believing that the crews, numbering about 100 men, were on Spitsbergen,^ which they were prevented leavingby ice. As there is, perhaps, no country which contains somany men acquainted with those inhospitable northern regions as Norway, it was at once presumed, it is to be feared but too correctly, that there existed no chance, except out- ward help, by which these poor castaway mariners could get away from such dreary winter quarters, and that if no help could reach them there would be but a poor chance for any of the crews to outlive the winter, unprovided as they were with suitable clothing, food, and other necessaries. To the great praise of the Norwegian Government be it therefore said, the most energetic steps were at once taken, a naval officer was immediately Bent out to the harbour of Tonaberg, where there is laid up in the usual winter quarters the fleet of merchant sealers and the seal steamer Albert was selected as being the most suitable ship with which to make the attempt to reach Spitsbergen. The Govern- ment consequently chartered the Albert, and by great exertions succeeded in properly manning and fitting her out in the shortest possible time. The Albtrt is a very strong steamer, built about five years ago in Bremen, she measures 700 tons, is sheathed with hardwood, and steams about nine knots. She is fitted out with the necessary clothing and food, carries heavy signal, guns and rockets, and has two wooden houses with her, which it is intended to erect on shore at Spitzbergen at the most likely place for any stragglers to find them. JPhe ship is commanded by Captain L. Hansen, but he expedition is under the leadership of Captain G. Otto, the former of the merchant navy, the latter a Royal officer, but both men of great experience in the Arctic Seas." PROGRESS IN FIREPROOF NOR stone, nor Iron, for fire- proof building ' a good We're told ; we must go back, ' tis said, to wood. Does brick than timber burn more fast away I Should it not answer, gutta- percha may; Or rather India- rubber, wo suppose. Bince that's elastic, as the cant word goes.— Punch. CHURCH HISTORY IN ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL. The Rev. Canon Lightfoot on Tnefday evening de- livered the first three lectures on " Christian Life in the Second and Third Centuries," to a congregation of men, under the dome of St. Paul's Cathedral. Referring to the lectures given on the last three Tuesdays, he began by remarking that, while It was necessary to face the problems of the present, it WM not less important to review the experience of the past. The study of contemporary religion and politics would always exercise the most powerful fascination over our minds; but it was beset with the most serious disadvantages. In the first place we approached the subject with the blind partiality of men who had taken a distinct side in the conflict which they were reviewing. In the next, as we were placed in the very midst of the events, our ^ oint of view was neces- sarily confused, and we were incapacitated from esti- mating correctly their proportions. In the three lectures allotted to him ho proposed to dwell on some aspects of Christian life in the second and third centuries of our era. For the most part his illustrations would be drawn from the period of 150 years which followed upon the close of the first cen- tury. His starting point, therefore, would be marked in secular history by the accession of the Emperor Trajan, and in ecclesiastical history by the death of the last surviving Apostle, St John, for the two events were nearly coincident In confining himself to these limits he was anxious to exhibit Christianity as an In- dependent force, working in and by itself, without the aid of any extraneous supports or any peculiar advan- tages. Thus he excluded on the one hand the ages when the special influence and the extraordinary inspiration of the Apostles mi ght be thought to exempt the Church from THREE MONTHS WITH BRIGANDS. the common experiences of history. And on tho other hand he stopped short of the time when, under Con- stantino, the Church entered into an alliance with the State, and it became difficult henceforth to estimate how far its triumphs should be ascribed to its own in- herent force, and how far to the support of the civil arm. During the period to which he restricted himcelf, there was no disturbing element in tho calculation. Whatever successes it achieved were dbe solely to its own vital energy, to the working of its Christian ideas through the Christain society. Striking the key- note of the investigation he began by quoting a remarkable description of the early Christians by one of themselves, who appeared to have lived close upon the confines of the Apostolio Age. The writing from which the extract was taken— the Epistle to Diognetus— was a fragment without a name apd with- out a date, a single page from out of the vast volume of Christian literature in the second century which, with a few meagre exceptions, had altogether perished. The writer seemed to have embodied in it the very spirit of the Gospel. Compared with the- noblest utterances of heathen sage or moralist of the time— with the dogmatism of an Epictetus, or the plaintive aspirations of a M. Aurelius— it soared into a loftier region than any of these. There was an energy and m vitality in it a consciousness of strength, a capability of endurance, and an assurance of triumph wholly dif- ferent in land from the religious sentiments of heathen- dom. The secret of this moral force was that the writer left one in no doubt He did not ref^ r to the moral precepts of the Gospel, or , to the social prganixa- tion of the Church, or to the philosophical dogmas of Christianity, but to a person and a fact Not a word was said about any of those five causes which Gibbon paraded before his readers when he attempted to ao- count for the unparalleled triumphs of Christianity— the pertinacious zeal of the Christians, the alluring promises of future bliss, the miraculous powers claimed by the Primitive Church, the austere morality of the new society, and the efficient discipline of the body. These, so far as they were causes, were only secondary causes. Canon Lightfoot proceeded to deal with the taunt of the early antagonists of Christianity, that the new re- ligion did not recruit its ranks from the moat exalted, the most intellectual, or the most respectable classes of society, and then, with the practical difficulties which, whatever the rank of the Christian, beset his path. It was next to impossible for U3 to realise the ubiquity, the obtrusiveness of polytheism. All the public offices of Rome were connected with the sanctu- aryof some god— the Temple of Mars wasthe WarOfficej the Temple of Juno, the Mint; the Temple of Saturn, the Treasury, and so forth. Thus every official duty was bound upi with some religious sanction. When Roman civilisation and enlightenment had reached the highest pitch, during the reign of Augustus, the impor- tation of corn from Egypt, en which the Roman [ popu- lace largely depended for support, was deified and a niche assigned to the new goddess Annona in the pan- theon of Roman worship— very much as though among ourselves Free Trade were to receive the honour of an apotheosis. But the elasticity of polytheism was not confined to matters of general and public interest Each several locality had its patron deity— the house and the field, the stable and the farmyard. Even the sewage of Rome was under the protection of some god. Every desire and every sentiment, every virtue, and one might almost Bay every vice, of man underwent an apotheosis. Nay, so far aid this passion for deification go that there was hardly a ramification of human life or development of human action left un- occupied. Tertullian, with savage humour, paraded the names of gods and goddesses who presided over the birth and nurture of a child— Edula and Potina over its eating and drinking, Cunina over its slumbers in the cradle, Rumina over its suckling, Farinus or Locutius over its first lesson in talking, Statrna over Its first efforts at standing, with numberless others. Amid this multitudinous throng of deities the position of the early converts must have been difficult indeed. To keep themselves pure from idols, as it was their most elementary duty, as also was their direst perplexity. No wonder that to the careless heathen they appeared morose, reserved, unsympathetic in private life. After describing the brutalizing public games and amusements of that period, the lecturer concluded by eloquently describing the influence exercised by Christianity In bringing about the abolitionjof slavery. A letter from Naples of the 11th inst In the Swiss Times saya :— " Since the last sum on account of the ransom for Mancusi was paid to Manzi, the brigand chief, we hear from Salermo that the brigands ( now reduced to five in number) wished to accompany Mancusi to the first houses in Calabritto, notwithstanding that Mancusi re- quested Manzi to retire, fearing an encounter in which, he, Mancusi, ofter having miraculously escaped during four months, every danger, might become a further victim. Manzi replied that he feared nothing, and appeared secure against any encounter. As soon as he had left Mancusi, with whom he exchanged, as with an old and cordial friend, repeated kisses and embraces, Manzi retook, in perfect peace, his way up the hills. Mancusi relates that Manzi has treated him very well, having shown him such kindness and politeness as could scarcely have been expected from a brigand. At parting Man- cusi received at the hands ' of Manri the liberal sum of 400 francs for travelling expenses. The Bufferings of Mancussi during long marches, when sleeping under trees in distant and unknown forests, and other annoyances to which be has been subjected so long, can be but littlo ' imagined. From Calabritto to Eboli, from Eboli to San Cipriano and Giffoni, the native place of Ma. nonsi, the latter bad, as a triumphal escort the authorities and an immense population who greeted, a/ jxioudy enough, that rich ' trophy' of the brigands." Upwards of -£ 300,000 is the average annual sum paid in this courjtry ior. foreign artificial flowers. A RAILWAY BROKEN BY THE SEA. An accident which might have been attended with the most serious consequences, but which, fortunately, resulted only in a temporary obstruction of: traffic, oo curred on Saturday moming, between the Penmaen- mawr and Llanfairfechan stations of the Chester and Holyhead section of the London and North- Western Railway: Between the two stations named the main line Bkirtq the base of Penmaen Mountain, whiph rises ab- ruptly from the sea, and to protect the permanent way from the violence of the waves there is constructed a massive boundary wall. This line is particularly- exposed to danger when there are high tides and strong gales # from the north- east, as was the case on Friday night The recent continuous heavy Btorms considerably im- paired the foundations of this wall, and gangs of workmen have for some time been employed in strengthening and repairing the masonry. A strong hurricane raged on Friday night ana during the morning of Saturday, ana as it was momentarily feared that the wall would give way, a number of the company's servants were stationed in the vicinity to give immediate intimation should the line get damaged. The waves dashed with great fury against the wall, and by half- past eleven succeeded in undermining it to auch an extent that the line gave way in three places, damaging the permanent way for a distance of half a mile. There were three large chasms, one measuring 35 feet long by 20 deep. The 1015 up train passed safely just before the accident as did also a goods train, the latter, however, having a sleepers still bridged over the pitst proved unable to bear the weight of the passing train, and gave way. The couplings of some of the last trucks broke, but fortunately the waggons retained sufficient velocity to carry them safely over. The accident was speedily known at the adjacent stations, and as the line is worked on thetilock system trains from Chester and Holyhead were detained re- spectively at Llanfairfechan and Penmaen ma wr, and passengers and luggage conveyed between these points by means of a large number of vehicles, which were ob- | tained from the neighbouring town. After a short de- ! lay, Mr. Binger, district manager, and Mr. Hedworth I Lee, the company's engineer, were soon on the spot I and steps were immediately taken to construct a dttour ! line, which was got ready in time for the 9 p. m. up I mail from Bangor. It wfll take considerable time, and | expense to properly prepare the old line. Had the I accident occurred at night the consequences wouM have been terrible, as thejscene of the accident islclose I to a ' A serious outbreak of pleuro- pneumonia has just oc- curred among the cattle on several forms In Sheffield and the neighbourhood. Some of the animals have been slaughtered In order to prevent the spread of the complaint ! THE FALMOUTH & PENRYN WEEKLY TIMES. SATURDAY, NOV. 30, 1873. SNIPE AND SNIPE- SHOOTING. ( From Belgravia.) Snipe feed on worms and insects which they find in the moist ground, as also on mails, which last have been found whole In their stomachs. They usually have abundance of fat, which is not apt to cloy, and rarely disagrees with those that eat it. The snipe is cocked like the woodcock, without extracting the " trail," and is justly esteemed for its delicious flavour. The jack- mipe is a smaller bird than the common Gaipe, and never met with in such numbers; it lies very close, and from its habit of dropping as if shot just before the trigger is pulled, often leads the sports- man to think he has hit, when, upon proceeding to pick- up his bird, he is startled by the apparation of the • defunct vigorously taking wing. Maxwell, who in his Wild Sports of the West always has a tale apropos to ' something, amusingly describes tbe peculiar jknack of dropping this bird has, by relating how one in the ® oighbourhood of Castlebar afforded the garrison sport • for a winter; one gallant sabreiir alone having enjoyed ^ twenty- three shots at this charmed " jack- snipe," who eventually was shot, accidentally as many believed, to thegreat grief of his friends in garrison. The great, or solitary, snipe is not a common bird in England, though often met with in Scotland and Ire- land. They are, as a rule, found alone^ Jience the ao& riourf. We once heard a dogmatic add choleric naval captain assert " that snipe always lift them- selves up off the ground with their bills prior to takipg flight," and that at this precise moment lie always shot them. This idea that the snipe makes use of its " bill as a leaping- pole is not by any means uncommon amongst ignorant people. Johnson, in his Shooter's Companion, says, " In those parts of the country where I have resided the idea that tne snipe rose from its bilL or, that in rising from the ground to fly. this bird pushed itself up by its long bill, so as to be able to use its wings, was the uniform and mistaken belief." The fact of the matter is, a sportsmen rarely, if ever sees a snipe on the ground before it rises ; ana with the exception of the gallant officer hereinbefore mentioned, we never remember having met with any one who positively asserted that hp actually saw this wonderful phenomenon. We dismiss it, as Johnson did, as a fond thing vainly invented." The snipe is regarded, and justly so, as a difficult bird to nit, from its peculiarly erratic and zigzag flight for the first few hundred * yards of its aerial career. Perhaps the best recipe we have heard for using a gun against these birds fell from the lips of a gallant relict of our Peninsular army, and a veteran sportsman to boot: " Shoot," he used to inculcate upon us—" shoot at or about where you expect the bird will be when you ^ Snipe- shootmg, like most arts, can only be acquired by excessive practice, and by opportunity of indulgence in the pastime. The best method to pursue on a " beat" for these birds, is to walk down wind, as they prefer flying in the " wind's eye," and thus give a semi- circular flight within reach of the sportsman, and re- main within gunshot a longer time in trying to accom- plish their object. A very slight blow bnngB down this bird ; and, ' unless carefully marked, they are often difficult to find. We have seen it gravely asserted in quasi- sporting books that wounded snipe never run from the spot they fall in when hit Having fre- quently seen them do it both in the bogs of Ireland and the " paddy- fields " of Japan, we must either dis- believe in the evidence of our senses, or the veracity of these eminent authors. An old pointer is best for snipe- shooting, as a alow but sure dog is what is re- buired for this sport; a young and hot dog, given to long and wild ranges, being more likely to put up the birds in a " wisp" than to induce them to lie. by •' pottering" amongst them, and " winding" their whereabouts at a distance, thus giving the shooter time to deliberately and carefully walk them up one by one. It very often happens that even the beet dog will fail to detect the presence of these birds, although almost under his nose, as they often drop from the air on to a spot snd lie as flat as stones; and if other birds have not frequented the place, he has little or no chance of detecting them by their effluvium, as it is very faint Whin birds are plentiful, however, a dog is unneces- sary, as they can be easily " walked up." Large parties are never successful at making large bags of snipe; it is pre- eminently a sport where silence and nfriil go hand- in- hand ; and large shooting parties gene- rally make more noise and smoke than is conducive to sport The beet snipe- shots we have ever met kept *' both eyes open when firing." According to this rule, men of the world ought to kill more snipe than those who are unacquainted with its wiles. Such we believe to be _ the case, as it is an essential thing in snipe- shooting to have a quick eye and a ready hand. ORIGIN OF THE MASTIFF. opinion that but for the existence of thp, bull- dog the mastiff would never have been recovjr4d. It is my belief that the breed was resuscitate crossing the bulldog ttriih the foreign boarhound f and j think that there are mastiff- breeders alive w* fl0 could enlighten us if they would. The rapid incre ue aqd growing excel • lence of our Mastiffs is to me ' jne 0f the wonders of the dog world, recollecting as. 1 do the meagre materials which were at hand. The following extracts from " The Dog," by Idstone, will Interest some of our readers :— The mastiff was known to the Greeks as the MoUossus, and it obtained this name from Molossis, a part of Epirus, opposite Corfu, whence at that early period the beet sorts were obtained. Probably the breed was imported subsequently from Middle Asia, until it became distributed throughout Europe, and in unsettled times it was used in these islands as a terror te the thief; whence its name " Mase thefe," or, according to William Harrison ( 1586), •' Master theefe." It was also called the Allan, or Alaunt, whilst a smaller and probably mongrelised species was known as the " Bandog," because it was generally used as a chained or banded yard- dog, confined to the vehicle it was intended to protect, precisely as carriers often use a dog at the present time. It has been asserted that the mastiff of Thibet ( which has been assumed to be the origin of the present mastiff) is sculptured upon an Assyrian tomb, 604 B. C. The tomb is that of the son of Esar- haddon; but Darwin tells us in a note ( after quotingthe instance) that a gentleman conversant with the Thibetan mas- tiff says it is a different animal. The Assyrian dog, taken from a wild ass- hunt in one of the bas- reliefs of Nineveh at the British Museum, is supposed by some to be the Thibet dog described by Marco Polo as of the size of the asses. Probably this is the same animal as that to which Darwin refers; if so, it is pre- cisely the mastiff of the present day, and in its action exactly represents Mr. Kingdom's " Barry," as I wit- nessed him, rampant and straggling with his master, at the Plymouth Show of 1870. Oppian'B war dogs are described as having light hazel eyes, a truncated muzzle, loose skin above the brows, great stature, and muscular legs. Their colour and the volume or quality « f their coats we are not told. It seems, according to Colonel Hamilton Smith, that there was also a race of ochre- coloured dogs, with a dark muzzle, and also a blue or slate- coloured dog, called by Casllus the Olaucus molossus, which was also a broad- mouthed dog, as the mastiff ought to be. I have also seen an engraving from a tile dug up from the supposed ruins of Babylon, representing a genuine smooth mastiff led in a rope by a man armed with a short club. Probably a man of superior stature and strength would be selected to dis- cipline such a monster: and supposing the keeper to be six feet high, this Titanic animal would bo forty- eight inchee high, and hie limbs are represented as large er larger than the man's legs, the coil of rope round his neck being about the size of a ship's cable. All we Imow is that a race of mastiff or bulldog, or both, ex- isted m this country before the arrival of the Romans; and that according to the descriptions which reach us, tney were like those of Central Asia, or such as are mentioned by Megasthenes, massive of limb, muscular, broad, large- headed, and with blunt muzzles. ... « ^ f^!, th- e, bTlU'd, 0^', the ma ® tifl has existed from time i ™ ^ ™ 1 ? thU kingdom. In the days of Cieaar, ^ Sw. ™ 10' the1d(^ B of Britain were superior coveted, " ported, and doubtless used But they were also and every villeins, as we find from Jesse had to maintain one of these f^ j th° headu* kound, or Molossus, being used for chasing the larger animals. Some of the dogs employed to destroy the boars or the wolves which < Te- vastated the flocks may have been bred from an early period in tJus island; but as I have already stated, I have little doubt that the mastiff, largely employed for this purpose, was an imported and highly- valued dog . kept by the wealthy, and carefully and purely bred as an article o£ barter. Probably it was never very abundant, certainly not very common; and the colours were fallow, granite, grey, brindled, or barred, and occasionally either blajk, red, or even white. These colours are permitted at the present time, supposing that there is a black muzzle ; but the granite— and, in Painters' language, the cooler the colour the better- is the hue or the stain which I should consider most meritorious. The vexed question whether the bulldog is derived from the mastiff, or vice vcrsd, I shall not enter into. It can Haver be decided, but 1 sdll express my deoided GAMEIJE'SS OF TERRIERS. I had a couple of terriers from Mr. Wootton, of his est blood, whioli at once went to ground, and showed the very greatest game and determination. The keepers, who used to borrow them to decrease the number of badgers, which were becoming a nnkance, dug eleven one winter near me, and never would go without them. On one occasion my son, to whom they really belonged, left a dogofMr. Wootton' 6 because they could not dig out. He had run back from the dog- cart, and had gone into the earth like an express tram after they were beaten by the dark. I sent men to try and unearth him, with spades and lanterns; but they hard him baying the badger until dawn, when he came out to have a breath of air, and they caught him by the chain which he had gone in with when he escaped. And one of the same sort, not belonging to me, was never found again. This was one of the " Tartar " lot, and very like her sire. They had run a fox to earth in one of the covers amongst some fir- trees, and on a slope very near an enemy's country, and they determined to dig him; and my friend, living near, rather irmiscreetly volunteered to lend his terrier. Being a good- natured fellow, he was rather too liberal with beer jfrom the public- house ; and in the multitude of counsellors and excavators there was no wisdom. The huntsman, a stubborn ancj, I need hardly say, a stupid, pig- headed little fellow, was confident/ that he heard the dog in one direction, and the keeper' was as certain he was in another; so two parties began to dig and tfraw the sand, and no doubt buried the. d9g between them. After a couple of hours he blew his horn, spurred his hone maliciously, and shambled out of the cover to " get on home;" and then the tipsy Solomons had it all their own way. ; j At about half- past ten, on a cold, moonlight night, there was a knocking at my back door, and a groom, half- sobered by his two- miles' ride, and the fright . of passing close to the churchyard and un^ er the shadow of the large yew- tree, craved an interview. He told me that his " master sent his compliments, and that he was happy to say that his young dog ' Jacky' was gone to ground in the big earths a- top of Gallows Lane, and they rather thought they'd smothered him j and if I would bring old ' Burke' — ( my old experienced terrier, now blind, but still sensible)—" and a man or two, perhaps they coulS recover him." I went of course, and called for my beet man on my way— a short, thick sort of navigator, in the prime ot, life— and. by means of relays and pianagement, we got to the dog at about four or five in the morning, old " Burke" helping when we were at fault But poor young " Jacko " was stone dead, though he had struggled hard to turn ; he had been killed by the heap of eagth, and the weight of the tipsy scoundrels who were couched upon the sand above FIRMNESS WITH DOGS. In handling a new arrival, I have invariably found that the moat ill- tempered brute can be approached without danger, if he is first regarded with a fixed Bze and utter indifference as to his mood of manners, y next 6tep has always been to offer him the lack of my hand to smell and examine. He will sometimes make a feint of snapping, but if the hand is not withdrawn, it will be a feint only, and there is literally nothing for him to take hold of. I then gently stroke his head, and, regardless of all consequences, I proceed to unfasten his chain at the kennel end. After this he is my humble servant and we thoroughly understand that 1 have no fear and he has no bad intentions. I have tried this with all sorts of dogs, and I have never been bitten by them. I have purposely selected some of the most savage dogs at exhibitions, and at the Salisbury Dog- show I unfastened a fox terrier which the keepers were afraid to touch, on this principles and he eventually won the first prize at the show. The semblance of fear pleases a snappish dog ; it gratifies his vanity, and it has the same effect upon a canary or a goldfinch in con- finement Draw away your finger and the bird will fly at it, and eventually on it As I have entered on this subject I may observe that a strange dog occasionally has the trick of flying at people in the streets. A sudden stop will make such an animal ashamed of himself, and he will literally slink away if no fear is displayed. I put this in practice not many months ago, when an un- pleasant street dog, which had been lashed by a horse- breaker, was attracted by my being near the break whilst he smarted from the whip, and I was amuBed by the sudden change in his de- meanour when he saw that his rush was dis- regarded, or viewed with curiosity rather than alarm. As, however, many persons would find it im- possible to practise my philosophy, I am a thorough advocate for the utter rout discomfiture, or annihila- tion of all stray dogs, unless they are restrained with the French wire inuzzle— the only reliable instrument for the security of the public ; and I trust that the system commenced, I believe, in Glasgow or Liverpool may be extended not only to the towns, but the villages of England. THE BYGAS. ( From the CornhiU Magazine.) The Bygas. both men and women, are wonderfully expert with the axe, not only in felling trees, but in using it as a weapon of offence. More than one authenticated case has come to my knowledge of a tiger being Jrilled by Bygaa. They are seldom, if ever, the aggressors; but when the tiger has seized one of their number, his companions have simultaneously rushed upon the animal and killed him with a quick succession of blows of their small axes. Their own saying is, that the Byga is. born with an inherent know- ledge of the use of an axe, and hatred to a tree : and they have a proverb to this effect—" Give a child an axe as soon as he can crawl, and the first thing he does is to hack at a tree." On one occasion, on arriving at the village where I meant to encamp, the men were all absent on a hunting expedition; at first the women were a little Bhy, but when they understood that grass for the horses and firewood were all the requirements of the camp, old and young turned out with their axes and small sickles, and Boon brought in the requisite supplies. By way of recompense they asked to be allowed to 1 jok over the " sahib's bungalows," never having seen a tent before. Their exclamations of surprise were amusing. The real origin of the two races, Gond and Byga, is quite lost in obscurity. For many centuries the con- querors of the country have called them " Bhomeas," — children of the soil; deriving the name from the Sanskrit word " Bhom,"— the earth, on the principle that they sprung directly from the soil The only place where I could find any record of them was in some of the mythological stories contained in the old Sanskrit legends j these will tell you that originally the Bhomeas comprised the whole population of the earth ; inconvenience arose through all being on an equality, so a grand convocation was held. At this the ancestors of the present Bygas were elected to be priests and elders, receiving the name of Baghin, from " Bagh," tongue, and In," light. From that day the " Baghins," or Bygas, have bfcen the superiors, the authorities in all points of religious observance, and the arbiters in all questions connected with the soil. Every village especially retains the services of one Byga, and he is the great authority on all disputed points regarding the boundaries of forests and wastes. I have only onoe seen his fiat disputed, and on that occasion two Bygas differed in opinion as to the boundaries of their respective village. Words ran BO high that the villagers on each side turned out to back their respective champions, and not even the interference of the police could prevent a faction- fight The name of the Gonds is said, by the same authorities, to have been derived from tne two Sasnkrit words " Go," the earth, and " TJn," body. The theory is that the Gonds were orignally made out of the earth, mixed with the flesh and bleoa of one It& jal Bdnoo, a wicked king, through whose sins the whole population of the earth had been destroyed. Many other quaint legends regarding the origin of theee people might be quoted, but they are all purely mythical and very obecure. In numerical strength the Bygas count as about one to ten of the Gonds. Their physical appearance differs.' BO much according to locality, that a description is not easy. The Byga of the eastern bighlandB near Ummurkuntuk ia a far finer specimen of man than hfs namesake, who livea eighty miles farther west. In stature they are all be- low the average height of Europeans ; but to the east the race has deteriorated comparatively little. Few specimens of a low type of civilization were met with. They were manly, having some pretensions to good looks, longish beads, somewhat aquiline features, remarkably small hands, and with hair and features almost anti- Mongolian. Further west- ward all these physical characteristics of higher civilization are lost. The men are much below the average height of Eurotieans— many are barely four feet high; dark complexion^ when compared with Hindoos, roundish heads, distended nostrils, wide mouthB, thick lips, straight, unkempt black hair, scanty beard and moustache, and hair and features decidedly Mongolian. The various sects have peculiar customs as to the manner of wearing the hair:— the '' Mondhya " shave the entire head, only leaving one lock; the " Binjwar " never cuts the hair, but wear it tied up in a knot benind. Occasionally, but rarely, a woolly crop like an African's is met with ; and this is generally ac- companied with a stunted physique, flat head, thick lips, and distended nostrils. THE COMPETENCY OF A WITNESS. ( From Jerry: A Novel Oj Yankee American Life." By Mary 8. Gove Nichols.) As the trial approached, Jerry became very uneasy— indeed, almost unhappy. " Are you afraid to speak on the trial, Jerry ?" Baid George. " It aint that Mr. George ; I aint afraid to speak, or I guess 1 aint At any rate, jest now Tm afraid I shan't git the chance ; for Tim sayB they're goin' to prove I aint got sense enough to be a witness. Now, I don't think I've got much sense, and I don't know how much it takes to be a witness. I Just want you, Mr. George, and Miss Minnie, to tell me what you think about me. If I aint fit I can bear to be told of it " What do you think is needed to make you fit for a witness ? " said George. " I'll consider," said Jerry. He pondered the sub- ject for a moment and then BaicL " As far as I can Bee, I orter remember well, and tell the truth." " Exactly," said George. " You are all right, Jerry, and as good as the best of them." " And do you think so, Miss Minnie ? " said Jerry, timidly. " Certainly I do," Baid Minnie; " I would trust your memory and your truth as soon as my own." " That's the best thing the gcod God has done for me since I was a believer. On the morning of the trial, Jerry came to George and Minnie, ana said, " I kinder feel the need of somethin' to stiddy my nairves, and stop the trip- hammer that's a beatin' at rich a rate under my jacket. Oh, Miss Minnie, I don't like to be a wit- ness." Minnie spoke encouragingly to him, and gave him a handkerchief that she had held and perfumed. " Now, Jerry," said George, " you have only to do the best you can; the best can do no better. Take time when you answer questions, and carefully speak the truth, whether it helps Rawson's ride or Mrs. Caro- line's." " Pll consider," said Jerry, " and the good God shan't have no cause to find fault With me, if every- body else- d6W ;" and Jerry went as confidently into court as he had formerly gone to take care of Sherwood in his delirium tremens'. v The question of Jerry's competency was raised at once. Mrs. Sherwood's lawyer first examined Dr. Browne that he might testify to Jerry's competency, and thus weaken Caroline's cause. The doctor said, very honestly, that he had alwayB considered Jerry non compos mentis— he had been positively insane about what he called " the spells," 4c. The doctor's evi- dence was accepted without a remark. Mr. Brandon was th called. He testified that Jerry had a good ihemory, and he believed him always careful to speak thtrtrutn. Jeny was next called.'" " What is your name ? " " Jeremiah Jerald Fitzgerald, or Fitzgerald Gerald." " How old are you ? " " The town record says I am thirty- five; but I can't remember when I was born," said Jerry. " Do you knew the nature of an oath? " " Can't say I do ; but I think it a very bad sort of a promise to tell the truth, jest as you wish you had when you are goin'to die, and go to the good God, who aint got no place a near him for liara." " Do you understand the pains and penalties of perjury?" If perjury mean* not to tell the truth, then I don't know nothin' about the pains and penalties of not tellln' the truth, for I aint never been a liar," and Jerry drew himself to his full height " I mean," Baid the questioner, do you know what the pains and penalties of perjury would be if you should swear falsely V* " I guess/' said Jerry, " Ish6uld get in a hotter place than I should want to stay in." This was a more orthodox answer than might have been expected of Jerry, and he was allowed to testify. speak ficant there of the the profoundly signi- first, naturally enough, was d delirium. O'Cpnnell had MR. FROUDE ON IRISH GRIEVANCES. The following are extracts Iron Mr. Fronde's fifth and last lecture delivered at New York on the 26th ult. After review- ing the history of Ireland to the present time, the lecturer went on to say:— But the sorest difficulty which remained untouched was the system of land tenure. A third of the Irish Boil was stiH owned by absentees. One- half the rent belonged to needy, unthrifty gentlemen whose estates were mortgaged, and who were out at the elbows, and, like their tenants, without a shilling to spend on drains or fences, or cottages or farm- buildings. If they themselves were disposed to be indulgent, their creditors, the money- lenders, exacted the last ounoe of the pound of flesh. The peasantry had multiplied as- tonishingly ; in 1782 there were about 3.000,000 in- habitants in Ireland ; in 1846 the 3,000,000 had become 9,000,000. The Catholic cleffcy encouraged early mar- riages, because they prevented immorality, landlords made no objection, for the more people the higher rents. The Irish were intensely affectionate— father, mother, children— brothers, sisters, clung to one another, clung to the spot where they were bom. A farmer of 24 acres and half- a- dozen boya cut his acres in half- a- dozen divisions, and a farm which wouldbarely maintain one family in comfort had now six families on it living on the eternal potato. So they went on. Of the 9 000,000 at least 2,000, p00 were beggars. In the entire globe there was scarce a spot where the keening of despair was unheard which, arose from the famine- stneken island. The note gf warning had been sounded. Cobbett long before had dwelt upon the madness of allowing an enormous population to spring up like mushrooms, depending for their lives on a single pre- carious root. But no one listened to Oobbett Not thoughts of 8,000,000 of Irishmen; not England, for Englaudhad fallen under the dominion of Adam Smith's new gospel, and was learning that the chief business of government was to do nothing; that was the beet government which most let every one alone. The Irish landlords and Irish peasants were i the best judges of their own interests; it was no business of Ministers or Parliament to interfere with them. The potato failed, and these millions of people were suddenly deprived of the main staple of their subsistence. Too much credit could not be allowed to the patience with which the Irish bore up through those dreadful years. When famine came they lay down and died uncomplaining. A quarter of a million, at least, perished of actual hanger. Fast as the Ad- ministration could move shiploads of corn were sent around the Irish coast; agents were scattered over the provinces to distribute meal. Parliament voted £ 10,000,000 to give the people employment and wages, £ 8,000,000 of whioh, he believed, was embezzled by intermediaries, and never reached the hands of those for whom it was intended. But that was not the fault of England. Enormous sums were despatched by private donations; half the wealthy families of England cut down their luxuries and sent help to their starving fellow- citizens ; America sent magnificent contribu- tions ; all the world was smitten with sympathy. At length the plague was stayed. But it was not stayed until every peasant's cottage had been searched by unspeakable agonies. And, as usual in this world, the blow had fallen heaviest on those who had least de- served to suffer. " They ought not to have been there," the political economist says, Ay, doubtless. TTio peasantry ought to have been better instructed in their Malthus on population. Why does not the economist fall back upon Dean Swift, and recommend briefly that in such extremities the baby should bo cooked and eaten. ( Laughter.) Long ago a famine like that which desolated Ireland fell upon Palestine, and^ he Hebrew king fell up< jn his face in sftckcloth and ashes and cried, I have sinned and done evil, but theee sheep, what have they done ? Let the Punish- ment, oh, Lord, be on me and on my father's house, and not on my people that they should be plagued " He would Bay no more of the famine. He had to the revival of the politic^ delirium. £)' Con- said that the one thing was repeaL Tie Young Irelandera, maddened at the wretchedness which they saw around them, took O'Connell at his word. If repeal was indeed the remedy, then let the tall talk be a reality. The revolutionary fires that burst over Europe lured on the outbreak of 1848. Newspaper articles and preaching from a thousand platforms were the order of the hour, and again we had 400,000 pre- pared to strike a blow for freedom. He was himself in Ireland at the time. He was possessed with the romantic belief that the day of judgment was come at last for unjust authority. He sup- posed, as men under 30 were very apt to do, that it was a simple thing to overthrow a bad social system and constitute a better one. He had gone over to see what the Irish could do. He could not Bay that he ex- pected very much. There had been much blowing of trumpets, and he had learnt already that noise and action were usually face to face with each other. He would not say, however, that he expected a collapse BO ignominious, so utterly and shamefully disgraceful, A scuffle in a cabbage- garden and a handful of Irish police eufficed to end the efforts for the restoration of the ancient glories of Ireland. The other effects of the famine were more sub- stantial. The English Parliament resolved at once that the Irish lands should support the Irish poor. Before a shilling of rent should go henceforth into the landlord's pocket every human stomach in the district should, at least, be filled with food. And the Poor Law was passed, which in some parts of Ireland amounted at that time to confiscation. But the days of idleness for squires and squireens was over. He was staying before the famine in an Irish hoteL when his host in- vited him to a picnic, where, he said, the neighbouring gentry would be present Two hundred persons sat down to luncheon. He found next to himself a Scotch- man, who had come over to make a fortune sheep- farming. He remembered now the wrinkles in Ids face as he said to him " We are, you see, the gentle- men of the county of —. Among the whole of these gentlemen, there may be one, but there cer- tainly are not two, who suppose that they came into the world for any other purpose than to ride fox- hunting, shoot snipe, and lose money on horse- racing. They will find some day that that was not the purpose for which they were sent into the world." His friend's prophecy was fulfilled sooner than they dreamed of. The famine came and swept them all away, and the class to which they belonged died out of Ireland. There was one moire measure of purgation— the exodus. There were 9,000 000 in Ireland in 1846; there were 5,500,000 to- day. A quarter of a million died, and, allowing for the natural increase, they found that from 4,000,000 to 5,000,000 emigrated— one- half as many again as the inhabitants of Scotland. After the first shock of the calamity they went away in hundreds of thousands. For many of them their passage was paid by landlords, others by subscription ; others who went away sent some of the savings of their wages to rescue their families. Were there nothing else to be said in the favour of the Irish peasantry, the nnwlfinb devotion and affec- tion they had shown in their troubles would alone British Empire. The priests now wanted to have entire control of it or, at least so far as their own Catholic people were concerned. If Mr. Gladstone tnedto cut off that brMsh of the tree, he trusted the axe would break in his fc* hd. ( Applause.) The heart of the maft^ lies in the land. The land was the home of the Irish people, the land was of the hfeof the Irnh people, agriculture was their only in- those who tilled the soil had the best ritjht to the fruit of. the soIL ( Applause.) Of all these rights from tame immemorial, under one plea or another, by chief or Norman, Saxon, English, or Irish middlemen, the peasantry had been wronged, and it has been systematic plunder which had deprived them of the only motive to exertion. It had operated as a hotbed on the unthrifty and improvident habits of the people, and had smitten one of the most beautiful countries in the world with barrenness. The land question was the secret splinter in the wound, and the united Parliament Bet to work to remove it The Irish Land Act, passed three years ago by Mr. Glad- stone, was the most healing measure devised for Ire- land during the two centuries at least It was not per- fect, but it extended protection to the Tn « h tenant which the farmers of England and Scotland heretofore asked for in vain. Only tne other day one of the largest farmers in Scotland— a man who, it was said openly in the papers, had been for many years expending £ 5,000 sterling annually in manures and improvements on his farm, whose great grandfather occupied the land before him— was sent adrift when his leaBe expired simply because his politics differed from those of his landlord. Nothing of that kind was now possible in Ireland. He wished he could say it was impossible in any quarter of the world. ( Applause.! If the landlord tried a game of that kind in Ireland, he was made to pay for the in- dulgence a higher price than he usually liked to pay. He could not evict the meanest peasant now without compensating him for every Btroke of honest work on the sod, and he was obliged to pay a further fine for disturbing him. The enormous value of this could be no better evidenced than by the fact— he was not sure he stated the proportion quite accurately when he said tlmt agrarian outrages had fallen at once to one- tenth of what they were before. The Irish were not contented. Tt ey demand Ho me Rule. It had been their invariable custom when commend them to perpetual admiration. ( Applause.) Meanwhile, in Ireland itself there was a great social revolution. The landlords— the large landlords, those whose fortunes enabled them to weather the storm- changed their rules at once with their Irish property. They had leamt a lesson at least Skilled and trusty agents took the place of the middlemen, small holdings were discontinued, rents cut down, wages raised double and treble what they were before, and half the revenue of well- administered property was expended on the spot in improvements. In many great baronies that he knew, where the famine bore the heaviest, the peasantry were now more considered, and better off a great deal than the English agricultural labourers. Landlords had before encouraged multiplication; they now turned round and said, " There are too many of you here, four families on ground small enough for one, and we can't allow you to remain." Especially was this done under the Encumbered Estates Act In the first confusion of the law, th^^ memory of the famine fresh estates were sold at ten years' purchase, because they were burdened with so many poor tenants. The pur- chasers were in most instances Irishmen of business who had made money ana wished to invest it to advantage, and, as the worst tyrant of the poor in thel8th century had been the Irish middlemen, so now the Irish who bought under Che Encumbered Estates Act became the hardest landlords. An estate was bought, the rents were generally increased, and the superfluous families cleaned out without remorse or restitution. By the side of the bona- fide land buyers were the speculators and adventurers, English and Irish both. A man starting from nothing bought au estate at a low estimate, paid for it, perhaps, in a promissory- note, doubled the rents, expelled half tne> inhabit- ants, thsn threw the same estate back into the market sold it on an improved valuation, and pocketed the difference. Enormous fortunes have been made in Ireland in this way during the past twenty years. Tenants old and young, sick and healthy, were turned out In vain they pleaded that tney had paid their rents; they had lived from fath er to son 100 years, perhaps, on the spot They were bidden simply to go— go to the devil if they could find no other place. So they came to America. ( Laugh- ter.) And who could wonder that they came in not a very gentle frame of mind ? Had he been an Eng- lish Minister — a very extraordinary supposition ( laughter)— had he been enabled to give it the sanction of the English Parliament, he would have Baid to the Irish people—" It is true we cannot keep you all in Ireland; there has been mismanagement for many generations, and there can be no improvement until a large number of yo* leave the country. We have lands free in our colonies, lands of which not a thousandth part is occupied. If you like to remain with us we will give you 200 acres of land to each family, take you out free of'cost, and we will settle you and lift you through the difficulties of the first year until the first year's crops have grown. England might have said this and done it. It would have cost her, perhaps, twioe what she wasted by the Abyssinian war, one quarter what she lost by Balaklava. If she had gone at the thing as an investment, it would have paid her better than either of those two speculations. ( Ap- plause.) If the Irish exiles hod taken her at her word, she would have had her Colonies twice as thickly populated as they are, a loyal Irish at home, millions of loyal Irish subjects in Canada ana Australia. H they had selected the United States, as many of them most undoubtedly would, yet the offer made in good faith, would, he believed, have taken the sting out of banishment He never know an Irish peasant who was not instantly affected by generosity. He supposed because they had not experienced too much of it ( Applause.) It was needless to say that nothing of the kind was done. Economical formulas forbade it and for a time they seemed to forbid also any interference with evictions. Owners of land in Ireland availed themselves of the practice in England and Scotland. English landlords turned them out when they pleased ; the Scotch turned them out when they pleased, and why not they ; Tenants took farms in Ireland from landlords who were embarrassed, and, after converting by their own industry land worth nothing into pasture and corn- fields, were compelled to yield possession to the land- lord. Tenants so evicted came to America, at the cost of themselves and their friends, cursing the tyranny that plundered them. The Irish whom England had driven to America, drinking in the air of the Republic, believed that with their institutions their own native Ireland would bo as prosperous as America, and that the remedy of Ireland lay in breaking the connexion with England. He did not blame the Fenians any more than he blamed Wolfe Tone simply for desiring to see Ireland free. He did not blame the Fenians for wishing to see their country free, but he did blame them for under taking so grave a matter with so little insight into their own resources. With so many traitors in the middle of them, for their confident boasting and futile purposes, for attacking themselves like angry school- boys breaking furniture to spite their pedagogues, he did blame them. The effect of Fehianism was to reawaken angry feelings and to compel fresh measures of coercion. For England was de termined if Ireland meant to rebel again she should have no practical wrong to justify it She was willing to train the Constitution to meet the exigencies of the case, and when Mr. Gladstone took office to carry out reforms a larger majority was returned to support him than any Minister had for many years commanded. He did not himself admire in detail the way Mr. Gladstone set to work. Mr.. Gladstone de- nounced Protestant ascendency. Disestablishment had not produced all the fruits which were expected of it It had, as an Irish friend of his said, taken away their pet grievance, and called that justice to Ireland. The national education in Irelana at this moment was the best that existed in any part of th9 any measure was passed in their favour. Why, it might be said, not grant it ? Ireland must understand where her own Bhoe pinches. First and foremost he answered, because no Irish Legislature would possibly have passed that Land Act Of the resident popula- tion of Ireland three out of four would have been opposed to it The peasants of Ireland are not fools, and if the landlords were opposed to them they would choose some other representatives, The Irish Legis- lature would be composed of men who would not do justice to the Irish peasant at Doom's- day, and not then if they could help it What had he seen ? An Irish farmer came to him for assistance ; his rent had been paid punctually for the last 20 years; there was nothing against him on that score, but the middleman had given h"" notice to quit; and why? Because the middleman was willing enough that the Land Act should protect him from the great landholder, but had not the least intention that the under- tenants should be protected against himself. An Irish Parliament returned by an Irish constituency, would pass laws which would make it necessary for the landowners to part with their estates in the three southern provinces, and any such a change would be to exchange the crocodile for the alligator, and the alligator, he supposed, would be the worst of the two. ( Applause.) This was why he objected to Home Rule, because the Irish were not one nation, but two, and after they had abolished the Protestant constituency he did not wish a Catholic constituency in the place of it^ For good or for e^ they had planted, a Portestant not say __„ believed they were cap- able of maintaining themselves; but they were boundnot to place them in a position where they would be driven to irregular remedies to protect themselves against the votes of a Catholic constituency. They would be out- numbered three to one, and if he knew anything of the Protestant population of Ireland they would no sooner be governed Ay a Catholic Parliament in Dublin than , a New England population by a convention of slave- ' owners sitting in Richmond. Within a year England ' would be compelled to interfere, and if the Protestants were overborne by numbers the " Rngliah nation would not stand by and see them crushed. Never, never. ( Applause.) He hoped the rash, the dangerous experi- ment would never be tried. What, then, ought to be done, or can anything more be done? He might say, much. He would content himself at present with little. The Land Lavre had come down to them from a time when they meant something widely different from what they had now come to mean. Formerly the nobleman might be lord of the land, but as to looking on the land as an investment of money that was not in his dreams. The question' of land did not concern Ireland only, it concerned England and Scotland even more than Ire- land ; but eveii in Ireland the law was not yet whai it ought to lb. The tenant must be compensated when he was evicted, but he might still be evicted, and in these days when your man of wealth could * come over and purchase land the rights of the £ our peasant were not likely to be much respected. wVlt was easy to sweep a barony clear of its encumbnurael, and such power over the welfare and fortunes of tfieir fellow creatures ought not to exist in any land on eafth. The landlord must now pay the , tenant five yeari' ' rent if he wished tc be rid of him, | but he had knoVu of Irish peasants who BO loved their homes that they would not leave them for 100 , years' rent He would hare no evictions. Let ; every form of estate be fairly estimated, and let tho owner of it receive annually aue interest of the money it was worth; but there the owner's power should end. Beyond that the law should be the common master i of the rich and poor. Let the British people and the Irish people stand aide by side. When all was said it remained true that there were three modes of living in this world— by begging, by robbing, and by working. To beg was disgraceful, to rob was criminal, and the rule ought to be if a man would not work neither should he eat How to apply this principle, how to apply it to each man, was the problem which wa3 before mankind to solve, and in tbe due Bolving of it lay all the future of all countries. If. instead of seeing to her real interests, Ireland wasted her energies in clamouring for independence, which she could not keep when she had obtained it, and which she could not use except to plunge herself into wor • evils than now she suffered, he thought that the voice of the Americans would not be heard encouraging her in a course which could only be ended, as it had ended a hundred times already, in disaster and disruption. ( Long- continued applause). ENGLISH AND AMERICAN HUMOUR. The followlngextract Is from " Humorous Poems," selected and edited byW". M. Kossettl :- For several generations past the British nation has been celebrated among continental critics for its humour. Now, Englishmen can contemplate in their brethren across the Atlantic— in the Americans of the United States, a vigorously re- mixed race, arising out of the British and other mixedraces of the old world— an offshoot of their own humour, perceptibly allied to that, yet very visibly varied from it too. We may fancy ourselves, in this regard, watching some such process as that BO often spoken of by Darwin— the " Variation of Species under Domestication "; watching the wider and wider variation, until at last the divergence Bhallbesogreat as to constitute seemingly a newspecies— which we, however ( more fortunate than the Darwinian man of science when he has to deal with animals living ' in a state of nature) shall know of a surety, having fol- ' lowed all the successive steps of modification, to be nothing more than a much transformed variety. Par- I haps, on the whole, American humour at the present day is in somewhat closer alliance with wit than is English humour; there is more of the caprice of mind in it, and possibly less personal caprice. The English humourist is essentially an eccentric — a " queer fellow," or ( as we BO often say, touching herein the very core of humour) " quite a character." This ten dency of the insulaire britannique has been con- tinually recognised and enforced by foreign critics; and BO consentaneously that we may be assured it is true, even if we, Britons, being ourselves the subject out of which the remark arises, perceive little of it of our own accord. The American humourist is not so much an eccentric, pursuing a devious path because his nature is to deviate ; he is rather a fantastic person than an eccentric, and plays pranks becouse he finds in himself an endlesss facility for playing the on. The Ei glishman's humour ( I speak of a coarse of the typical or crucial instances) is a dogged quality, innate, and more clearly manifest to others than to himself; the American's humour is a faculty, exercised masterfully and with a sense of enjoyment
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