felflnmfff k Srarp ffirrfelq Wm& AND GKENERAL ADVERTISER. PUBLISHED, EVERY SATURDAY MORNING, BY FRED. H. EARLE, OFFICES ON THE QUAY, FALMOUTH. NUMBER 592. £ FALMOUTH: SATUEDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1872. PRICE ONE PENNY. Ifcleg ftg flpfticn, __ BARTON OF BONYTHON. PiJUSH Or CURT, WITHli" FOCK MILK or HELSTOS. A Highly Important Sale of FitA^ Mm Lire and Dead Stock, Hay, Orun Crop*, Reed, Furniture, Carriages, and nunerou* Effect*. M E. CORFIELD has been favour/, instructions to submit to PUBLIt with AUC- TION, at Bonython, in the parish of yury, on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, nlxt, 14th, 16th, and 16th Oct., commencing eacH day at 1 •' dock, the undermentioned, being fie entire valuable Farm Stock, Furniture, and A Effects, of Mr. Joseph Topham. cnumeraiing— LIVE ^ STOCK:— 40 very growthy Steers, averaging from 2 to 3 years old 18 handsome Heifers of great pdomise, 13 or 14 in calf 2 choice Dairy Cows 3 young Bullocks, from pedi[ 11 active labour Horses, great vi the majority adapted for purposes 1 valuable bay Horse, adapted high stepper, 16 hands,' 70 Leicester and cross- bred ~ 3 pure- bred Hampshire Down 7 handsome Brood Sows in fe 18 Porkers 76 Store Pigs and Slips Handsome Chestnut Colt, of great promise, by Sea- king, coming 3 Very beautiful grey Filly, by jConroy, rising 3, very attractive Useful bay Pony, quiet to/ ride and drive, rising 3 One very handsome Setter, j well broken, has been shot over one season, from a prime stock. 2 Spaniels. I One good double- barrel Gun A large quantity of Poultrg, upwards of 100, in Ducks and Fowls 7 Two Stacks of fine old permanent pasture or Meadow Hay, utfwards of ICO tons, bequtifnlly saved / Several Hundreds of Reed About 3< Acres W^ Kirnips and Mangolds The l^ plemHnts are by the first manufactur- ers, in excWlentjorder, in great variety, and in- clude several broad and narrow wheel wagons, truck and other carts, double & single ploughs, seta of diamond and zig- zag harrows, rollers and frames, mangold, turnip and manure drills, manure and seed drills, turnip pulpers and cut- ters, oilcake crushersL hurdles, iron and other pigs' and sheep's troughs, ladders, sets of fore and shaft harness, wlips and traces, bullocks' chains and rings, com bins, wheelbarrows, three valuable reaping machines, by Brenton, Horns- by, Ac., a large quantity of sheep netting, win- nowing and otherI machines, plough chains, tools, with the usual barn req\ y sites, and all necessary and convenient implements for a farm of the first magnitude. Also, a two- wheel Coburg, a light Dog Cart ( London built), sel of Harness for ditto, Saddles and Bridles. Dairy Utensils,/ and numerous other items. Detailed printed particulars may be obtained on the Saturday prior to the Auction, either ot Mr. Cunnack, printer, & c., Helston, or of the Auctioneer. The Auctioneer in calling the special atten- tion of his agricultural and other friends to this important Ruction, begs to assure them that the stock ijill be found of a very superior des- cription in every respect, and in consequence of the proprietor having relinquished possession of the saidi Barton on the 29th Septr., 1873, the " whole will [ be sold without reserve. galts jitttioiL MB. CORFIELD will SELL by AUCTION, at the Seven Stars Inn, in Srtithians Churchtown, on Tuesday, the loth day/ of Oct. next, at Three o'clock in the Afternoon, in one or more lots, and subject to the conditions to be then produced, the Fee- simple and In of and in all those Two Cottages anil Gaudeiis, with two Plots of Ground, Smith's ajid Carpen- ters' Shops adjoining thereto, situate at Foundry, in the said parish of Stithians, as now held by the representatives of the late Mr. Jamee Martin. Descriptive particulars may be hkd on appli- cation to the AUCTIONEER ; or to rfrV) Mr. REGINALD ROGERS, \ Solicitor and Prootoj, Falmouth MR. CORFIELD will Sell by jAUCTION, on Thursday, 17th October1 at Twelve o'clock, at Cosspost Farm, Stithians, within li miles of the Perranwell Railway / Station, the entire and valuable Farm Stock and Meets, Of Mr. Bosanko, leaving the / neighborhood, consisting of 25 superior Store Leicester Ewes 1 handsome Oxford Rany bred by Sir Frederick Williams 6 prime Milch Cows, 4 groWthy Steers 2 Heifers in calf 2 ripe faVBullocka— steer ^ nd heifer 5 Yca^ lmgs A 1 handsomtNJull, well gotJ 1 valuable Brood Sow 6 Slip Ptea A quantity of of Poultry! in geese, ducks, and fowls, upwards qf a hundred A splendid Suffolk Chestnut Mare, adapted for heavy draught, 16 hands, worthy special attention A dark brown Horse, Uo- 2 hands, adapted tor general purposfc A handsome iron grey/ carriage Horse, 5 Years old, 15- 3 highjquiet to ride and drive. A thorough - bred btood Mare, in foal by " Mouravieff.'/ Implements enumerate threshing and win- nowing Machines, butts and wheels, fore and shaft harnesses, ploughs, harrows, rollers, turnip cutter, horse hoe, whips and traces, ladders, bar- rows, tools iij great variety. obdkb OT sals :— Monday-! The whole of the Live Stock, Hay, Re^ d, and a portion of the Implements. TrwDAY- f- The residue of the Implements, Dairy Utensils, Green Crops, & Effects. Wbdkbsday— The Household Furniture and domestic requisites in general. Furthei particulars may be obtained at the Offices ofkhe AUCTIONEER, Falmouth. m. The BARTOX - jf BOXYTHOy, for sud a term as way be agreed on, is to be LET, iciUi im- For terms apply trJ& ffif TA YLOR. E^., Soli- citor, 7, Gray s Inn& juare. London, H'. C. .• or Mr. CORFIELD, Land AyuU, Fain* Dated September 30th, 1872. It To Persons removing and others who may ha/ e Household Furniture And FurnishinW Godth? of any description for disposal in tw3\ or cjmntry, a fair second- hand Price paid immediately in Cash for the same, by applying & S/ MARKS'S, Auction and Furniture Sal/ Rooms, 21, High Street, Falmouth. Sales and Valuations conducted in town or country onr reasonable terms. All accounts Settled same day as Sale. jales % luctwn. Wreck. CADGfVITH AND LIZARD. ' 110 BE SOLD by ACTCHON, at Cadgwith and the Lizard/ on Tuesday next, the loth Oct'/ jer, portions of the broken- up fill I of tli</ OUTFIT of the wrecked e j" Nuovo Raffaelino," com- pnsilu; fx patent double purchase \ Capstlto( a large number of lots of \^ JTimberif Planking, and Spars, stand- ing anfi running Rigging ( hemp and wire / copper and yellow metal Bolts and/ Sheathing, Iron, and other s in great variety. Also such/[ uantity of DAMAGED RICE as is now at the Lizard, or which may be landed there previous to the sale and not sold prior thereto; qfad a large number of RICE BAGS. The aftle will commence at Cadgwith at- Eleven o'clock. For further particulars apply to W. H. Lban, t Hill's Hotel, Lizard ; or to HENRY POLLARD, Auctioneer. Dated Falmouth, 8th October, 1872. JOHN BURION, Auctioneer, Valuer, AND Commission Agent, is, MARKET STREET, FALMOPTH. Also a quantity of Household Furniture Consisting of Bedsteads, China, Dairy and other Utensils! & c. Dated Oct. 3rfl, 1872. MONDAY, October 21st, at Two. LAITY, parish of Sf. Gluvias. ( Removed for the convenience of Sale. MR. CORFIELD will Sell by PUBLIC AUCTION/ on the above , day, by the direction of the Proprietor, Mr. F. Trebilcock, the whole of his Live and Dead Farm Stock, ^ Furniture and Effects, ! ' \ - thereon, comprising— 2 fat Cows, ,1 Steer anfl Heifer. 1 handsome Heifer, expected early to calf. 8 Rearere. 2 broodySows, 6 slips, powerful labour Horses, very good and idapted for heavy draught. A fe^ farm implements, and several lots of household furniture and effects, < sc. The Avhole will be sold without reserve, the proprietor having given up fanning at Michael- mas last. Father particulars had at the Offices of the AUCTIONEER, Falmouth, ' ated October 9th, 1872. Falmoj Cornwall Sailors* Home will be held ' welve on Wed - ! nt, R. R. BBOAD, ited to preside. ' nstitution are respectf ully B. DUCKHAM, Sec. . 10, 1872. TEN DE] . Messrs. Pearson & I'leniow, APCriONEEhS & APPRAISERS. IN addition to the Nursery and Seed business MB. CLEICOW begs to inform his friends and the public generafiv that he has commenced AUCTIONEERING in connection with Mr. PBABSOX, who has had several years experience in that branch of business, and feels confident of giving satisfaction to all who may favor them with their patronage, which they humbly solicit. N. B. All Accounts closed within a week. Offices, No. 1, Waterloo Road, Falmouth, and Bareppa, Mawnan. EEQUIRED by Falmodth Water Works Company . for the Erection of two wrm,' WAfr* o . A-- ft of bofchi about ... je in on or before SATUBDAT, Oct( jJyn- liOth. The Company dor not undertake to accept the lowest or any Tei Further particulars to be had from the Manager, / / J. B. COX. Falmoijjfi, October 11, 18d2. Try MARTIN'S NEW SEASON'S THFlA^ i SPLENDID QUALITY 2s. per Pound. The PEOPLWftrocer, & e., Lower Market St.; and Wert St., PiNBYN. G L ENFIELD STAROH,"^";; If there are any ladies who have not yet used the GLENFIELD STARCH they are respectfully solicited to give it a trial, and carefully follow out the directions printed on every package, and if this is dpne, They will say, like the Queen's Laundress, It is the finest Starch they ever used. When you ask for Glenfield Starch see that yoTi| get it, As inferior kinds are dften substituted for the sake of Qxtra profits. Beware therefore of spurious imitations. gta. sttte. gg litnfrnitcementi MARKET STREET, FALMOUTH. lactam. Having just returned from the Markets my SHOW ROOMS ARE NOW OPEN And your Favors will be esteemed by Yours respectfully, H. PENLERICK P. S— H. P. has made large Purohases of WlfS at Pricos about NTER GOODS, in Plain and Fanoy Drapery, same as last year. the NOVELTIES IN SHAWLS, MANTLES, AND MILLINERY. Joseph Beringer and Sons, Watchmakers, Jewellers, Photographers, Ma eage St., Helston, and Market St., Falmouth, ( LATE JOHNS), BEG to rtiturn their sincere thanks to tho gentry, public, and friends, or the kind support and patronago they havo received, and would solicit a call and recommendation to their choico and wall- selected STOCKS ; and also would acquaint their customera that In Meneage 8trcct\ Helston, they have REMOVED to a more commodious Shop and Prethises dircctly opposite to the one in which thoy have car- Ja.. ,„ 4 , , ned on their bhsiness for so many yeara. Tho Stocks are renewed with Gold and Sdver Watches, Clocks of all description^, specialities in Marine Timepieces, Gold Albert* and Chains, colored, bright and All uminium Necklets, Bracelets, Brooches, Lockets, Pendants Scarf Pins Studs Sleeve Links in Gold, Silver, Jet, Coral, Plated Gold anH Gilt. ' ' ' A superior assortment of Eleclro- platcd Good*. Spcc/ h: lcs to suit all sijlUs. Marine, Opera, and Field Glasses. Musical Instruments. Pianos and ffarmoniuniAkept in Stock. Worki of Art in the Cornish Serpentine. Photographic Views of bolh neighborhoods. The Glass House at Helston is built in private grounds, in a beautiful garden, and has every convenience to insure firJt- class work. The best- built House in the VVost of England. Agents for MAPPIN & WEBB'S celebrated Silver and Elcctro- plate Warehouse, London. Licensed to buy Old Gold and Silvei'l Repairs executed with despatch. SLADe OLvER,, Furnishing and General Ironmonger, Plumber, Gas Fitter and Manufacturer STRAND, FALMOUTH, Is Selling off SURPLUS STOCK at great reduction in prices. Balance ivory- handle Knivs, 10s., 12a., 16s., 20s. per dlozen. Black handle Knives and Forks, 6a. 8s 9s., 10s., 12s. doz. Carving Knives and Forks, 2a. 6d., 3s. 6d., 4a. 6d., 5s. 6d., 7a. 6d. pair. ' Electro- Silver Table Spoons and Forks, 20a., 24a. doz. Do. Dessert Spoons and Forks, 16a., 18a., 20s. 24a. doz » Do. Tea Spoona, 8s., 10a., 12a. doz. Do. Sugar Boxea, fcalvers, Cake Baaketa, Toaat Racks, Tea Pota, Cruets, & c., & c., & c. Bronzed Tea Urns and Kettles on Stands, 20s., 25s., 303. upwards. Tea Trays from 58. per set of 3, aingle Traya from 18. 6d. Fendeifs, parlour, Is. 6d., 23., 3s., 4a., 5a. Fenders dining room, 5s. Fenders, drawing room, 12a. Fire Ire na, 2s. 6d. to 30s. per set. Rumford Store* from 3s. upwards. Register Stoves from 8a. upwards. Cooking Ranges from 10s. Apparatuses from 20A. upwards. Patent Mangles, 30a., 45s. \ vashing Michinea, 12a. 6d., 6O3., 90s. Chaff Cuttera, 45a. 50s. Iron Cota, 7a. 6d. to 30s. Iron Folding Beda, 6a. Sd. Iron French Beda, from 10s. to 30s. ' Half Tester Beds, Mattrassea and Palliasses. Lamps, Gas CI andcliera, Gas Brackets. VVater Cloaeta, and all plumber's I ' ittings. Estimates given and O^ ntracta entered iuto eiher for work or aupply. The BRITANNIA Lock W AM8 PITTBD WITH New and Important Improvements, WD ABE THCROUGHLY GOOD m PBt. VCIPLB AND WORKMANSHIP. tmP RIO- US VERT MODERATE.-** AGENT NATHANIEL FOX, IRONMONGER, FALMOUTH ( ieuteel II ousts to be Let or Sold in Obelisk Road. '| 1U BE LET OR SOLD, with immedi » te 1 possession, two f legautly dosigoed and commodious DWELLINGS ( newly- built), in Obelisk Koad, commanding the finest views in Falmouth. Each House comprises 2 Parlors, 2 kitchens, 5 Bedrooms, W. C., and a small Cellar; with a Garden in front md convenient Courtlagc at the back. Apply to Mr. Ji> lES MITCHELL, STEPHENS & SIDDONS, PH OTOG- E APHER8, 42, HIGH STREET, FALMOUTH. Likenesses from the smallest to the largest size, plain and finished in (' rayon, Water or Oil Color, Landscapes, Mansions. Shlp3, Sea / iews, and Groups, WORKS OF ART COPIED. Mr. STEPHENS had the honor of being the first peraoh to take the likeness of any member of a Royal Family by the Photographic process ; First Class Silver and Bronze Medals have been awarded him by the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, he being the only Medallist for Cartes de Visite taken in the County. Mr. SIDDONS has also claims in the production of the Negatives and Enlargements for which the only Medal has been awarded by that Society for that class of Photographic Work. BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT. JAMES GIBBS AtfD COMPANY, SOLE MAN 17FACTUKEU. S OF THE AMMONIA- FIXED GUANO, THE CHEAPEST AND BEST MANURE IN CSE. Consumers are warned that none is genuine unless the bags Lear the Trade Mark, and are aecored with ft Leaden SeaL Also Manufacturers of " PATENT AM U ON I ATED PHOSPHATE," especially a Upt^ l f"- Wheat,- Barley and Hope ; and of BONE, BLOOD, and SPECIAL MANURES of lint--,, . i^ nty. , PARTICULARS OF JAMES GIBBS AND COMPAQV, WORKS: VICTORIA DOCK*. OFFItJiS : 16. IX> NDON. E. C., or tbcir authorujo- 1 Agento ; WEST OF ENGLAND ^ iNURE COMPANY', PENRYN. Tho HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE consists of several handsome Tudor and other Bed- steads, ij suitable draperies, prime Feather Beds, Bolsters and Pillows, Mattrasses, mahogany Lobby and other Drawers^ Toilet Tables and Glauses, Washstdnds and Ware, Brussels and Kidderminster Carnets and Carpeting, hearth rhgs to match, mahogany & wal- nut dicing, loo, occasional and other tables, Het of mahogany, cane- seated and other cqairs, spring- seated settee, fenders and fire utensils, perdoniums and scoops, coal scuttles, kitchen requisites in great variety, in boilers, saucepans, kettles, waah tirays, tubs, dressers and shelves, glass, earthenware, Ac. Also, a rich- toned PIANOFORTE, by an emi- nent maker, in a handsome walnut case. THE TALMOUTH & PENRYN WEEKLY TIMES SATURDAY, OCT. 12, 1872. LORD DERBY ON THE LAND QUESTION. On SsrtRrday the first general meeting of tli © Lanca- shire Farmers' Club and Chamber of Agriculture was held in the Town- lmll at Preston. There - was an in- fluential gathering of landowners and a numerous body of farmers present. After the transaction of some pre- liminary business. Lord Derby, who occupied the co- air, proceeded to deliver the inaugural address. He s* iid,— In bringing together this farmers' • cTub, we are following an example which has been set— arrt, aa I believe, usefully Mt— by various other counties. The formation ot theso bodies has been too recent to enable na to . Judge of their- working, but I may say generally that they have two objects to view— one, to - give a fair hearing to all such persons as mar have practical suggestions to offer on agricultural matters, or on the mutual relations of the varlows classes enraged In the cultivation of the solL The oShcs, which I hold at least equally Important— to bring together for the dracussiou < 1 all such now ideas as maybe proposed an audit nee which shall be experienced and critical so that if, as will happen ta the best regulated public meet- ings, netions should be nut fprward which'are plausible on tSie faco of th © n, but impracticable in their working, they may go forth to the geceral public accompanied with the comments of those who have heard them, and" who are bettor able to estimate ( heir real value than the mass of out- siders can be. The landed interest., whatever else it may complain of, cannot possibly compfcvin of neglect. Everybody wants to do • omethlng to it, or vrith it: but, unluckily, many of the Joudeat talkers on matters connected' with land are people whiSse agricultural knowledge la abeut on a par with that of • the cockney on his travels, who said ho thought he should iknow malt from barley if he saw them growing together. '( LrvughTerO Fanning on paper b one thing, farming In practical another ; and when all the world has got a theory • of some sort about the soil, it is Just as well that somfe- ol the talking at least should be done by parties who have not merely - got up their knowledge for the occasion, as a lawyer gets up cases from a brief. For myself I come here to learn, not to teach. I am quite ready, and I hope we shall all be ready, to profit by hints that may be thrown out; but while we ought to be ready to do that, there is another duty which must not be neglected. I mean tjie duty of; Inquiring carefully and speaking out plainly" when some- thing is proposed to us that may turn out to be only a popular . and plausible delusion. There 4s so much • claptrapj- so much moral cowardice, so much dislike in the present day of hazarding on any subject an opinion that may not find general favour, that you will see everyday • honest ana cultivated men accept in theory and publicly announce ideas in which they have not the Slightest real laith, and which they would be very sorry to apply In any manner where their own Interests Were concerned. 1 TVe must not shrink on one side or the other from a clear assertion of what wa conceive our relative rights and duties to be, though It does not in any way follow that a wise man or a generous man will push his legal, or even his moral rights, to their full extent. We must not hesitate to condemn benevolently intended schemes if they will not bear the test of actual work; and we must recollect that there Is In this world no more fertile source of quarrels and of 111- feeling than the attempt to cover up under vague and ambiguous phrases, expressing kindly sentiment, but express- ing little else, the existence of real doubt, or of real dlf- lerence, as to what each party in a contract Is entitled to. The result of- that kind of vagueness and uncertainty Is ex- orbitant riaims on the one hand, indiscriminate rejection or cutting down of them on the other, and in the end, not Im- probably, a settlement of which the principle Is rather that « ach party should have half what he expects than that either should have all to which he has a right. The subjects which will come before this club are many- some of them I will name by and by; but there are three or four which suggest themselves as the moBt likely to be dis- cussed, and the most Important; and on these, with your permission, I will say a few words. One of these is the labour question. A great deal has been first spoken and written lately about the scarcity of labour, and the consequent raising of wages. Now, on that matter It Is hardly possible to make any remark, unless of so vague a character that it can serve no useful purpose that will be applicable to other localities than one's own, or which elsewhere may not be mis- understood. Every county has its peculiar customs and circumstances ; and, as has been eaid ot a battle, no one can describe more than that part of the field in which he himself happens to be engaged. One question I would ask,— Are we not a little hasty in speaking as if a great permanent rise In the cost of English labour had taken or was taking place f It may be so; but we know thli — that an exceptional development of trade and manufac- tures has created an exceptional demand for hands, that such periods of suddenly enhanced prosperity seldom go on long without a check, and that it is by no means proved that when that check occurs— and some people think it is not far off even now— the demand for labour may not subside to very nearly Its former leveL We cannot generalise safely from the experience of a year or two. It is not four years since many people— senafble people as well as kind- hearted people— were crying out for State help, to send out of the country the surplus labour, for which we could find no use at home. When I notice the change since 1S68, I am compelled to ask what there is to prevent the ebb from succeeding to the flow— what should hinder the pendu- - lum from swinging back again to its old position. 01 course I may be wrong— I am suggesting doubts rather than asserting propositions of which I feel certain; but I shal not easily believe in that social and economical revolu- tion which the Press Is so busy with until I see one of two things— either that the number of yearly emigrants from these Islands equals, or approaches, the natural yearly Increase of population, cr that the working classhere use the same means as the French peasantry habitually do to avoid being bur- dened with more mouths than they can find food for. The last of these two conditions Is so utterly lmirobable, con- sidering the Ideas and feelings of our people, that I msy safely put it aside; and as to the first, lam not aware that there has been any perceptible decrease as yet in tho rate at which our population grows Nobody can feel unkindly to those poor fellows who are only doing the best they know to better themselves; but I suspect that in the majority of cases they have miscalculated their strength, and will not do themselves much good. In these parts our troubles of that kind are fewer, though we may have had our share. Tor many years past the competition of the towns has raised wages to a higher level here than In the south; the condition of the labourer Is better to begin with, and, though there may be some temporary difficulty to contend with, I don't think the farmers in Lancashire need tear any permanent scarcity ot hands. But, even if that scarcity were to continue ana to Increase, that would be no reason for giving in. It has been pointed out by a very com- Ktent authority opon such subjects, that of all countries gland supplies to the world the cheapest manufactured goods, and of all countries England pays the highest for the labour that supplies them. It Is a question to a greatextent of using mechanical means. We are only beginning, compara- tively speaking, to do that In farming, and it is impossible to foretell what economics and what Improvements may be pos- sible in that direction. Meanwhile, it is undoubtedly desir- able to do what we reasonably can to keep our labourers with us. I would never discourage any young f ello w from emigrat- ing If his mind was really set upon It, and If he had an Idea of what was before him— Indeed, I have very often helped men to fi; but unless English labourers are a good deal stupider than take them to be, they will find out that emigration Is a lottery ; that the emigrants mostly have a rough time to go through ; and, perhaps, it may strike them that the people who are crying most loudly to them to take themselves out of the country are not working for their interest— are very little eoncerned, indeed, whether they live or starve when once across the sea, but are simply trying to get them out of the way, that there may be higher wages for those who stop behind. As to migration from one county to another— es- pecially from the south of England to the north— that Is a process which will go OH of itself, and does not require to be artificially stimulated. The tendency of wages Is necessarily towards equality within a limited area. But It is obvious that a movement of that kind cuts two ways— if it tends to raise wages in one district, it tends to lower them, or to prevent them rising In another. Well, what are wo to do for them at home? One of . tho favourite schemes of the day is to turn them into farmers; or rather Into fractions of a farmer, by adopting what is called the plan of co- operative association, and giving the soli to be cultivated by the actual workers upon It. Now, I am not all a disbeliever in the co- operative principle within certain limits. Where shopkeeplng Is concerned it has succeeded admirably well In manufacturing business the success has been less decided, and to put the matter quite fairly, I don't think we are as yet in a position to pro- nounce what nothing except actual experience will deter- mine— In which of the various kinds oI Industrial employ- ment It Is likely to succeed, and in which it will fall. It Is clear that associations of men Individually poor will be at a disadvantage In two cases— one where a largo command of capital Is required and where they may have to lie out of their money for a long while; the other, where risks are to be run, where Immediate decisions must be taken, and where, therefore, it is necessary that tho firms directing operations should not act with that entire freedom which a man can hardly feel when ho Is dealing with the property of other people. Well, in the case of farming it seems to mo that tho flist of these difficulties Is, If not fatal, yet very serious in- deed. Thore can be no tolerable farming without capital; a body of labourers clearly have not got capital of their own, and as they have no available security to otter. 1 don't see whoro they are to get It. I am aware that Instances havo oc- curred where benevolent landowners have themselves ad- vanced the sum required— but that Is charity, and not business. In the first place, It Is clear that landowners as a body would not be able to take that course. In tho next place, even If they had tho money, it would be a very speculative investment; and besides that, farming with capital of which every shilling Is borrowed is not, for the occupier, a safe and satisfactory process. Moreover, there Is another consideration which philanthropists aro apt to forget. It Is very well and It is veiy Just to argue that men never work so hard as when they have a direct personal Interest in the result; that is excellent doctrine for pros- perous times, or whero there Is a reserve to fall back upon. But farmers have losses as well u gains, had years as well as good years, and Inasmuch as labourers must live, and as they havo nothing laid by, it seems as if whenever crops wero exceptionally bad, or prices exceptionally low. the ex- periments of rural co- operation run ereat risk of breaking down. Still, I don't say that It should not be tried ; or that in soma form it Kav not ultimately ansaer, only with our prci rrt experience I should advlsonotme to put rn^ re money ii> t. it than he cmagord conveniently to lose. But why should uot the qoeitinn be prWfcaliy tested t Then are plenty of estate In the market, thetr » * 4 « ^ go- op? rBtiveafs< v. latlvnB of thi' count; v arc very numeroai, "''^ bjiyo a ?> x> d deal ot © onty roadie, and tbe'r supporter* are enwra* wi6iyj> M9n ui In the causo. A very little experience Is better than a great deal ot talk ; Jet thorn try a few farms and ' Je0 whother thoy can work them to advantage on their r rinciplo. If they succecd, nobody will grudgo them tv, e[ r success; 11 they fail, we nro only where wo wero. T^. ero is a modified form of co- operation which consist In paying labourers propor- tionately to tho profits made on ' the farm, aud some plan ot that kind has lately been rccoramendod to us by very high ForliameDtary authority. I tnlntf, howover, that It is liable to a good deal ot difficulty. T. n the first place. It is not olways easy for tho farmer to knv. 7 exactly what his profits on tho year's bus'nossare, and Still less easy for him to provo It, as he would bo bouud to do, to tho satisfaction of his men. In the next place, it xloes not seem to bo founded on any principle ot Justice that I can understand, that a pl^-.^' u- man or a carter's earnings should depend on tho stub, of tho cropa or of tho Markets. No doubt he would be wllllDg enough to recelvs a bonus in goou jum, but he would not at all Tiko n ourresponillng deduction from his earnings in bad years. And yet it Is not easy to see how you can havo one without the other. A partnership where tho gains are divided among all the partners, and tho losses fall entirely on 1 one, is a very one- sldcd concern. Of course if all that Is meaut Is that wages aro to bo raised when the employers can afford It, theso objections don't apply ; but that is qulto a different thing from making wages vary, aecording'to a fixed rulo, with profit. Whllo on this question I would recom- mend it to your consideration, whether it Is not both just and polltio to distinguish, more than Is usually dono, be- tween Individual labourers, as regards the rate at which they ore paid. One man's work is worth half as much ngain as that of another ; it In a discouragemont to the really good worker not to have that difference recognized ; and, looking at it in another point of view, by valning cach man's labour separately, ypu encourage tho spirit of Individual energy and, ambition, rather than of combination and collective action. Tho strong and the' energetic will not feel, under such a system, that, in order to raise themselves, they ir. ust drag after them tho dead weight of those who have neither strencth nor energy. And as they lead tho rest, when you satisfy some at least of thoso who put them forward have got In their minds a very different kind of claim from ' he Irish de- mands for compensation, as it is called, for disturbance— In ! other words, the Infiiotion of a fino on the landlord for put- 1 ting a bad tenant out and a better one Ip. That demand I never seemed to mo reasonable, even in Irhh legislation, | and In England It would bo equally without precedent and I without justification. And that brings me back to what I , said at first— tho importance of a clear definition of mutual ! rights. All that miserable Irish trouble about tenant- right, ! ot which we have probably not seen tho end yet, arose in i | the first Instance from tho muddle- headed way In which both parties went on, laying down no fixed rulk, acting on i no definite principle, but settling each caso as It arose, or I leaving It unsettled, until tho confusion had becomo Inextri- 1 cable, and popular violence had practically superseded i law. We shall not fall into thitt mistake, but it is one j great uso of such discussions as ours ought to bo, that I vague and unsound notions get swept -. way, and that wo j some to seo dearly what others have ofcght to expect from | us, and what we aro entitled to clai V-± return. It rests | with you whether this soplety is going to be of real uso or I not. You have an immense rango of subjects to deal with— | try to deal with them briefly, practically, thoughtfully, i With our system of newspapers tho most obscure person who i is master of his subject may start an ldaa that will spread | tlirough the whole country; and if for every grain of truth we should happen to produce a good deal of chaff, why the i chaff blows away In the fresh air of controversy, tho grain, ! bo it much or little, remains behind. ( Loud cheers.) I Colonel Wilson- Patten, M. P., also addressed the meeting ! and fully endorsed Lord Derby's view of the labour question. a great step towards improving his condition. I think there was reason and sense in that view, though more stress may h& ve been laid upon It than it would fairly bear. Tbero is no ddubt that to hold a bit of land In that way attaches a man to the soli, and that it Is, so to speak, a savings- bank for his labour. On tho other hand it is argued with forco that If tho allotment is far off from the house, and if It ex- ceed a very moderate size, tho labourer Is drawn off from his regular work to attend to it, and, being divided between two employments, neither docs as well for himself nor for his employer as he otherwise would. It, Is a fair matter for discussion, and I hope we may havo some light thrown upon It That every cottage should be in good repair, and should have a garden attached to it, are rules which I need not stop to enforce upon you. Another subject much talked of In the south is whether labourers' cottages should be held direct from the landlord or leased by him to the farmer who holds tho adjoining land. I hold for my own part that, as a general rule, subject to exception In the case of large and distant farms, the landowner had better not allow the control over them to pass out of his own haud3. On the other hand, he may reasonably make It a condition that those whom he houses at very a unremunerativo rent should be actually and habitually workers on his estate. Be Is not bound to provide cheap, cottages for the mechanics of the neighbouring districts unless ho profits by their labour. It Is enough if he provides them, or the associations which act for them, with facilities for building on their own account. Those whom, according to our customs, he Is bound to house, must be those who work for him or his tenantry ; and j If they cease to fulfil that condition, they cannot com- ! plain of being replaced by others who wllL Piece work, or payment by results, Is a valuable stimulus to oxertion whero I It can be Introduced. It is open to ona : objection— that the 1 quality of the work done is apt to suffer, in cases where i faulty work cannot be detected by inspection. Still the principle Is sound, because it gives the worker an Interest In his occupation, and creates rivalry. Whon men are paid by time only. It is an unpopular thing among them for ono to do more than the rest. Exceptional energy Is discouraged, and men reasonably esk, " Why should I work harder than my neighbour, since the profits will go Into my employer's pocket, an ( knot into mine ?" You will expect me to say something on the question ol game. It does not much Interest me personally, and I shall be quite ready to acquieico in whatever arrangements either law or custom may sanction. But where there IB a good deal of prejudice on both Fides, a word or two In a spirit of at least Intended impartiality may not be quite unless. There are two issues Involved— ono, win tit is wiso for every landlord to do of his own free will ; tho other, what Parliament ought to do on the subject if it does any- thing. Now, as to the first point, I do not hesitate to say that In many, perhaps In most, parts of the country game- preserving has been carried a great deal too far. If a man wants to carry it on to the extent that some landowners do, let him take what land he requires Into his own hands and bear the expense and the loss himself. But when we come to speak of legislation, I think that If I were a farmer I would consider twice before I asked for the repeal of the game laws. Firstly, because a change of that kind to the law would naturally lead to a general re valuation of farms; and farms In England aro habitually let at a lower rate than they would fetch if competed for in open market. Secondly, and perhaps this Is tho more important reason, because in a country like this yon never can have, you never will have, a stringent and effective law ol trespass. Tho public would neither consent to its being passed, nor allow It to be enforced if It were passed. And in the case of a I Lancashire farmer, who lives in a populous district with 1 many large towns near him, and lots of Idle lads about, I ' suspect he would find that the liability to havo his hedges | broken and his fields trampled by every set of young fellows | who took It Into their heads to see If they could find a partridge or a hare on bis ground, would be a good deal i worse than any occasional damage to crops to which ho Is now exposed. Against mischief of that kind ho would havo no practical remedy, or none which would not cost him \ more In law than he could possibly get back in damages. ; That Is a part of the question which has not been I much noticed, and I think it deserves attention. ( Hear.) Various plans have been put forward for giving tho game— I ground game atleast- to the tcnaut Instead ol the landlord. ! But all ot them that I have seen are open to this objection, that, if the landlord and tenant are to contract freely for the letting of farms. It is Impossible for the law to prevent the landlord from reserving the right of sliootlng; and if, as some people contend, such a reservation Is to l> o mide Illegal, then you are landed in this absurdity, that tho tenant who may shoot on his own account, may also let tho shooting to any human being whom he pleases to select with the 1 single exception of his own landlord. On the whole I think the matter will bo found a very awkward one to deal with by law, and what I should wiish to see— what I hope to sec— is, that by moderation on both sides the necessity for any large legislative measure may be averted. I am convinced that If landowners and their friends would be content with the kind of sport which satisfied their grandfathers, or even tholr fathers, up to 30 or 40 years ago, there would be vory little controversy about It. The tendency of opinion Is In that direction now and I hope It will continue so. For my own part I would much rather sacrifice game altogether than quarrel with my te- nants ; but 1 certainly have not found that objection to it, within moderate limits, which Is often talked about, and I have been asked before now, when about to kill down hares on a farm, to leave a few for coursing. There are two other matters which we may have to dls cuss— the question of leases, and tho question of compen- sation to tenants for unexhausted lmprovomeuts. Now, as to leases, I will tell you exactly what I think. I hold that any improving tenant who wants a lease of 14 or 21 years may fairly bo allowed to have one; and I am not in favour of clogging leases with more than a taw slmplo conditions. But, then, the bargain must not be ail on ono side. If the landowner consents to put bis farm out of his own control for a term of years, ho must be free morally, as he Is free legally, to renew tho contract or not at the end of the term, as ho thinks best. Pro- bably he will think It best; but he has a right to his option. I lay stress on that, because I have seen in tho papers cases where it was made a matter of great complaint that the holder of such a lease was not allowed to renew it, the proprietor of the soil having made other arrangements. I confess I cannot see the justice of thoso complaints. When leases are resorted to, tho relation botween owner and occu- pier becomes one of contract; and neither can fairly claim as a matter of right anything beyond what Is In the contract. In practlco 1 cannot call to mind that on the estates with which I am connected any demand for additional security of tenure has ever been addrosstd to me, and I gather that so far as this part of tho country Is concern; cl, there is no par- ticular feeling on the subject. So far from landowners using their power harshly In respect of changes of tenantry, I think they may more Justly 6e accused of erring In rn oppo- site direction. Many an Incapable and nearly Insolvent. tenant It kept on from tho natural reluctanco to break an old connexion. And though that is, perhaps, a weakness and a mistake, It is a mistake which wo all commit, and a weakness of which nobody Is much ashamed. As to olalms for unexhausted Improvements, it is scarcely possible In the time at our disposal to discuss tho limits within which they aro Just. In some cases, as, for instanco, whero artificial manures have been used, I apprehend that these claims are regulated by a local custom which Is well understood Where a tenant has a leaBO they generally will and to my mind they always should, be matters of arrange, ment between him and the landlord. It Is uot tho land- owner's Interest to havo his farm run out during the last tour years of the lease, and It is not tho tenant's Interest to run It out, If he can either securo the valuo of what ho has put In or a renewal of his tenanoy. They are both gainers by coming to an agreement, and I do not see that either fresh legislation or the Intervention of any third party is necessary. In the case of a yearly tenant, tho claim Is certainly stronger, and if In cases of that kind grievances arise, as I havo read in the nowsp » pors, I think the question of legal protection is a very fair one to raise. But I speak with no great confidence, for In my experience no dispute has ever arisen on these points In Ireland it used to be pleaded with truth that the tenant did most of tho work of permanent Improvement on tho estate— buildings Included— and that, therefore, ho had a right to tho value of them on leaving. But In this country, at least in Lancashire, all works of that kind are landlords' worts, and the Irish claim does not arlfo, Tho obvious remedy for grievances or misunderstandings on tills question ai Improvements Is, that bsfore they aro nndertakou by ttie tenant in - ach instance, there should be a d<-.' iiilto" flgretQ3,, ut fcho! b.- r they are to bo paid for or not, sad bow their vdue is to be estimated. Speaking ru; a landowner. 1 am u- it io the lea it ufrald of bor. a futa clalrni oc the ground ot tcprorement; but 1 inspect that THE DEATH OF FIELD- MARSHAL SIR GEORGE POLLOCK. . Field Marshal Sir George Pollock died suddenly at Walmer on Sunday. He was born in 1786, and waa three years the junior of hia brother, the late Lord Chief Baron. Sir George entered the military service of the East India Company in 1802f and served under Lord Lake at the capture of Dieg in 1803, and at the assult on Bhurtpore in 1805. He waa also engaged in the Nepaulese campaign of 1817. In 1842 Sir George waa placed in command of the troops despatched to Peahawur in the hope of saving, or rather recovering, our position in Afghanistan, and having forced the Khyber Pass by a series of brilliant aud skillful opera- tions, he marched to the relief of Sir Robert Sale and the garrison of Jellalabad, defeated the Afghan forces at Mamookail, Jugdulluclc, and, finally, all the troops under Akhbar Khan, took posaession of Cabul, and effected the release of the English prisoners. For these services Sir George waa appointed a G. C. B., and re- ceived the thanks of both Houses of Parliament, and the Court of Directors of the East India Company settled on him for life a pension of £ 1,000, a year. On the death of Sir John Burgoyne last year Sir George Pollock waa appointed Constable of the Tower of London, The Times, in a leader, in remarking upon the death of the Constable of the Tower, observes that our Anglo- Indian history has been so fertile in great names that the disappearance of one among many may not be deemed an event of public significance. The career of the late field- marshal, however, covered BO critical and eventful a period in the history of . India that his decease may be noted aa the breaking ' of a remarkable link with the past. The survivor | of three brothers, David Frederick, and George, who rose to distinction out of a saddler's shop at Charing- cro3S two generationa ago Sir George I Pollock has not long survived hia equally , successful and eminent brother, the late Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer. The eldest brother of the I three, David, became an Indian judge of distinction, but Frederick and George rose to the highest rank in j their respective professions.— After a rcsumi of the I military career of Sir George Pollock, The Times saya that the death of 6uch a man should not pas3 without | notice. Hia life was a link between the old order and , the new, between the period when England held her | own in India solely by the point of her sword and | the modern phase of polity in which she governs mainly by even- handed justice. But for Sir George ' Pollock and men like him we should never have had I the opportunity of testing and carrying out this j modern system of Anglo- Indian government. If the Affghans had succeeded in inflicting upon us an ' unrepaired humiliation, if we had never passed the Khyber as conquerors, if we had succumbed in | North- Western lndit to the violence and fanaticism I of the native powers, we should have been com- pelled to face th^ ordeal of the mutiny with vastly | inferior force3 to those we gathered around us in 1857. We 6hould, if we had turned back defeated from j Affghaniatan, have been obliged to endeavour to tem- ! porise with the Sikhs instead of subduing them, and we should very probably have failed, lire struggle which resulted in our acquisition of the Punjaub would ! have been fought out under far less favourable circum- stances, and perhapa our army would have even been I driven back discredited and vanquished into Bengal. In such an event would the population and the native j troops of Bengal have held to their allegiance ? It | la at least possible that they would not have done so; but that they would have thrown off, aa some of them did a few years later, every vestige of loyalty and have rushed into open and savage rebellion. The English power in India waa never so weak, the English fame was never so low. If the revolt of 1857 had happened ten or twelve years before, the whole i course of Anglo- Indian history might have been | changed; and it ia in great part due to Sir George I Pollock's coolness and persistence that the revolt of | 1857 waa not possible a decade earHer. _ The late Con- j etahlo of the Tower waa one of an illustrious fraternity, ! but the legal and scientific learning of his distinguished I brother, the late Chief Baron, will hardly be re- l membered so long as the exploits of the gallant soldier | v/ lio carried the English flag in triumph to the capital j of Afghanistan and taught the unruly tribes of Central Asia how far the arm of England could reach. A DIFFICULTY UNDER THE EDUCA- TION ACT. The difficulties which might have been expected to result from the practical delegation of an important part of their dutiea by the London School Board to the metropolitan poor- law guardians are already, it Beems, beginning to show themselves ( saya the Pall Mall Gazette). A correspondent of The Times drawB atten- tion to the cafe of a widow living in London, who I has five children, three of whom she is unable to send | to school from Inability to pay even the small fees 1 which are required for them. The London School Board has, it will be remembered, passed a resolution re- j fusing to pay fees in any case, and affirming the ex- I pediency of referring all cases of alleged inability to | pay feea to the consideration of the poor- law guar- | dians. The guardians, however, refer them back to i the School Board, and the consequence la that the | children escape tho operations of the Act altogether, j This ia precisely the dilemma which we predioted from 1 the first, nnd it is astonishing that the London School Board, in the face of the known antecedents of the metropolitan boards of guardiana aa administrators of Dension'a Act, should have supposed it_ possible to obtain their genuine co- operation in administering the Education Act. It appears from the letter above quoted that the family in question are already in re- ceipt of Gs. a week from the parish, and we know quite enongh of the principles that govern the conduct of guardians to feel aasured that the latter are not likely to increase the burden on the local ratea by an ad- ditional change for educating the children, when they may throw that charge on the school board; or, in other words, on the general rate of the metropolis. MORE EX POST FACTO. It has been suggested, in irony by some educated writers, in stupid earnest by some ignorant speakers, that tho builders of the Alabama should be " invited" to contributo enormously towards payment of tho Geneva imposition. The idea is not ao outrageous as it appears. It is certainly logical. If England ia to bo amerced in a great sum for doing what at the timo she did it was perfectly lawful, why not carry out the principle, and inflict a penalty on Messrs. Laird for doing what was not only lawful at tho time, but is law- ful now? But let UB go on. Nobody will eay that it iB unlawful, however unpleasant, for a person to be ilL Tho illness of a Government adviser prevented certain action in the case of tho Confederate vessels, l'ass a law that no person shall be ill when hia services are re- quired, and give it arotrospective action. Makcitinclude the doctore, who ought to have cured the official in time to leave him fit to do hia duty. Ono way and another wo shall manage no pick up a good many con- tributiona towards tho big fine, if wo will only follow up the noblo rule initiated at the Genera Juggle.— Punch, The Finaro professes to have discovered that M. OamiKtti is C- ersnac orip'u. U'c lirandfu'her, It says, vwn named Oon));-.' ri6. Ho Ciiuie to Frauce la the time of Napoleon I., and rotrrled n linU& n . inures*, Ppon that OCC- ISIOD ho '.- banged a) A nam* to ( iaujoctto. THE FREEMAN OF GLASGOW. ( From Pundi) YOO'RE a sharp man of business, Indeed, ROBERT LOWE : Foraprincipal partner of GLADSTONE & Co., Tou seem just a Qt man to a critical sight, When that Firm's viewed in simply a mercantile light You've a head on your shoulders, from some of your talk To conclude, above what waiters use to call " chalk.'' But while that must be granted, there's this to be said ; You've a chiefly chalk heart, if a partly chalk head. In framing a Budget you'd challenge compare. Impartial to render Its weight did you dare, And cease. In imposing taxation, your plan To make It unpleasant aa much as you can. But need you, because at a Budget you're pat, A Bagman's view take of your place, for all that ? There Is more in that office, by many degrees, Than the work of a sayeall and parer of cheese. Let forest and open space, rather than cott The Natlqn a farthing, ba sold otl and lost: Let a Traveller perish; a Livingstone rot. If his rescue would lessen a surplus one jot. Such views are the views of a Bagman, sweet BOB. And a Bagman of Bagmen. Beguiled by what Snob Officially down have you let yourself drop, Mere foreman to be of the national shop i A shop In the retail line, ROBERT, as though A firm of small grocers were GLADSTONE & Co., Who sacrifice, popular aiming to be. All else to the end of reducing their tea. Say somo public money's abnormally spent To rescue a hero, or loss to prevent Of land reclaimed, open space, common or wood, What's the harm, after all, aa compared with the good t Is a breach of your doctrinaire's doctrine a sin. That silex you so perseverlngly skin ? Posterity, sure, at museums will view Certain " flints In the drift," that have been skinned by you. O hark how the people your colleagues abuse. Became you and another are two such dire screws I By a too parsimonious AYRTON aud LOWE Why should 111- wlll be raised against GLADSTONE & Co. J DREADFUL COLLIERY EXPLOSION. An explosion of gas took place on Monday afternoon at the extensive colliery of Messrs. Ackroyd Brothers, at Morley, a small town situated midway between Dewsbury and Leeds, by which between twenty and thirty men and boys have been killed^ Aa soon as the news of the accident became known hundreds of persons from the surrounding districta flocked to the spot, and shortly afterwards a body of volunteers descended the mine, which is known aa the Deep Pit The workings in the main where the explo- sion occurred extend several miles. Between 300 and 400 men are employed at the mine, most of whom were at work at the time of the accident The excitement at the mouth of the pit was intense when, the party of explorers havi g descended, the cage waa sent up with the first ma- . George Barrow- clough, who was only slightly bi> ut. After a short interval George Preston, of Gild reome, reached the bank in a very critical state. Ju !; as he waa removed the cage brought up the dead body of a boy, Henry Broadbent, of Gildersome, who, besides having his skull smashed, was terribly burnt and cut it is suppossd by being dashed against the coal through the force of the explosion. When the exploring party came up for relief at six o'clock they gave a fearful account of the sight which had met their gaze underground. The work of recovering the dead had subsequently to be carried on very slowlv, owing to the presence of firedamp in the pit, and the fact that a great deal Of material had also to be sent down for the purpose of erecting temporary means of securing ventilation. As rapidly as possible, however, the work progressed, one of the explorers stating that at one spot he stepped over no leas than 13 dead bodies. Several of the men who were brought up were in a state of partial inaensi- bility from the choke- damp, but after restoratives had been applied were able to communicate some parti- culars of the accident; one of them, named Levy Har- greaves, saying that in his drift 19 men were employed, six or seven of whom were dead. As the bodies were recovered they were removed to a large room in the Royal Hotel. Tuesday afternoon. The explosion has unfortunately proved even more terrible in it3 fatal resulta than had been anticipated. The death list is swelled to 32, and there is reason to believe that one or two more bodies have still to be recovered. In addition to thia there are a fow of the injured who, it is feared, will not recover. An inquest waa opened this afternoon before Mr. Taylor, coroner, on view of the bodies of 24 men and boys lying at the hotel at Morley, and though the in- tention was merely to take such evidence aa would en- able him to grant burial certificates, some important statements were made by one or two witnesaes, men • who had volunteered on Monday afternoon and evening to assist in exploring the pit where the explosion occurred. The moBt interesting narrative was given by a collier named Bower, who had gone in search of a fellow workman, who was missing. Bower had not worked at Morley Main Colliery for some time, but he knew the deep pit well, having been previously employed in it On going up the drift nothing unusual waa observed until he and those with him had gone more than a quarter of a mile, and then they saw dead horses and corves which had been shattered to pieces by tho force of the blast. At length they came upon some dead men, one of them, Henry Townend, his friend, another one Josoph Armitage, and a third a collier whom he did not know. Their safety lamps were out, but had not been tampered with, but in the left hand of the man unknown was a chip match- box, and to free it from his graap it had almost to be pulled to pieoea. There were no matches in it, and none wero found near. The body was only dressed in a pair of drawers, aud where the remainder of the clothes wero he could not BaAfter this evidence, the bodies were formally sworn to, and the inqueBt waa adjourned. The number of those injured more or less exceeds forty. A Crosbne citizen shot tho i tnifing out of his wile's * nck hMr. trhlch v « a* calmly rcpculug on the vrliiaoH- slll, uud Kbluh he took foe fi cafe THE LAST SEASON AT HOMBURG. The Special Correspondent of tho DaVy News, at Horn- burg, sun ts the following Interesting account ol the scene* Which are takine place at that well- known gambling pVv: e The last season at Homburg in thoroughly Bbnsa- tionaL Never have the players been more numerous, or more eager to stake their money. From eleven o'clock in the morning, when the gaming tables aro opened, till eleven o'clock at night, when they are closed, a crowd surrounds the four tables, and frantically struggles to place a coin upon a number or a colour. Eegulations hitherto rigidly enforced have been tacitly suspended. Badly- dressed persona— men and women who have lost alike their characters and their money— are no longer excluded from the rooms, or hindered from getting what they consider an honest living by coolly appropriating the money of others. Hardly an hour passes without a general scrimmage varying tho scene. The epithets of " liar" and " thief " are bandied about a3 if they were commonplaces. Most adroit and brazen- faced are the female gamesters, and among them certain Englishwomen are, by general consent, admitted to be pre- eminent. More than once they have been taxed with stealing by the authorities who superintend the play, and have had to restoro the pieces they claimed as their own. Undaunted by failures they persist in their determination to obtain money at all hazards, and failing to do so honestly, to do it otherwise. One of these female harpies was punished last week. Seated next to a gentleman, before whom there was a large pile of gold pieces, ahe abstracted one or two every timo he leaned forward to stake his money or to remove his winnings. An onlooker, who witnessed the proceed- ing*, got a message conveyed to him on a scrap o£ paper, and he set himself to watch hia fair and very frail neighbour. Keeping a note of the number of pieces she abstracted from hia store, he summoned the police when he thought that the pilfering was becom- ing serious. She waa taken off to the police bureau and searched. As no gold coins were found in her possession, it was inferred that she had transferred her plunder to a confederate. That she did not steal owing to actual destitution was proved by the fact of French bank notes being in her purse. The police had one of these notes changed, and with the pro- ceeds paid the Englishman the aum he declared he had lost. Aa he declined to take further proceedings, the female thief waa discharged with a caution. Another epiaode afforded some amusement to the onlookera a few nights ago. An Englishman and an American who were staking their money at roulette got into a discussion 03 to the ownership of their respec- tive winnings. Language, which if used else- where, would be accounted strong, was warmly interchanged. In former days, when two persona called each other liars, and endeavoured to clutch each other by the throat", the police would speedily teach them a lesson which would punish their conduct If it did not reform their mannera. This year, however, tho rouehs of all nationalities who have congregated at Homburg are allowed to carry matters with a high hand. TJje result in this case waa that, after a few minutes had been paaaed in altercation, the American magnanimously resigned hia claim to the mass of gold in dispute, and the pair settled their differences amicable by 8haking hands across the table. What mire especially distinguishes the present gaming season iB the presence at the gaming tables ot the inhabitants of Homburg. Till now they have been prohibited from entering the gaming rooms during one half of the year, and from playing at the tables at any time or under any circumstances. The paternal autho- rities who first made thia regulation wiaely argued that, if the inhabitants played and lost their money, the outcry against the maintenance of gaming would be too loud and persistent to be long resisted. Permission ha3 now been granted them, on the ground, perhaps, that their losses will have the effect of making them look " with less regret upon the_ final closing of the gaming- rooms. If such be the design, it is in a fair way of being successful. The yells of tho unhappy tradesmen when their hardly- earned florins are swept off by the rake of the pitiless croupier some- times ring through the room. In vain do the superin- tendents exclaim in stentorian tones that shouting ia forbidden at the tablea. The loser refuse to be comforted and roundly swear that they are being cheated or robbed. . . . One table is set apart this season at which nothing but French gold or notes of the Bank of France can be staked. At this table the largo and serious players congregate. Here may be seen those Poles and Russians who have alwavs more money than they know how to use in a laudable manner, and whose object in life appears to be to b. ggar themselves _ at the gaming table. Rich Americans do their best to emulate the RusBiana they profess to admire so ardently and love with an unequalled affection. One or two Englishmen | endeavour to rival the millionaires of New York ' or St Petersburg, while several Englishwomen rife at thia '' gold" table for houra together in the fond but delusive hope that they can break the bank by play- in? cautiously. Such i3 the general appearance of the gold table. Now and then it ia surrounded by an ex- cited crowd desiring not to play but to watch. If the cause of the excitement be sought for, the answer ia furnished in a word which has acquired an exceptional notoriety at Homburg. You will be told that tho centre of attraction ia " the Maltese." Tho Maltese who at present is the theme of talk and the object of interest firat visited Homburg a few years ago. He had been a contractor for military stores, and as is common in tlft case of such contractors, had de- veloped into a successful capitalist When he arrived at Homburg it was greatly in want of a hero. Garcia, the Spaniard, after having broken the bank, winning something under a hundred thousand pounds had come back with hia winninga, had played again, and had lost everything. Olinski, commonly called the Pole, who had won hi3 thousands, and had continued to play, till from staking five hundred pounds at every coup, he was re- duced to play florins, was regarded in American phrase as entirely played out. When Mr. Bugeja appeared on the scene, the gaming public waa longiDg for a new sensation, and the proprietors of the bank were quite prepared for an assault in due form. The result of a few days' play waa more gratifying to Mr. Bugeja than to the shareholders in the Homburg gaming tables. Tho Maltese took away with him twenty thousand pounds sterling. M. Blanc was not disheart- ened. for he argued, as is his wont, that where there is life there ia hope of the gamester returning to the theatre of his triumphs, and _ losing, not only hia winnings, but much more besides. This Beason the appearance of the Maltese was regarded as the begin- ning of the end, or rather as the fitting termination to a prosperous season. However, to the consternation of the shareholders, fortune continued to favour the player, who was in possession of the three c's, which have been defined aa a gamester's requisites— coolness, courage, and capital Night after night the Maltese retired to hia bed with the pleasing thought that his well- spent day had yielded him two thousand pounds. Thia sum represented hiB average winnings. Somo day8 he made more and aome less, the result being that he soon found that the sum of forty thousand pounds had been transferred from the coffers of tho bank to his pockets. As he boro hia bundles of thousand frano notes away from the tablea he waa fol- lowed by an admiring and envious crowd. Hia foot- atepa were dogged by ladiea whose designs, let me hope, were honourable, but whose demeanour waa haidly as retiring as becomes the modest sex. In fact, tho Maltese became the hero of the hour. When his success was most marked, he received an epistle from the official representative of the Govern- ment ordering him to reduce the amount of his stakes. Strong in the belief that the tide would turn, and that the money which had passed into the handa of tho Maltese would flow back into the bank, M. Blanc had allowed the Maltese to play a double maximum, that la, one thousand pounds at a coup instead of five hundred. If the cnancea had provided unfavourable' to the player, thia permission would have led to his more speedy ruin. As it was, it had the effect of the in- creasing his gains. The countenances of the share- holders are most _ rueful. They complain, in the accents of injured innocents, that their dividends havo been absorbed by the Maltese. As they have received 20 per cent, aa a minimum dividend for the last thirty years, they are not greatly to bo pitied. .... Durlngtho week ending Saturday last, 2,18S births and 1,£ 76 deaths were registered In London, the births being 30 and the deaths 115 below the average numbers in tho cor- responding week of tho last 10 years. Tho 1,276 deaths In- cluded 10 from small- pox, 9 from measles, 20 from scarlot fover, 31 from whooping cough, and 60 from diarrhcea. The mortality in London ana 20 other large cities and towns wns at the rate ol 23 deaths to ovtry 1,000 persons Bring, the rato In London being 20 per 1,000; In Liverpool, 28; In Man- chester, 80; and In Oldhsm. wh'. TeccaWot fevei prevails, M h! i, b as 18. The mean temperature ot the air ut tho Royal Observatory, Greenwich, was 52 deg. 4 mln., atd 1 do ® . 4 tnln. belon the average for the wrrespcr- iing w& ai in v<) ye- us. AID TO THE SICK AND W0UJ?, JQED. The report of the German Aid Societies for Tending I the Sick and Wounded has been oitcul&' oed in England within the last few days. Most minute and compre- | hensive information ia given rep.' pecting the societies' depdts in that part of France occupied by the French armies, their varir; us hospitals all over Ger- many, the steamers they chartered, and the sani- tary trains they fitted out for ambulance purposes. An idea of the " magnitude of the operations of these societies may be formed from the fact that the entries of sick and wounded soldiers on their books stand at 509,837 men, of whom 60,000 were French. The total income of the central committee at Berlin has been £ 2,735, G7L Germany contributed £ 1,541,101: the rest of Europe £ 74,750, of which £ 20 200 camo from Great Britain and Ireland; America, £ 214,000; Asia, £ 17,200, of which £ 1,530 wa3 contributed by the British- Indian army ; and Au- stralia, £ 6,110. The donations sent direct from abroad to different societies amounted to £ 58,775. The grand total in " cash wa3 £ 1,916,798. The value of donation in kind amounted to £ 788,8/ 3. The subscriptions of the German Central Committee in London exceeded £ 40,000. The German Gymnastic Society of London alone collected close upon £ 2,000, and as much more in the shape of parcela in kind After defraying all necessary expenses, the societies find themselves the possessors of a balance of £ 52,200. These aid societies intend to preserve their formation and improve their internal arrangements, so that thoy may be the better able in future to alleviate suffering without waste of time and labour, should such a lamentable necessity ever arise. They propose during peace not only to perfect their organization but to train aa great a number of nurses and sick bearers as possible, giving; them, at the Bame time, some elementary or surgical instruction to be brought into requisition when medical aid is not at hand, in cases of accidents, & c-, to look after the sanitary condition of their respective towns, to counter- act epidemics by giving advice as to diet, and so on. In the report will be found much interesting matter respecting the English, American, Belgian, Swiss, and other aid- societies, which did good work on their own account. SATURDAY, OCT. 12, 1872. THE FALMOUTH & PENRYN WEEKLY TIMES. K1RTLEBRIDGB COLLISION. The Carlisle Journal rives the following description ot the scene at Kirtlebridge after the accident :— The two powerfal znpnen which were drawing the express lay lu confused heaps, belching forth tieam wildly, while tho escaped water from tlie boilers of the engines poured upon tho blazing Ore, thus throwing np and all around c'ouds of • moke, which intermingled with the ateam and quite hl< l from view tho alarming magnitude ot the catastrophe. In the cCTirso of about ten minutes, however, the sioka cleared a way, the dliabled and battered eugiue3 exhausted their steam, and a scene which only those who witnessed it can properly describe was opened out to the gaze of tho startled few who happened to be in the imm< a » iata vicinity of the station. Their first thought, however, was for the yusengera— how many were killed and how many it, fared It was > difficult matter to ascertain, as many who had been fort on*.! a enough to eicape uninjured rushed about In a frightened state, leading those who went down to the station to believe that they had sustained serious Injuries Those Who were really injured, however, were still • truccling among the heipsof rubbish, unable to render themselves any assistance. They were extricatei as quickly as possible and medical men telegraphed for in all directions. The true ex- tent of the catastropne was by degrees discovered as one by one of the dead badles were recovered. The first body rescued was that of a well- dressed young woman. 8he was lying among the broken fragments of the carriages. This turned out pads of the horsehair whK 11 jM ' rom tho railway cushions. I must here mention Utenbblo conduct of a nnrse who happened to be a passenger 11) 6 train. Her n* me Wis Sirs. Crawford. She worked * e » 7 hard to aTltvIaio the suffering! of the wounded, and was an * n valuable aid to the doctors She tore her dress to make bandies. We got the dead placed in the waiting - ooms where they were four d, and fn^ V. fully maDgled most of them were. We got at last lint and bandages, and I found my case of instruments. We then set t> work on the other case3 with renewed energy. Several doctors arrived and gave me great assistance. I was doing what I en Id for a poor fellow named Myencouih. when he suddeuly went into convulsions and died. Ail the wounded bore up under their sufferings with the greatest courage and manliness. We had some morphia, which contributed to take away the paia from many of the sufferers. After I had done all I could I telegraphed to my friends in London and Glasgow, and then went to look out for my luggage, which I picked up in a most deplorable state. The little portmanteau whieh I had used as a pillow was in rags and the framework twisted in all directions. I got what I could find into the van of a special train which started for Glasgow. Sly poor fellow- pastenger who intended going to New York wa » , when I left him, in a most hopeless state. He had sustained concussion of the brain and spine, and a portion ot the collar bono was driven into the right lung." THE DEAN OF CARLISLE ON HI6H PRICES. to be the body of Caroline Splcer, apparently about 25 years of ago. Sho was much injured about the head and body, bat no railway ticket was found In her possession to Indicate in what class of carriage she was travelling. In her pocket, however, was found a photograph of herself, and by the aid of this and tho disfigured features, a Mrs. Crawford, who was travelling In the train, but escaped uninjured, identified the body as that ot Caroline Splcer, of Dudley- road, near Bir- ro! sr; ham. Near her was found a flnfc little girl, about six or eovon years of age; she was alive when extricated, but shortly afterward expired. At first it was thought that this was the daughter of some relation of an elderly lady, name unknown, who was subsequently found dead, but inquiries made in the courso of the alternoon proved beyond doubt that the child waa the daughter of Sergeant Baker, of 12, Arundel- itreet, Hamilton, and, accompanied by her mother, had been travelling homewards. Airs. Baker, tho mother of the child, had been taken out among tho fragments of broken wood seriously hurt, and was conveyed to Lockerbie uncon- scious of the sad fate which had befallen her child. Next was found the body of Alexander Kennedy, a small farmer from Balmaglaster, on the Cralgard estate, Inverary. He was quite dead, and the Injuries he had received ap- peared to be about the head and upper portions of the body. He had been taklog care of some sheep for Mr. Hutchinson, a farmer and sheep- dealer living in the neigh- bourhood of Penrith, and was returning home, having a railway tickct for Perth in his possesion, when he met with his death. Lying underneath the second engine, quite dead, and la a fearfully mangled state, was next found the body of John Gordon, the driver of the express pilot engine. His shoes were nearly torn off his feet, his trousers much torn, his legs bruised, and his features much disfigured as well as being blackened by the smoke and fire emitted from the engines. Gordon resided In Charlotte- street, Carlisle, and leaves a wifo and family. He was the son of Robert Gordon, gatekeeper at Lockerbie. The body of a woman, apparently about 50 years of age, was next re- covered from among the fragments of the three carriages r" " A were broken and plied ene upon another. She was dead, and appeared to have sustained Injuries to her heaj and body. No clue to her Identification could be found, nor was there anything found in her possession from which tho officials could obtain her name and residence; no railway ticket was found In her pocket, In which were about twenty shillings in silver, a small bottle of chloro- dyue, a small piece of tobacco, and an empty flask which bad contained brandy ; on one of her fingers were two gold rings— a wedding ring and a keeper, and she wore a brown wlnsey dress, ajstnff petticoat, and a brown woollen ahx. wl. Tho next lour bodies, making up a total ot nine, were one by one taken from among the heap of ruins. , That of Thomas L'. oyd, Broad- street, Montgomeryshire, was found, perhaps, tho first of the four. If not dead when re- ' covered, he only survived a few minutes, In one of his pockets was found a third- class ticket from Shrewsbury to Glasgow. Tho body of Allan Monroe, Jun., except about the head, was not much disfigured, nor was his underclothing much disturbed. He was a son of a partner of the firm of Mess. a. Anderson and Munro, Venetian blind manufactures, Bothwell street, Glasgow. Ho was a young man about 20 years of age, and unmarried, and bookkc. per with Messrs. Schrader and Mitchell, leather, bark, aud hide factors, 69, East Howard- street. He had been in their service In various capatjities for upwards of ten years, aud was very highly esteemed. He had been returning after his liolydays, wnlch he Bpent in taking part in tho Volunteer fetes In Belgium, and wore part of tho undress uniform of the 1st Lanarkshire Rifles. He breathed, it is said, after his body was recovered, but life was soon afterwards found to bo extinct, and he was at once removed, to tho shed among the dead. The body of John Carson Men- nock Sanquhar was also taken from among the rubbish. In his pocket was a ticket from Liverpool to Glasgow. He had OJBO a ticket for New York, it being his intention to sail for tho latter place by the steamer Anglia. The body of William Myeracough. of theHlbersMyddleton. near Manchester, travel- ler for A. Bouck and Co , Chy mists, Miles Platting, Manchester, com pleted a list of nine killed, and It was now thought that the whole of the sid tale had been told. This was not so, however, for after the lapse of some time the legs of a woman were seen protudlng from among some fragments, a Krtion of which bad been removed. The rubbish having en taken away, the body was found to be that of Mrs. Hind, of Carlisle, and near her lay the dead body of her son, seven years of age. Mother and son, both much bruised about the head and body, were at once conveyed to the goods shed, and completed the list of 11 killed. They were laid out in onu long row, and with their mangled features and torn garments presented a sickonlng spectacle. The damage done by the frightful collision to the perma- nent way, the platforms, aud the station buildings has been repaired, the shattered carriage* have been removed from Eubllc gaze, the bodies of the victims have been handed over > their sorrowing friends for burial, the injured fwith one exception, according to latest report) are progressing satis- factorily, the traffic Is going on as usual, and nothing now remains In this locality ln< iicativo of tho recent scene of death and destruction, save the deep gloom that reigns within tho Uttle cottage of tho unfortunate station- master, whose first child has been born since the accident. Captain Tyler finished his Investigation on FrliJay, and has drawn np his report to the Board of Trade. In his report, which he has already spnt up, he finds considerable excuse for the station- master. ' The accident was, he lays, directly occasioned on the score of his not having been provided with the simple arrangements by which it might have altogether been prevented. " There seemano doubt," says this officer. " that the men doing those duties of working points and shunting trains are only too apt— as exoerience has con- stantly proved— to make mistakes at one time or another in the course of years of service, and when a simple means of mechanically preventing juch mistakes is available it seems strange that it should n « t be adopted, especially on linos of Importance, and on which the fastest train In the country are dally running." Captain Tyler will recommend to the Caledonian Company tho necessary detailed improvements at the particular station in question, and, further, he will mike use of this accident as a means of inducing not only this, but other companies also, to accelerate the adop- tion of similar improvements over their lines of railway. For years past be has been urging upon the railway companies the adoption of the simple apparatus for Interlocking tho points with the signals, by means of which tho accident at Kirtlebridge would have been rendered Impossible. Under the locking system it li mechanically Impossible for a pointsman to set his points in a wrong direction when'the signals are lowered for a train to pass, and it is also impossible where the points are in a wrong direction for tho signals to be lowered. Notwithstanding this hard fact, some companies have been reluctant, others have been negligent, while others again have protested against the recommenda- tion so made to them, and the result is that, say ten years after the fully proved success of this apparatus, an un- necessary danger Is folly incurred by trains travelling through the country at * peed » of 45 and £ 0 miles an hou from want of Its adoption. It will bo remembered that in the celebrated case at the Walton Junction, on the London and North- Western Railway, a recommendation was made by Captain Tyler on that occasion for the locking apparatus to bo adopted, and that a year or two afterwards a fatal accident occurred at that junction, which, from its nature, would have been prevented had the apparatus been adopted by the company This, however, is only one example of the constant neglect of tho recommendations which are made by the officers of the Board of Trade on this particular sub- ject, and It Is to be hoped that another such lesson as has been received at Kirtlebrldgo will not be required to further enforce the recommendations of the Board of Trade In- spectors, especially when it is remembered that the expense of firing the Interlocking machinery Is comparatively nomi- nal. LINES ON LEADERS. " Mr. w. M. W., Staff- Surgeon, Army Medical Department," writing from Skairfield, by Lockerbie, Oct. 2, pays the following well- deserved tribute to Mrs. Crawford:— The fortunate unhurt passengers looked on such a scene of horror that they are not likely to forget. As might be expected, there waa such confusion that it was difficult to know where to begin the work of assistance; but thanks to the aid of two persons In the train, some aid was soon given to the extent afforded by the scanty means at hand. Stretchers were made of doors, beds of cushions, pails of the horsehair from those cushions, and splints from fragments of the broken carriages. It is to bring to notice the services of the two persons alluded to that I chiefly write this letter. One is Mrs. Crawford, a trained superintendent of nurses from the Nightingale Institution at Liverpool. Herself much bruised and cut about the face, no sooner had she re- covered from tho m omen lab' shock than she called from the carriage window that she could render aid, and on my announcing my profession she volunteered to work with me, and we wcro Joined by Sir. R Simpson, a nephew of Sir W. Simpson, a student of Glasgow University. This Entleman, much bruised and shaken, was untiring In his bour, IB spito of tho nervous shock ho might experience on finding himself the sole survivor of all tho passengers in his compartment. Of Mrs. Crawford no praise can be too high. She more than any one In that trying scene showed the presence of mind to give prompt and useful aid, and a readi- ness to utilise tho meansat hand, scanty as they were. Gaining access to her luggage, she took from it the articles of under- clothing in it, and without » moment's hesitation, sacrificed them for making bandages and dressings for the Vvounds. Having used, as did others, tho scarf ribands and handker- chiefs she cut trom her dress the crape and with it made temporary bandages. In short, everything ot her wearing npparel which could be utilized she gave unasked, and aided not only In dressing and setting, as far as could bo done, the broken limbs, and by helping to place men, women and children in the utmost comfort possible. She wa3 quite averse from giving mo her name, but It is only right It should bo known, if for no other reason than that from some Quarter or other she may be reimbursed for the losses sho sustained. When I left Kirtlebrldge, she, having left none uncared for, was going to the engine drivers house, to rest, and there wait for means ot reaching the house of hpr sister, Mrs. Forbes, Avenue- road, Kinross. The Alabama Claims are set at rest. Now drop the subject which has grown a pest. Write off the loss, and never pipe your eye. Split milk! Split milk 1 O'er that in vain you cry. — Punch. An eyewitness, in describing tho fearful accident, shortly after it happened, also writes as follows » — " All went well with us. and we seemed to be keeping up to time until wo reached Oxcnholme, a station near Tebay, I believe. We wero informed that wo should have to wait some time in consequence of an accident having happened to a waggon a- head ot us. We were there upwards of an hour We then went on and reached Carlisle two hours late. When we started again there were in tho compartment with me four gentlemen. The gen- tleman opposite mo— I having my back to thb engine — was trom London, on his way, by Glasgow, to New York. A dark gentleman — an American, I think — sat next him and in tho far corner rras a Scotchman; going to Perth. On my side there was only one person, a Scotch- man, also going to Perth. We chatted pleasantly as we went along, and I was just composing myself for a little rest when there camo a fearful crash. I recollect being knocked about with great violence, and then the back of the carriage where 1 was sitting came In with dread- iul violence. I shrank back, I believe, to avoid the crash, and then distinctly remember the floor being torn up, and come iron bar of largo size coming through the floor. Everything about me seemed breaking up with fearful crashes. 1 then slid Instinctively through the opening in tho lloor and found myself, after a fall, I believe, through the floor of another carriage, near some wheels and a broken door. I crept through them, and, thank God, found my- self clear of the wreckage and on open ground. I felt very much stunned and bewildered for a few minutes, but was recalled to my senses and to a consciousness cf my duty, being a student of medicine, by seeing a poor woman with two children, one a baby, and the other a little girl six or saven yours old, jammed In between two masses of broken wood. With the assistance of the guard and some others we got out the baby, which I held for some time, and afterwards the woman and little girL Tho poor mother was much bruised and frightened. The girl was dead. I shall never forget tha heart- rending cries of the poor mother when I gsvo her the baby, which was not Injured. As I was hurry ing along to see if others wcro hurt, I met a gen- tleman who told me he was doctor of Letley Hoip. tal: I offered him my assistance, and we commenced attend- ing to the wounded. The first case we came across was that ot a soldier, who had sustained a simple fracture of the Ice- Wo made splints of pieces of broken wood, and made THE BISHOP OF MANCHESTER ON MODERN SOCIETY. Bishop Fraser preached on Sunday morning at St. Peter's Church, Manchester, on behalf of the Sunday and day schools. In the course of his sermon his lordship said that, looking out upon the surface of modern society, the wise men of the day cried that the Church was dead. They admitted that she had had a great career, they confessed that modern society owed much to her; but the philosophers of a certain school, inaugurated by a French philosopher now dead, told them they were passed into a new era of thought and of ideas, and that the force at the command of the Church could neither move, shake, transform, nor regenerate the world any longer. So far as they meant that the powers which were once supposed to be possessed by the Church— powers magical, super- stitious, akin to wizardry and witchcraft rather than true religion— so long as they meant that powers of that kind had passed away, he quite agreed with them, for men had certainly lost their belief in the virtue of the priest's touch or even of the King's, in the virtue of holv water and things of that sort. These ideas had passed away, but he ventured to say that the mightiest forces in the world were forces stored up in the treasure- house of Christ's Church— that after all the for- giveness of sins, the sense of reconciliation with God, the recognition there was of power with- in them by which they might escape from the dominion as well as the guilt and punishment of sin were still the mightiest forces moving in this world of onrs, forces belonging to the moral and spiritua sphere, rational forces, but at the same spiritual. What were the questions that touch men most to the quick now ? Were they political questions? No doubt political questions did raise a temporary stir, and sometimes leave muddy waters behind them; but the mightiest question that touched men most to the quick; that kindled most enthusiasm on one side, and sometimes, alas! the moat bitterness on the other, were religious questions. Here was testi- mony of the Gospel being yet a moving and a regular power in the world. He confessed that he shuddered_ sometimes when his mind drew the picture to itself, in calm moments, of the actual condi- tion of modern society. What was Paris under the Commune? What would London or Manchester be if they were given over for a single day to those whom they called the dangeiouB classes? Would they tell hitn, the well- to- do and respectable people, why there ' should be any dangerous classes ? If they would not tell him he would venture to tell them. It was because the well- to- do, the rich, the educated, the refined, the cultured, and the comfortable people had neglected j their duties towards the dangerous classes. They said they were safe under our established monarchy, j because they were a law- abiding people, because they had a parliament that passed act after act; but ' what power would these acts have over the dangerous classes on six days of anarchy. Let them take a walk to Lombard- street, Manchester, and they would understand what he meant by talking of the dangerous classes and their duties towards them. While it would be folly to disguise from themselves the perils by which society in its modern phase was surrounded and under- mined, let them not go away with the idea that there were not great and noble ideas seeking for expression in this age, and that there were not good grounds for the hope of a new order of things. In conclusion his lordship exhorted them not to divorce the spirituality of the Gospel from the realities of life, but to seek to reach with Christian influences the mass of people who had slipped away because they had ncr counsels to give them in matters in which they were most concerned, or because when they sought bread at their doors they gave them nothing better than Btones. It is estimated that Mr. Lowe will have a surplus oU the* 01 flve millions sterling. TL Imperial, it is stated, will enter the Royal" Mfflfitt, Academy at Woolwich on a close of the winter vaca- tion Of a mL^ riy man who died of softening of the brain, a local Amer. <^ nrapor said—" His head gavo way. but hlf hand never did. Uu brain softened, but his heart couldn't Tho Register- General of tho colony of South Australia estimate population at Midsummer, 1ST2, at 100,409. On the first day c^ the Alsatian exodus eighty- eight thousand emigrants ar. i said to have passed through Nancy on their way to France. The National Orthovvcdic Hospital has received tho sum of £ 1,000 from " E. D." This Is tho second turn of £ 1 000 from the tamo donor. At a meeting of the To wn Council of Hamilton it has been unanimously agreed f> present Mr. H. M. Stanley, the discoverer of Dr. Llvingsto. io, with the freedom of the burgh on the occasion of his visit to Hamilton in November. According to German accomita tho number of the inhabitants of Alsaco and Lorralno who have chosen to re- main French is 164,633, and of the. ie> 3S. OOO actually emi- grated ; 12, tWO bad previously left. " We have no liberties." So exclaimed Mdlle. a dressmaker, who tried to < J^> ivn horself In tho Seine. When sho was pulled out, lnsteid of thanking hor preservers, she cried out, " What! thon they don't oven allow us the right to drown ourselves "—" On no pent done plus Be nover." From April lot to the 5th October, the receipts of the Exohequer were £ 31, S15,?". 8, belDg an Increase of £ 2,253,073 over the corresponding period of last year. Tho expenditure was £ 39,717,322 and. tho balances on tho 5th October were in tho Bank of England, £ 1,018,< TW, and In tho Bank of Ireland, £ 1,250,643. The Mayor | of Londonderry has received a letter. In reference to tho Stato purchase of tho Irish railways,. 6tatlng that Her Majesty's Government are pledged " to consider the question whether they can or cannot muko any proposal of a general and satisfactory character to Parlia- ment on this subject." At a meeting of the National Agricultural Union, held at Leamington on Monday, Mr. Joseph Arch In the chair, it was decided to found a colony In Queensland, for which purpose the secretary was directed to advertise for 10,000 able farm labourers. A free passage Is offered, and thousands of arable acres In the valleys on tho eastern coast. Michael Doolin has been committed for trial, at Dublin, for the murder of James Coner, In the hospital ward The new Domesday Book which is being prepared by the Government will contain the name and address of every landowner worth an acre and upwards, together with tho total extent and value of each property, and the parish In which it may be Bltuated. This will be a publication of extreme value In many ways. The Santa Fe style is this—" Death," said a Santa Fe papor, " with fleshless knuckles, rapped at the door of Mrs. J. N. B.' s soul, and obedient to the inexorable call, the spirit of that loved woman floated np, leaving her husband, children, and friends to mourn over the mortal casket." A Mill Plain ( Conn.) woman was, Bays the Danlury Jr'eiM, prevented from attending the funeral of her sister by the non- arrival in timo of a lace handkerchief from New York Tho brutality of the ospress company la severely commented on by the ncighoours. At the close of a sermon, by a casual clerical visitor, 1 at sly preached within a hundred miles of the Clyde, the reverend preacher stited that a gentleman would stand at tho door with a plate for subscriptions, nnd if the sermon wa « not worth a shilling, it was sixpence, but-, it was not worth that, he would give it again for nothing. Tho Chancellor of the Exchequer acknowledges as " Conscience Money,"' the Mceipt of the first half of a £ 5- J note from " R. H. " for Income- Tax.— He also acknowledges the receipt of the second halves of four £ 5 notes from " 8. P. R.," for Income- Tax Tho Sheffield hairdressers have resolved to increase the price of shaving and halrdressing 50 per cent., in conse- queuco of tho rise in the cost of labour and materials. The chlmney- ss^ eBs have also resolved to obtain an advance or striko. Should- they take tho latter Course, every trade in : Sholtield will have struck in turn. " A tale reaches us from Ireland, of a nobleman in d.' sgiiiao, who ia roaming the country with a grinding organ, in a donkjf cart. It is alleged that this singular excursion is tli 3 result of a wager as to tho sum of money to be obtained I in this especial line of vagrancy. There is no accounting for taste."— Musical Standard. At a recent festival, a boy, who did not get a fair j chince at the edibles, said some of the voracious visitors had been starving themselves so long, in anticipation of tho feast, I that they were hollow all the way down, for he " could hear the tlrst mouthful they swallowed strike on the bottoms of , their boots." Early on Sunday morning the dead body of a man respectably dressed was found fearfully mutilated on the ' railroad, about a mile and a half from Colchester Station. Near to the place where It was found is a level crossing, and it is conjectured that the deceased was killed while passing over express any opinion on the question of sanity. The German Evangelical Union is now holding a general meeting at Halle. A resolution doclarlng that tho meeting places itself on tho ground of tho profession of faith of the Reformation, and holds out Its hands to all who cannot yet completely subscribe to that profession waa adopted. Tha hope was expressed that an understanding with the Old Catholics may be arrived at, and that they will aid in tha struggles against Jesuitism. A Paris correspondent has discovered a man whose efirontry is sublime in its immensity; This Is the story which he tells :— A gentleman walking with his little boy on the banks of the Sclno, tho child slipped over the bank Into the water, and would certainly havo been drowned but for the courage of a man who was fishing, who Jumped In and saved the boy. The father thanked him cordially, but asked him If he would add to tha obligation, as he was already wet through, by swimming out for his son's cap." A sportsman who, during the shooting season, had gone to pass a week with a friend in the country, on tho strength ef a general invitation, soon found, by a gentle hint, that he would have done bettor to wait for a special ene. " I saw some beautiful scenery," was the visitor's first remark, " as I came to- day by the upper road." " You will see still finer," was the reply, " as jou go back to- monow by the lower one 1" The death is announced of Sir Patrick Montgomerie, K. C. B , of the Royal Horse Artillery. He was born In 1777, and was educated at Woolwich. In early life he entered tha Madras Artillery, and passed through tho various stages. In 1817- 13 he served In the Mahratta war, and in the Burmese war 1821- 6. In 1810- 1 he commanded the artillery In China, and received a medal and two clasps for Nagpoore nnd Ava, and a medal for China. He was created C. B. In 1838, and K. C. B. In 18fi5. The trade and navigation returns for September show that the aggregate of tho imports amounted in value to £ 20,539,421, or an increase of more than a million as com- pared with last year. In the nine months of this year the Imports were £ 261,310,330, or an Increase of nearly 20 millions compared with last year. The Sicits Times says the cantonal council of Ob- walden has granted the concession for the construction of tho railway over the BrUnlg Fass, and has increased the surety from 150,000t to 200,000f. The company will be re- quired durln? the Winter season to run a train twice daily lrum the terminus on the Lake of Lucerne to Lungern, and onco over the BiUnlg, except In case of heavy snowfalL Sir John Pakington on Monday evening distributed the prizes at the Leeds School of Arts, and in doing so en- larcod on the benefits of mechanics' institutes, which, ho affirmed, were still in the hands of those for whom they wero designed, and had not been appropriated by other classes. He dwelt emphatically on tho value ol technical education. It is understood that the geological survey of Great Britain is about to be extended to Suffolk. Mr. Whlttaker, F G. S., of tho Geological Survey, has taken up his quarters in Ipswich for the purpose of prospecting, and In a few nmntlisa 6talf of geologists will arrive to assist. Mr. Whit- taker is at present inspecting the geological features of tha tract of country between tho Stourand the OrwelL The Church Congress assembled at Leeds on Tues- day, under tho preaidency of the Bishop of Rlpon. The Town Council joined officially in the preliminary procession and cervices. In his opening address, the Bishop enjoined on hi3 brethren that their special business was to consider the extern ion of Church ministrations to the largest possible numbers. Tho papers read related to parochial work, lay help, and church architecture. On Monday, the Danish Parliament was opened by Hie King in person. In tho Speech from tho Throne his ?! j . aty Bald that the Schleswig question was still open, but that ho preserved the firm hope of a satisfactory solution. By a roviflion of the law respecting the national defences tho coun'ry would be rendered as powerful as possible, according to the means at Its disposal. His Majesty also referred to the Increasing prosperity of the kingdom, and to the cordial relations existing between Denmark and Sweden, An outrage of a fatal character has been perpetrated In the county Tipperary. A well- to- do farmer and publican, rvat seated on his car carrying a load of turf, on the road be- tween Temple more and Borrisoleigh. Ho reached a quiet part of the r. ad, shaded on either side by a quickset hedge, when ho was suddenly and without the slightest warning knocked off his car by aterrlfic blow on the back of the head with a large stone. The unfortunate man, who waa after- wauls found ljlng on the road perfectly Insensible, was cariied to his house somo miles further on, but notwithstand- ing every attention he died next morning. A Paris correspondent says that the city looks very gny, and that trade, it appears, was never more prosperous. Gr> at preparations are already making for New Year's Day, aud Ai t c'. es do Paris are being largely exported to foreign countries. Largo orders, too, for ready- mado articles of la lies' dress como from St. Petersburg, Odessa, New York, and San Francisco. Australia, since the opening of the Sues Canal, has become a largo purchaser of cheap Paris jewellery aud boots. John Wildiah, 22 yeaTs of age, is now lying in the Kent County Hospital, suffering from a dreadful wound In- flicted by his sweetheart. Wildish had been keeping com- pmy with Eliza Castle, a cook. When near the Ashford station hemtt the young woman, andshe asked him to leave his frlenls, as sho wanted to speak to him. Wildish did so, acd shoitly after a loud scream waa heard, and Wlldlsh waa l fonnd lying on the ground, his clothes saturated with] blood, | having received a fearful stab in tho back. The young woman | gave herself up to tho police. A strangely suggestive answer to tho query, " Why Is coal so dear?" is furnished by a correspondent of a Man- i Chester contemporary. " A day or two ago." he writes, " two I gentlemen wero going by train in a first- class carriage north- I wards from Manchester. When the train stopped at one of the stations, two colliers got in In their working clothes, be- I grimed with dirt and coal- dust When the train stopped again the gentlemen called the guard, who demanded the ! men's tiskcts. They Immediately produced first- class tickets, and expressed their intention of staying where they weie. Presently they pulled out a bottle of champagne and , proceeded to drink it, boasting that they were ' onWke. 1 and had £ 1 a day allowanceI" It is said that Professor Pepper has left this country for num.- in order to visit the chief cities of America on a Iectuung tcur, and also In order to collect materials which may be available, on his return, for tho instruction and amusement of audlenccs at home. His atttntlon will be xmch directed, while In tho United States, to tho great recent development of mechanical and inventive Ingenuity among their citizens— a development which has Its gauge in the extraordinary number ot American patents which have been taken out during th « last few years. A succinct history Oi the inventions of a given period would doubtless throw znncb li. bt upon tho other aspects of its civilization; and something like this is contemplated by Pxoieaot Pepper AS the ultimate result, alkla travels. A WORD ON STRIKES. ( To my old friend P.) HANO it, Old P., let's ALL strike. Why not? It will equalise matters generally. After a time, when we want bread, beef, and beer, we can all begin de novo. And when we do begin de novo, we'll settle to be satis- fied with Necessaries, and we shall be Every Man his own Butcher, Every Man his own Baker, Every Man his own Washerwoman, Every man his own Bootmaker, & c., & c., tc. Then gradually we shall work round to a rational state. Britons, let's all strike. In the mean- while I shall go and live quietly in Russia.— Yourr| truly, — Punch . Ksoux. in Spain, which was nearly burnt the B of the most remarkable buildings i he Escurial Sp other day. Is one ot tt World; it was commenced by Phllipp II. in 16C3, but waa not Completed until 1ES0 It is in the furm of a gridiron, and was nearly getting into the condition of one, that shape having bean selected in honour of St. Lawrence. According * o a calculation which has been made the total length of the oorus U upward* of one hundred and twenty English m'lca. THE MARKETS. MARK- LANE.— MONDAY. There was a fair amount of firmness observablo lu tho pro- vincial markets held on Saturday. Wheat was not In active request, but values wero well maintained. All description! of Bprlng corn were steady In value. Continental advices re- § ort the trade firm, but without activity. At Mark- lone to- ay the grain trade was firm. The supply of English wheat was only moderato. Although not active, the demand waa steady, and prices were well maintained In foreign wheat a fair amount of business waa transacted, and fine Russian Bort3 were Is. per qr. dearer on the week. Choice malting barley was scarce and dearer. Grind- ing and distilling sorts commanded extreme prices. Malt was firm, at late rates. Sales In oats have progressed steadily, and sound corn has been disposed of at 8d. per qr. more money. Maize has been In request, and has occasionally commanded an advance of Gd. per qr. Beans and peas tending upwards In value. Flour has been firm, at last Monday's Improve- ment. MARK- LANE — WEDNESDAY. The grain trade at Mark- lane to- day has baen without feature of importance. The supply of English wheat has been only moderate, and the quality ln lifferont. Foreign wheat has been in moderate supply. Although not active, the demand has been firm, and prices have been well main- tained. Fine malting barley has commanded extreme quota- tions. Grinding and distilling sorts are unaltered. Malt haa realised full prices. Oats have met a fair sale, at quite lata rates. Beans and peas unchanged. Flour firm. METROPOLITAN CATTLE MARKET.— MONDAY. There has been no feature of Importance In tho cattle trade to day. A moderate supply of beasts has been on sale, and some good- conditioned stock has been observablo amoDgst the receipts from our own grazing districts. Prime breeds havp been In request, and have realized full prices, the best Soots making 6s. 10d. to 6s. per 81b. Short- horns, however, have continued quiet of sale, and have been disposed of at 6s. 6d, to 6s. per 81b. AmoDgst the foreign supply were 195 Dutch, 15 Gothenburg, and 170 Spanish. From Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, and Northamptonshire wa received about 1,750 head: from other parts of En « land about 200: from Scotland, about 100: and from Ireland 160, principally cows. The supply of eheep has been more ex- teDBive. For prime breeds there has been a moderate demand, and choice Downs have sold at 6s. 8d. to 7s. per 81b. Other breeds have been quiet. Calves have found buyers, at about late rates. Pigs have changed hands on former terms. Per 81b. to sink the offaL s. d. s. d. I B. d. i. d. PrimeSouthdowns6 8 7 0 Large coarse calves 6 0 6 6 Prlmo small ditto 6 10 6 4 . o o o a Coarse and Inf. beasts! 0 4. Second quality ditto 4 0 6 0 Prime large oxen .. 6 6 6 8 Prime Scots, < to 6.86 0 Coarse and Inf. sheep 4 0 4 10 Second quality ditto 6 0 6 8 Pr. coarse woolled.. 6 2 6 6 METROPOLITAN MEAT MARKET.— MONDAY. ' There were moderato supplies of meat on offer hereto- day. Owing to the cooler temperature the trade was steady, and prices In some Instances wero slightly higher. Per 81b. by the carcase, s. d. s. d. I Inferior beef...... 3 Middling ditto. .. 3 10 Prlmo large ditto. 4 8 Prime small ditto.. 6 0 Veal 6 0 a. d. d. Inferior mutton„ 4 0 4 8 Middling ditto... 6 0 6 6 Prime ditto .... 6 8 6 0 Large pork 4 0 4 6 Small pork 6 0 6 8 WOOL. The public sales of colonial wool, which In the early part of last week progressed fiitly, owing to tho considerable quantity of second hand wool having been brought forward, and to tho fact that French buyers had cc'ased to operate extensively, are closing with firmness, but not at the highest point of the sales, the actual advance established as compared with the preceding series being Id to. 1 jd. per lb. Cape wools, however, show a fall of ljd. to £ d. per lb. Tha • ales were concluded on Tue3d3y. For English wool, tha trade Is dull, at thesubjolned currencyFleeces: Southdown hoggetti, la OJd. to Is. lOJd.; half- bred ditto, Is. 0J< 1. to Is. 10d.; Kent fleeces, Is. 10d. to la 10id.; Southdown « wes and wethers, la 7d. to Is. 84 ; Leicester ditto, Is. lOd. 2s. Sorts: Clothing, picklock. Is. 7d. tola 8< 1.; prime, Is. 4d. to Is. 6tL ; choice, la 3d. to Is. 8J< L : superior, Is. 2d. to Is. 2J L Combing: Wether matching, la lOd. to Is. 10Jd. ; picklock. Is. 7Jd. to la 8d.; common, Is. 6d. to Is 7Jd ; hogge* malchlng, Is. Ud. to 1 « . 11 } L : picklock ditto. Is, .7Jd, to Is. 8tL; superior, is. 6< L to is. 7} d. per lb. FISH. Our market has been well supplied this morning: demand moderate at tho following prices:— Pickled herrings, 23s to 85s.; red ditto, 12a to 18a ; ronaed ditto, 18s. to 26 « .; fresh ditto 12a to 19i. 6d. per barrel; kippers, 2a to 4s. 6L ; bloaters, la 6d. to 3a. lOd. per box; tuibot, 8a to lis.; brill, 3s. to 3a 6d.; dorey, 2s. to 6s. : cod, 6a to 11a each ; mackerel, 2a to 8a Od.; lobsten. 12s. to 25s. ; crabs. 11a to 26J. per dozen: whiting, 13a to 18s. per basket; plaice, 15a There Is a fair amount of business doing In fine new hops, and for such previous prices are realised. Tho inferior de- scriptions are quiet, and, with the stocks accumulating, easier rate* are generally accepted. There Is no important change to notice In recard to the plantations. The yield is of good quality generally, and as tho hops continue to fall off, much progress is being made in securing them. POTATOES. These markets were moderately supplied with potatoes. Trade was steady, at the following quotations v— Kent ro gents, 140a to 165a ; Essex ditto, 12^ 8, to IL'ji.; and ditto rocks. 126 « , to tffc iprfoc, The Dean of Carlisle has been preaching in his Cathedral upon the prospects of the bad weather, the murrain among cattle, the coLfiicts between labour and capital, and the prospects of scarcity of food and consequent high prices in tho winter. On Sunday afternoon a very large congregation assembled to hear his firat sermon since his return from his summer holi- day. He said :— It appeared to him that tinder the peculiar circumstanccs of the times our first duty was to endeavour to reduco our liixiiricg. There was no question that our nation at this time Indulged in a greater degree of luxury than any other. There was more spent in dress. In gratification, and travel than any other na. ion on earth. And it had been generally obierved by those who studied history that when a nation rose to such a pinnacle of wealth and luxury, L* at that was the beginning of her decay. If, therefore, wo would avoid that catastrophe, we should every one set ourselves to Bee what we could do to reduce nee lless expenses Ho was not addressing iraily, he believed, who indulged iu extravagant luxuries, such as were seen In tho metropolis, and In those places v. here idleness icorned the business of tho day, and •' ocoratlon and folly the go ' s that were worshipped. 81' > 1 it might be that, In their households, and their fumilles, :. their domestic arrangements there was want of CCODO^ r. ud iclf- dcnlal, nnd want of general en- deavour to av. IrT : ctravagance. Coals were to be high In price. What an Important thing that was. Hcuieholdera should ovecy one otthem become conscious of how much waste there was. Every wasto added to tho expense of everybody. Let them go throUgh everything In their house- holds, and see whether they could not do without this or that. It waa the duty of everybody upon public grounds. It was the duty of every man, wopian, and child among us who had comparative ease, i who had dally in- digencies and food and clothes, to economize and Eee what they could do without for the good of the whole. And hero his conscience would not allow him to bo silent In regard to> the expensive indulgences of drink and tobacco. Wore they aware that tho money Bpent in this country upon theso two things would pay the national debt in three years t There were no half- dozen expenses- nay, not oven the expense of the race- course and gambling on race horses, which amounted to so many millions as wero spent in something not necessary. He remembered a timo when not a person in tho kiDgdom except very low people indulged in tobacco. When ho left the university In 1S20 he did not know a friend who smoked. Now the difficulty was to know who did not. He was speaking of It now as an ex- travagant luxury, and If any one gave it up, although it would be painful for awhile, they would be truly thankful aitoriraids for having lost a tyrant. SPUTTERINGS FROM " JUDY'S" PEN. WHAT IS the difference between a good conscience and a brawler?— One feels In the right, the ether reels In the fight. How to put a Horso " on his Mettle"— Shoe him. LATEST from tho Fhh Market.— Wire- quilted Soles. THE police eay tho publicans rather liko the Now Act, now they have got used to it. Jf they have no timo to sell tholr liquors, they cannot well bo out ol spirits. THERE is a popular author who congratulates himself that nearly half the lies that are told about him are not true. WOMAN ought to do all Bhe con to make this earth a para- dise for mon, as it was ail her fault he lost the other. BOOK- KEEPING In One Lesson.— Stick to them. SWEET Idea for a now Drawing- room Ballad.—" Ill bury my love in the garden, It will make the apple tree grow." A WOMAN attacked a burglar, threw him downstairs, and broke his neok. She fancied sho had gone too far, though, nnd explained that Bhe thought it was her huabaud coming home again tipsy. THERE was a reward offered tho other day for the recovery of a largo leather lady's travelling- bag. Whether or not tho large leather lady haa got it back, haa not yet boon stated. HARD TIMES.— JUDY'S paper- maker says that trade Is sta tionery. WHAT may be said of any Party— If the Ministers do not fall out, it is quite probable that thoy will keep In. WEAK ale keeps Its head tho longest; old ale lose3 its head very quickly, and takes away yours almost as soon. " I SAY, don't you know who that is?" " No." " Why, what a fool you are, it's tho celebrated Jone3." *' What's ho celebrated about, then ?" " Well, I'm blest If I know." MEM — A fireman writes to say that if your pianoforte should catch fire, the best plan Is to play on it. YOUNG married people who have their h0U30 built, should have it built round, so that discontent can find no corner in it. — Judy. EPITOME OF NEWS, BRITISH AND FOREIGN. The ex- Emperor Ferdinand of Austria is seriously ill from spinal complaint. The father of the King of Portugal, though seventy years of ago, has recently produced a new opera. The Emper/ r NapoleoD'has no intention of proceed- ing to Ireland, or to reside hero. In the fire at the Escurial none of the works of art wore Injured. The loss incurred Is calculated at about £ 25,000. The Freeman's Journal is informed that Mr. Glad- stone's proposed visit to Ireland has been unavoidably do- ferrcd, and will not now tako placo thi3 year. Great complaint continues to be daily made of the scarcity of silver, there being, ltls said, an almost universal dearth now in tewn and country. " Sir Roundel 1 Palmer, it is said, has declined nl remuneration for his lervlcesat Geneva. Tho sum offered was £ 30,000."— Court Journal. A strike has occurred at the ironmills of Strabane, Londonderry. A thousand persons are thrown out of employ- ment. There is some talk of starting in London a compre- hensive Church, which shall admit worshippers of all sorts and conditions. On a recent occasion, when a new piece wa3 pro- duced at tho Theatre Francis, in Paris, the ox- Emperor's box was occupied by the manager of the Omnibus Company. Heintzmann and Rocbussen, of 23, Abchurch- lane, London, Imported on Friday, per tho Princess Royal, from Rotterdam, the flr6t cargo of Prussian coal. The magistrates of London declare that the cases, of Intoxication havo considerably increased SILCO the Liconslng Act has come iuto operation. The text of the judgment which condemned the pseudo- General Cluseret to death by default haa been posted up at the gate of the Ministry of War, that being his last known residence in France. A " Labour Representative" is to be started for Shiflleld. It Is stated that tho candidature of Mr. George Howoll for Bradford is occasioning serious differences amongst tho Liberal party in that town. A French correspondent tells us that there is at Paris a manufactory of damaged china, which is marked " N," and which is sold as part of tho Imoerlal dinner eorvice saved from the ruins of tho Tullerle3. There Is quite abriak trade done in this business A Kilkenny sentry challenged an intruder on the Irish encampment during tho recent Autumn Manoeuvres. " Who are you ? " Eaid Pat. " I'm the officer of the day," was tho reply. " Then, by tho powers, what aro you dulug horo at night at all, at all ?" immediately asked Pat. It is rumoured that the Education Committee of the Privy Council contemplate framing a list of school books for use In Bchools subject to Government inspection. Tho om- ployrnent of school books other than those thus authorised will, it Is said, not bo sanctioned. " The man who ha3 r > ised a cabbacre head hns done more good than all the legislators in the Hupper Homo and the Lower House combined," said a Radical orator the other day." " Then," replied a wag, " your mother ou^ ht to have had the premium." A portrait of the lady who haa just married Father Hyacinthe shows, as far as outward appearance goes, therov gentleman seems to have made a fair cholco. Tho lady Is in a rather tightly- fitting riding- habit, which allows tho form to be seen, and but lor a rather heavy croaa which hangs from herneck, the portrait would appear rather mundane— that is, round. A list of the members who are to compose the Snpreme Council of War in France has been published by the Journal Oftciel. This Council Is to bo specially charged with the organization andadministratlon of the army. Among tho members are Marshals MacMahon andCanrobert, Generjd Ladmlrault, and the Due d'Aumale. A daring, but happily unsuccessful, attempt to rob a jeweller's shop was modo In Birmingham on Friday in last week. A tray with a number of diamond rings was exposed In the window. A gang of thieves passed,- one ot thom drove apiece of wood against the window and broke it, bnt the force of the blow pushed the tray with the rings so far Into the shop that his companions could not reach to snatch It No property was missing, but tho thieves escspod. A gentleman named Upton, residing'at Blackheath arrived at Dover by the Calais boat on Sunday afternoon, and after taking his seat In a first class carriage of the 3 45 p m mail train for London fell back In the carriage and expired' On Dr. Colbeck examining him he found life was extinct, death having been caused either by a fit or suppressed sea^ el& ness. The Morning Pott considers it probable that the coming lock out in South Wales will be one of tho most im- portant and eventful movements In relation to the labour question that have as yet taken place. It is absurd to sup- pose tha men like the Ironmasters and coal- owners havo not counted the cost of the deliberate actionegainst tho tyranny of trades' unionism. Nor is it to be Imagined that, having the matter thus in hand, they will withdraw from the battle — for it is a battle— until they have accomplished their set purpose. The public have unquestionably felt Impatient at the continuous though temporary success of tradea" unlonlim and have greatly desired to see the mischief promptly stayed.' If the Poit la not much . deceived, the looked- lor reacion has actually set in. The duty on licences for beer, cirie/, und perry, granted by tht> ErciiC amounted to ££•> 3,496 16i 8tL In the jeir ended ttio 31it o » March last. At a meeting on Saturday of delegates of carpenters and joiners elected to cbtaln uniformity ol time and waces In the London district, It waa nsolved to terminate the movement. The Commissioners of Work", it is stated, intend to distribute this autumn among the poor inhabitants of London tho s orpin* bad din ~- out plants in tha R'jjal parks and tho Royal Gardens, Kow. A man threw himself off a viaduct which connects two streets in Paris, believing he was Jumping into tho Seine; ho has since d; ed. Ho thought he was insane, but tbe public have decided tho reverie. Earl RnsBell is now engaged in writing a pamphlet, In which, it is said, tho decision of the Geneva arbitrators will be criticiscd aud the viowB of Sir Alexander Cockburn ETlbtt intially endorsed. A young woman has poisreed herself in " Vienna. In a note, which she had left on a table near tho bed on wl. lch she lay, she had written: -" My last cigar draws very badly, therefore I am tired of llfo. Good night" Garibaldi has written to a correspondent in London, declariu? himself disgusted at the sight of France reduced to be tho haad quarters of Jesuitism. For him there is but one Government in Europe, and it is that which has beheaded the Jesuit Hydra. At tho sitting of tho Spanish Congre? 3 on Friday tho Foreign Minister stated that Spain was desirous of en- tering into a commercial treaty with England for reducing the duties on Spanhh wines ana that the Spanish envoy in London had received Instructions to that effect M. Joigneray, an athlete of prodigious strength, performing at the Folfes- Bergere, Paris. Amongst other exorcUes, being suspended by his feet from a trnpCzo, he lifteJ from the ground a real horse, by the mere force of his wrists. A meeting of iron and coal masters has been held Cardiff, at which it was resolved to meet the claims of the men by combination, and, as a result, notices have beed piveu at allcollerlea and iron works in Morthyr and Aberdare districts to terminate all contracts In four weeks. A Bmallware dealer, named Faulkner, ha3 been foand murdered near Leeds. Ihe deceased, who bore marks of violence and robbery, belonged to Macclesfield. A coroner's ; jury have returned a verdict of " Murder" against some person or persons unknown. Several Italian gentlemen have been staying at I Lincoln during tho last few days, their object being the pur- chase of horse » for tho Italian Government, Including some I ridiug horses for Ivlog Victor Emmanuel. In several cases very high p: ices have been given— In two instances as much as £ 30o and £ 350. THE FALMOUTH AND PENRYN WEEKLY TIMES. To Let, FURNISHED APARTMENTS, CONSISTING of Sjtting- room and Bedroom. Apply at the Office of this Paper. To be Let. rpO BE LET ( unfurnished) a SITTING and I two BEDROOMS in a pleasantly situated house in Falmouth. Gas and Attendance I2s. per week. Apply, 10, Berkeley Yale. A To be Let. TO BE LET, at Michaelmas, a Seven- Boomed HOUSE, with every convenience, near the Quay, Falmouth. For particulars apply to LOBB, Myrtle Cottage. Grocery BJwsiness for Sale. POST- OFFICE Vnd other valuable Agencies are at presefcN Attached. Incoming easy, provided immediate application is made. Stock optional. No gooiUwrll required. Apply to W. A. BENNETT, Market Strand, Falmouth. To Engine Fitters. FITTERS wanted, at Huxhims and Brown's Foundry, Eieter. Grey Talking Parrots. JOHN BURTON has now on Sale a large number of handsome Grey Talking Parrots, at 20s. each. AQUANTITY of tfUNNAGE MATS and BAGS to be Sofd Apply to M. Yan Weenan, Es^ French. Yice Consul, or to Capt. Chauvelon, oft bo6rd the French barque " Paralos," in the Dry Dock. Falmouth, 4th/ Oct., 1872. Try MARTIN'S NEW SEASON'S TME FINEST QUALITY, 2s. 6d. per Pound. The PEOPLE^ Grocer, & c., Lower Market St., and West St., PENRYN. Falmouth School of Art. NIGHT CLASS. THIS School, in connection with the Roy^ Polytechnic Society/_ conducted by Messr3- Handley and RoskmV will resume its duties in the Polytechn\ Ha( ll,\) hTUESDAYS and THURS- DAYS, from 7 to/ commencing on THURS- DAY, 26th September, 1872. Freehand Drawing, Geometrical, Perspective, Model, Plane and Solid geometry, Government Examinations, & c./ Artizans 6s. the Session, from September icj May. Sketching from nature, Crayon, Landscape and Flat Drawings, by arrangements with either of the Masters. A. TREGELLES, Secret ary ¥. H. PELLQW, Baker, Confectioner, and Tea Dealer, NO. 9, AJtWENACK STREET. Pickles, Sauces, Marmalades, Jams,& c. WORCESTER SAUCE 8IXPENCE PEE BOTTLE. The House for Tea. THE Gunpowder Tea Warehouse. REGISTERED TRADE Black Green or Mixed the Finest Spring Crop, J. HTWEAD, Tea Dealer & Grocer, High Street, Falmouth. EOR GOOD PRINTING, in the best style ot workmanship, with the Rreatest expedi- tion, at the most moderate cha^ nos, apply at the • office of this Papor. feBCTHl Western Provident Association. ESTABLISHED 1848. FOR securing Sick Pay not exceeding 20s. per week, and sum at death of Member and his Wife from £ 5 to £ 200. PRESIDENT EARL FORTESCUE. Numerous Noblemen and Gentlemen of the Western Counties are Vice- Presidents and Trustees of the Society, in whose names the funds are invested. The Management is by the members themselves at the Head- office and Branches. Present ANNUAL INCOME is about £ 6,000. The invested savings are nearly £ 40,000, and are yearly increasing, The Contributions are the lowest that will secure the benefits. Members incur no expenses whatever beyond, and are liable to no duties, fines, or loss of time. The Tables were prepared by an eminent Actuary, and the whole affairs of the Society are investigated by him every seven years. Branches are established in most of the towns of the Western Counties, and in London, Bristol, and Portsmouth. Where there are vacancies Branches will be formed on application. Prospectuses, Reports, and all further informa- tion may be obtained of the Secretary, Mr. MORTIMER, 14, Bedford Circus, Exeter. Or of the Local Secretaries in this district:— FALMOUTH— Mr. J. J. Skinner, Manor Office. PENZANCE— Mr. J. Caldwell, builder. TRURO— Mr. J. C. R. Crewes, Ferris Town. LISKEARD— Mr. N. Hare, Jun., Barrel Street. REDRUTH— Mr. W. Nicholls, Jun., Rose Hill. HELSTON— Mr. E. J. Anthony, Savings Bank. ST. IVES— Mr. F. A. Penberthy, Royal Square. ST. AUSTELL— Mr. J. Dyer, Mount Charles. ROSKLAND— Mr. W. H. Webb, Gerrans, Grampound. BENSON S Watches, Clocks, Gold Jewellery, SILVER AND ELECTRO- PLATE. Prince of Wales. Prize MEDALS— LONDON, DUBLIN 4 PABIS. WATCHES 0) all kinds, at 2 to 200 guineas. LEVER, VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL, DUPLEX. CHRONOMETER, CHRONOGRAPH, KEYLESS, CENTRE SECONDS, REPEATERS, INDIAN, Src. Sold JEWELLERY The latest fashions. BRACELETS, BROOCHES, RINGS, EARRINGS, STUDS, NECKLACES, PINS, LOCKETS, CHAINS, CROSSES, ic. CLOCKS Of all kinds, at 2 to 1000 guineas. CHURCH, TURRET, CARRIAGE, CHIME, DINING & DRAWING ROOM, HALL, LIBRARY, SHOP, BRACKET, Sc. Silver and Electro PLATE All the new desig DINNER SERVICE 3 TEA & BREAKFAS. SERVICES CRUETS, BASKETS, INKSTANDS, FORKS CLARET JUGS, SPOONS, & c. Illustrated Catalogue of Watches, Clocks, Jewellery & c., post free for 2 stamps. Watches, Clocks, Jewellery and Plate sent to all parts of the world. , Silver and Electro Plate Catalogue post free 2< L » Watches repaired by skilled workmen. Old Silver Jewellery, Watches, & c., exchanged. Merchants Shippers, and Clubs supplied. Steam Factory and City Show Rooms--- LUDGATE HILL & OLD BOND STKEET, LONDON. rjLEANLINESS.— W. O. NIXEY's KefineS \ J BLACK LEAD « old every where by all Shopkeeper?. fJLEANLINESS.- W. G. NIXEY'i Refined V BLACK LEAD for poliehlnf turret, to., equal to barnljbed • teal, without wait* or dtut- w, O. NIXEY's Refined BLACK LEAD. •' Cleanliness."— The proprietor begs to CAUTION the publla being Imposed upon by unprincipled tradesmen, who, with • vr of deriving greater profit, are manufacturing and Tending -\ TI0HB UAru IT. IS COBO Square, London, W. The New Adulteration Act. — Any person now selling adulterated articles is liaole to a penalty of £ 50 for the first offence, and six months' imprisonment, with hard labour, for the second. Borwick's Baking Powder is warranted pure and free from alum, and other injurious ingredients found in most cheap Baking Powders, therefore may be sold without fear by all dealers. New metal pocket Vesta Box, with patent spring Cover.— Bryant and May have recently introduced very useful little Pocket Vesta Box, with a most in- genious and simple spring cover; it is a novelty in every way, and will soon come into verv general use- being of metal instead of card, and retailed, filled with vestas, at one penny. Any Tobacconist, Grocer, Chemist or Chandler will supply it. Caution. — In calling the attention of the Trade to a recent decision in the House of Lords, in the case of " Wotherspoon v. Currie," whereby an exclusive right to the use of the word " Glenfield" in connection with Starch is indisputably established, we would alaointimate that this decision renders the sale of the starch made by the defendant illegal, and will subject the seller of it to a Penalty of £ 10,000. We beg to intimate to those who may have been induced to buy it, that to save them from total loss we will allow 20/ per cwt. for it, at the Glenfield Starch Works, Paisley, in ex- change for the genuine Article, at the current price. This will entail a loss upon ourselves, as tho packets will be broken up and sold for Wiutc Starch, but it wiU at the same time be the means of rendering the Article useless for further deception. Any information that will lead to conviction will be rewarded. R. WOTHERSPOON &, Co. MRS. WINSLQW'S SOOTHING SYRUP FOR CHILDREN ! Should- always be used when Children are cutting teeth; it relieves ihe little sufferers at once, it produces natur- al quiet sleep by relieving the child from pain, and the little cherub awakes " as bright as a button." It is perfectly harmless, and very pleasant to taste. It soothes the child, it softens the gunjs, allays all pain, relieves wind, regulates the bowels, and is the best known remedy for dysentery and diarrhoea, " whether arfsing from teething or other causes. Mrs. Winslow's Soothing Syrup is sold by thousands of Medicine deal- ers in all parts of the world at Is. l.\ d per bottle and Millions of Mothers can testify to its virtue.— Manu- factory, 468 Oxford Street, London. TIME OF HIGH WATER AT FALMOUTH AND PENRYN QUAYS. MORNING. EVENING. SATURDAY October 12 1 20 SUNDAY 13 2 9 2 43 MONDAY 14 2 50 3 11 TUESDAY 15 4 36 4 0 WEDNESDAY 16 4 22 4 43 THURSDAY 17 5 1 5 20 FRIDAY 18 5 39 5 58 SATUBDAY. QCTOBEB 12, r the falmouth & penryn weekly times. SATURDAY, OCT. 12, 1B73. TOWN COUNCIL MEETING. A special meeting of the Falmouth Town Council was held on Wednesday last, the Mayor in the chair, and the following Councillors also present, Messrs. W. Selley, J. P. Dunning, J. Worsdell, R. C. Richards, J. W. Halligey, J. J. Richards, and W. T. Scott. — Mr. J. J. Richards complained that Mr. Webber, who had previously rendered valuable services, had not attended the Council meeting since ho had been asked, and had consented to withdraw his resignation. Two other Councillors never at- tended, and they ought, he considered, to make way for others, who would do so.— The Town Clerk read a letter from Mr. W. Broad, expressing his intention to attend the Council meetings when busi- ness would permit it. He also read a letter from the Penryn Corporation asking the Falmouth Town Council to remove the boundary stone placed in the Penryn river by the Falmouth Corporation on their last renewal of the bounds. The stone, it was mentioned, was placed in the river three years ago. Messrs. Worsdell, R. C. Richards, and Scott were appointed a committee to meet the Penryn Corpora- tion on the subject. RESIGNATION OF AN ALDERMAN. The Town Clerk read the following letter which he had received from Mr. Jacob Olver :— My dear Sir,— In consequence of numerous business engagements, and other circumstances, preventing my giving that time and attention to the duties of alderman of the borough which I could desire, I deem it my duty to place my resignation in the hands of the Council. I take the opportunity of doing so now as the municipal election is near at hand, and it will be the most fitting time for the appointment of my suc- cessor. I can assure you that I shall not sever the connection which has existed for nearly twenty years without feelings of deep regret j but having given the matter my most deliberate consideration I feel bound to adopt the course I have taken. In resigning the office, I beg to tender my best thanks for the kindness and courtesy which I have received from members of the Corporation, and particularly from yourself as the Town Clerk ; and I would add that although I shall cease to he a member of the Council, I shall always feel great pleasure in rendering any service in any private capacity for the welfare of the town and its inhabitants.— I remain, my dear sir, yours very truly, JACOB OLVER. The Mayor exceedingly regretted that Buch a valuable and useful man as Mr. Jacob Olver should leave the Corporation.— Mr. R. C. Richards also expressed regret, and moved that Mr. Olver should be asked to re- consider the matter.— Mr. Halligey seconded the motion, which Mr. Scott said he would gladly have done, but he thought that when such a business man as Mr. Olver sent in his resignation he had fully considered the matter, and it would be an insult to ask him to re- consider the subject.— The Mayor was not surprised at Mr. Olver's resigna- tion, and was afraid that asking him to remain would prove useless.— Other members having ex- pressed regret at Mr. Olver's retirement, Mr. J. J. Richards thought it would be useless to ask him to remain, and moved that the resignation be accepted. — Mr. Selley said he had had the credit of being the means of Mr. Olver's retirement, but he wished to know what a private quarrel at a yacht club com- mittee had to do with the town business ? Because he ( Mr. Selley ) made a remark at the yacht club committee meeting, Mr. Olver had thought it right to stay away from the Corporation meetings, but he would not follow Mr. Olver's example. He was not the man to lie under the lash of Mr. Olver or any- body else, and would second Mr. Richards's amend- ment that the resignation be accepted.— The Mayor : Mr. Olver does not say in his letter that he resigns through a quarrel. — Mr. Selley : He has sent a note to the clerk of the Local Board of the town, desiring him not to send any more notices. — The Mayor ; We have had several scenes here, Mr. Selley, as well as at the yacht club. — On a vote being taken, three voted for the amendment for accepting the resignation, and two for the motion. — On the Mayor announcing the result, Mr. Dun » ning said in mistake he had voted for the amend- ment instead of the original motion.— The Mayor suggested that the motion and amendment should be put again ; but Mr. Selley protested against a second vote being taken.— The Mayor considered it ungenerous when an error had been committed that it should not be rectified.— After a little lively scene, a second division took place, and three voted for the motion.— Mr. Selley still protested against the second vote, and the Mayor remarked that Mr. Selley could not expect the whole Corporation to be guided by him.— Mr. Selley did not wish it to be.— The Mayor observed that their best men were being driven from the Council. — His worship and Messrs. R. C. Richards, Dunning, and Halligey were appointed as a deputation to wait upon Mr. Olver to ask him to withdraw his resignation. Mr. Selley inquired whether in the event of Mr. Olver resigning he was not liable to a penalty of £ 10 ?— Mr. J. J. Richards said although he voted for accepting Mr. Olver's resignation, he should certainly support the remission of the fine, especially after Mr. Olver's long and useful services to the town.— Mr. Dunning observed that he was afraid that the steps taken by Mr. Olver and Mr. Webber would be followed by others. FALMoUTH. THE CHAPEL AT EArlE'S RETREAT. — The Rev. E. A. Gardiner will preach here to.- morrow afternoon, at 3; and the Rev. S, Brock, of Plymouth ( formerly of Falmouth), on Tuesday evening next, at 7. RECTOR'S RATE COLLECTOR.— Mr. W. H. Dunstan has been appointed by Mr. Duckham, by virtue of a power of attorney of the late rector, Rev. J. Baly, to collect the Rector's Rate and Tithes for the town and parish of Falmouth. SWEDISH FRIGATE. — The Swedish steam frigate Variadis, 22 guns, arrived in the harbour on Sunday, and fired a salute, which was on Monday returned by Pendennis Castle. This frigate a few weeks since brought the King of Sweden from Kiel to Sweden. BOARD OF GUARDIANS.— The number of in- mates of the workhouse last week was 155, against 108 in the corresponding week of last year, and the number of persons w receipt of out- relief was 1,801 against 1,271 ; tho relief granted amounting to £ 57, against £ 63 in the corresponding week. FALMOUTH PUBLIC DISPENSARY AND HUMANE SOCIETY.— The sixty- fifth annual meeting of this excellent institution has just been held. From the reports presented on the occasion we learn that 906 cases, of which 40 were surgical, 611 medical, and 225 not classified, had been treated during the year. Of these 640 were discharged cured or re- lieved, of 199 the result was unknown, 39 remained under care, 12 were uncijrable, and W had died. Falmouth sent 681 of these cases, Penryn 6?, Mylor 38, Budock 27, the remainder ooming from the adjoining parishes. The income for the year amounted to £ 151 Is. 3d.; the expenditure, includ- ing an adverse balance of £ 13 7s. Id., from last year, being £ 157 17s. 6d., leaving a balance due to the treasurer of £ 5 16s. 3d. A TAP- KEePER SENT TO PRISON.— On Monday last Joseph Medlin, keeper of the Royal Hotel Tap, was charged before Messrs. Lean ( Mayor), Mr. j! Olver, T. Webber, and Capt. Tucker, borough magistrates, with infringing the 3rd Section of the new Licensing Act, by selling wine without a licence.— Mr. W. Jenkins appeared for the defend- ant.— P. C. Prater stated that he met a person named Jeffery on Smithick- hill about one o'clock in the morning of the 25th September, going towards her home, with a bottle of wine. He asked her where she got the wine, and she stated that she bought it of Mr. Medlin, in Fish Street Hill.— Mrs. Jeffery stated that she bought it of defendant at his private house, and cave 2o. 6d. for it. It was a bottle of port wine.— The Bench, after considering the case, sent the defendant to prison for 21 days' hard labor, the Mayor at the same time remarking that the Bench were determined to enfore the recent act, and hoped that this would serve as a caution. — Until the new Licensing Act was passed the pro- secution in a case of this description must have emanated from the Excise. AN ANTI- LUNACY PETITION.— A petition has been forwarded to the Lunacy Commissioners con- cerning a lady who has resided at Falmouth, signed by one hundred respectable householders, including among them those Who have known her intimately, and tradespeople who have had business transactions with her. The petition sets out that the lady in question is a person of property, who recently buried her sister after a Bhort illness, and that upon her return from the funeral she was pronounced insane and placed in the county lunatic asylum, notwith- standing her protest and against her will. And the petitioners state they have reason to believe she is not insane, " never having, to our knowledge, com- mitted any act of lunacy, but, on the contrary, in all her conversations, dealings, and business trans- actions, conducted herself as a good citizen. There- fore we are desirous that a competent authority may inquire into her state and condition, or ever she be deprived of her freedom as one of her Majesty's subjeots. And your petitioners ever pray," & c.— The petition has been forwarded to the office of the Lunacy Commissioners, 19, Whitehall- place, London. PENRYN. TRAGIC AFFAIR NEAR PENRYN.— Under this heading the Western Daily Mercury of yesterday publishes the following paragraph :—" Penryn and the neighbourhood of St. Gluvias are much excited in consequence of a tragic affair that has happened there within the past few days. John Hicks, of Illogan, Redruth, was on his way to work at the Perron boiler factory, a few days since, when he called at the house of Edward Goodman, a black- smith, of St. Gluvias, near Penryn. It would appear that both men were acquainted some years ago, and that on the present occasion a quarrel en- sued upon the meeting and its corresponding con- versation. Goodman is said to have struck Hicks with a hammer, from the effects of which he is alleged to have died. His death took place yester- day, and an inquest will be held to- day at Illogan. Of course, we speak of the circumstances leading to the death with all reserve, and wait for the evidence at the inquest to prove the facts. Good- man is said to be a pious and inoffensive man. The matter has been kept dark, and great difficulty is experienced in obtaining information. letters to the editor. THE POTATOE DISEASE. DEAR FRIEND,— In a recent issue of the " Weekly Times," I read with much interest some letters on_ the causes of the Potatoe Disease— a visitation which threatens to occasion much distress during the coming winter. Many suggestions have been offered as a remedy for this plague; allow me to offer one more. For several years I used Gas Lime as a preventive, applying four cartloads or about eighty bushels of gas lime, fresh from the works, to every acre of land to be cultivated with potatoes in the spring. The lime should be put on the field during the pre- sent month, spread quickly and ploughed in imme- diately, then to rest until cultivated. In each season when we adopted this precaution we had remarkable exemption from the malady, though prevalent around us; and I observe that in the letters above referred to the writer recommends the use of carbolic disinfectants, which are doubtless^ de- sirable, having a similar influence to the gas lime, with this difference, that the correctives contained in the gas lime, operating on the soil for several months, are more likely effectually to destroy the germ that causes the mischief. It is highly desirable for public attention to be given to the subject, because the loss of the potatoe crop is likely to prove of serious consequence to all classes in Great Britain, not only as an important article of food, but entailing a loss of many miLion of pounds sterling per annum. But the loss of the potatoe crop, though great, is small when compared with the loss and waste in the Corn used for brewing and distillation, amount- ing year by year to more than ten ' times as much as the potatoe crop. It seems almost incredible, though true, that 70,000,000 bushels of grain are destroyed in producing one year's consumption of intoxicating liquors for the United Kingdom ; a quantity which, if it had been made into bread, would have provided more than One Thousand Million qf Four Found JQoaves, or more than three such loaves per week for every faipily of five persons in Great Britain and Ireland. Grievous and injurious as is this annual waste of seventy millions of bushels of grain, it is, however, only a portion of the loss and ruin caused by the Liquor Disease !— I remain, thy sincere friend, EDWIN OCT. TREGELLES. Derwent Hill, Shotley Bridge, Co. Durham, 5th of 10th Month, 1872. BIRTHS. At Railway Cottages, Penryn, on Thursday last, the wife of Mr. W. J. Broadway, carpenter, a daughter. At Port Adelaide, S. A., on the 16th July, the wife of Mr. J. J. Earle, a daughter. At Shortland, near Auckland, New Zealand, on the 29th of July, the wife of Alexander Fox, M. D., a daughter, named Anna Rachel. jVT A- RRIA GrKS. At the Baptist Chapel, Falmouth, on Sunday last, by the Rev. W. F. Gooch. William, eldest son of Capt. William Hosking, shipmaster, of Falmouth, to Annette Emma, second daughter of Mr. Frederick Truscott, of Berkeley House, Falmouth. At Falmouth Church, on Sunday last, by license, by the Rev. R. Matson, Mr. Thomas Coward, to Miss Elizabeth Sampson, both of Falmouth. At Falmouth Church, on Monday last, by the Rev. R. Matson, Mr. Robert Toy, to Mrs. Mary Jane Tippet, both of Falmouth. At St. Paul's Chacewater, on Thursday last, by license, by the Rev. G. L. Church, Mr. W. C. Buzza, of Budock, to Miss Mary S. Trengove, of Chacewater. • P H1ATH8. At the Marine Hotel, Falmouth, ' on Tuesday last, Capt Carl Holtz, aged 36 years. At Killigrew Street, Falmouth, on Tuesday last, Mr. William Pardon, gardener, aged 65 years. At Porhan Street, Falmouth, on Wednesday last, Mr. John James Harris, gardener, aged 23 years. At Rutland House, Burton- on- Trent, on Thursday last, Sophie, the beloved wife of Mr. F. J. Boberts, and daughter of the late H. R. Osborne, Esq., B. N., of Falmouth, aged 42 years. 4t Portecatho, on Sunday Elizabeth, daughter " of Mr. Wm. Johns, postmaster, ag « d 17 years, At St. Mawes, on the 21st ult, James, eldest son of Mr. W. Snow, postmaster, aged 24 years. In London, on Sunday last, suddenly, Capt Thorns* Woolcock, of Truro, for many years master of the Truro Shipping Company's schooner " Truro," aged 57 years. COUNTY NEWS. Marriages after Divorce.— The Morning Post states that the Marquis of Waterford is married to Miss Florence Rowley. This lady was a divorcee, having been previously the wife of tho Hon. Captain Vivian. It will be remembered that she eloped with the Marquis, and went with him to Paris. There is also, says the correspondent of a contemporary, an on dit from Karlsruhe respecting Lady Agnes Jolliffe, against whom her husband, the Hon. Mr. Jolliffe, of this county, instituted a suit in the divorce court The lady, it is stated, is now engaged to be married shortly than^ heraelf rU& Uan ° ' about fifteen ***** young ® ' Lost of the Little Western.- But a few month, after the wreck at Sally of the " Earl of Arran," th « sister steamer of the " Little Western," which ve « el « had for some time plied together between Penzance and the Scilly Isles, the latter has now shared th « same te. The " Little Western," Capt Hicks struck on the Southern Wells, on Sunday morning about one o'clock, off the Island of Sampson, Scilly and went down. The steamer had'left Penzance th « same morning about 10.30., delivering her mails at Scilly about three o'clock the same afternoon. At night she left the islands to assist in towing a disabled vessel, and the vessel having refused her services, she was returning, when she struck and sunk in three or four fathoms of water. The crew were saved in their own boats with great difficulty. The steam « r was in- sured. She had been running between Penzance and Scilly for twelve years, and has encountered very many stormy seas and been in imminent peril repeatedly. — The mail service and other traffic is now carried on by sailing craft, as formerly, but a new steamer will be put on without delay. A Woman burnt to death.— A widow, named Eleanor Hosking, aged 75, was burnt to death at Penzance on Sunday night. The deceased, who lived alone in a small two- roomed house at the quay, had for a few days been suffering from a cold, and ner son offered to stay with her on Sunday night, but she said there was no necessity for it. About eight o'clock a little girl named Ford, living next door, took her a cup of tea upstairs, and left her with the candle burning. The girl locked the door as usual, taking the key. After midnight another neighbour heard the old woman coughing, and saw a light in her bedroom. About half- past six on Monday morning, the girl Ford entered the house with a cup of tea for the deceased, when she found her on the bedroom floor dead. Her right arm was raised, and she was leaning against the wall. The candlestick was near, with the candle burnt down in the fsocket. All the clothes on the upper part of the deceased's body had been burnt, and the upper part of the poor old woman's body warn also severely burnt No noise or cries for help had been heard. An inquest was held by Mr. Roscorla, and a verdict of " Death from burns " was returned. The deceased intended to go to the Workhouse on Tuesday. Death in a Concert Room.— On Wednesday even* ing last, a concert was given in the Druid's Hall, Redruth, by the band of H. M. ship " Ganges," sta- tioned at Falmouth, the band being assisted by amateurs, and the concert being in aid of the funds of the Foresters' lodge. After the band had gone through a selection of music, one of the party, nafaed Boyns, the Ganges' swimming master, sang a comic song, with piano accompaniment. At the conclusion being encored, he came back on the platform, walked about for a few seconds, and fell with great force flat on his face. The audience thought this waa a trick connected with his next performance, and there he lay for a minute groaning heavily. The conductor, however, thought something was wrong, and called to the audience for assistance, and lifted him up, but Boyns was unconscious. He was then carried to an adjoining room, and Dr. Hudson WM speedily fetched, but the poor fellow died in a few minutes. The concert, of course, did not proceed. The sudden death arose from syncope. The deceased was aged forty, and he leaves a wife and two ohildren. His time for pension was up, and he was only waiting for his papers to leave the service.— An inquest on the body was hold on Thursday, and a verdict returned by the jury that " the deceased met his death by the visitation of God." The deceased appears to have been suffering from rheumatism. Manufacture of Cocoa, Cocoaine, & Chocolate.— " We will now give an account ot the process adopted by Messrs. J a rues Epps and Co., manufacturers of dietetic articles, at their works in the Euston Road, London."- See article in part 19 of Casteiri Household Guide. '' A Visit to Epps's Cocoa Manufactory. — Through the kindness of Messrs. Epps, I recently had an op- portunity of seeing the many complicated and varied processes the Cocoa bean passes through ere it is sold for public use, and, being both interested and highly pleased with what I saw during my visit to the man ufactory, I thought a brief account of the Cacao, and he way it is manufactured by Messrs. Epps, to fit it fo a wholesome and nutritious beverage, might be of tnterest to the readers of Land and Water."— See article in Land and Water, October 14. Brcakfatl ~ Epps's Cocoa.— Grateful and comforting. " By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operations of digestion and nutrir tion and bv a careful application of the fine proper- ties of well- selected cocoa, Mr. Epps has provided our breakfast tables with a delicately flavoured beverage which may save us many heavy doctors'bills.', Civil Service Gazette. Made simply with boiling water, or milk. Each packetis labelled-" James Epps and Co., Homoeopathic Chemists, London."— Also makers of Epps's Cacaoine, a very thin beverage for evening use. BROWN'S BHONCHIALTHOCHES, for the cure of Coughs Colds, Hoarseness, Bronchitis, Asthma, Catarrh, or any irritation or Boreness of the throat, are now imported and sold in this country at Is. lid per box, put up the form of a " lozenge." It is the most convenient, pleasant, safe and sure remedy for clearing and strength ening the voice known in the world. The Rev. Henry Ward Beeohersays: " I have often recommended them to friends who were public speakers, and in many cases they have proved extremely serviceable." The genuine have the words " Brown's Bronchial Troches" on the Government Stamp around each box. Sold by all medicine vendors. — London Depot, 493 Oxford Street VALUARLE DISCOVERY FOR THE BLAIR !— A very nicely Erfumed hair dressing, called " The Mexican Hair inewer," now being sold by most chemists and Per- fumers at3s. 6d per bottle, is'fast superseding all " Hair Restorers"— for it will positively restore in every cast, Grey or White hair to its original colour, by a few appli- cations, without dyeing it, or leaving the disagreeable smell of most " Restorers." It makes the hair charm- ingly beautiful, as wellas promoting the growth on bald spots, where the hair glands are not decayed- Certifi- cate from Dr. Versmann on every bottle, with fi$ particulars. Ask for?' THE MEXICAN HAIR 1F. WER," prepared by H. C. GALLUP, 493, Oxford Street London. FRAGRANT FLORILINE.— For the TEETH and BRIATH. A few drops of this liquid on a wet tooth brush pro duces a delightful foam, which cleanses the Teeth from all impurities, strengthens and hardens the gums, pre- vents tartar, and arrests the progress of decay. It gives to the Teeth a peculiar and beautiful whitenesa and imparts a delightful fragrance to the Breath. It removes all unpleasant odour arising from decayed teeth, a disordered stomach, or tobacco smoke. The Fragrant Floriline is purely vegetable, and equally adapted to old and young. It is tho greatest toilet discovery of the age. Sold in large bottles and elegant cases at 2s. 6cL, by all Chemists and Perfumers. H. C GALLUP, Proprietor. 493, Oxford Street London. IT is a recognised fact, that Bragg's Vegetable Charcoal Biscuits is one of the most invaluable remedies for indigestion, flatulency, acidity, foul breath, Ac. The following is Dr. Hattsail's report on Bragg's Carbon or Charcoal Biscuits :—" I nave, on more than one occasion, subjected to analysis Bragg's pure Vegetable Charcoal, alio his Charcoal Biscuits, and I have always found them to be most carefully prepared; the charcoal and other materials used in manufacture being of the purest and be » t description, and form the most agreeable medium hithvrto devued for the administration of that most valuable remedial substance, Vegetable Charcoal. Signed, ARTHUR HILL HASSALL, M. D., Author of ' rood and it* Adulterations,'' Adulteration Detected,' and other woriu." Sold byall ChemuU. THE FALMOUTH AND PENRYN WEEKLY TIMES. SATT' RPAY, OCT. 12. 1827. Central. READ HERE, AND SEE THE GREAT BENEFITS DERIVED FROM A Is. 1} D. ARTICLE. Alloock'a Poroas Planters have reliered sufferers when is the greatest pain and all other remedies had ailed. Physicians and surgeons of all schools recommend them. A doctor said the other day :—" I do not know what her Allcock's Plasters contain all tho virtues yon ascribe to them, bat this I do know: no plaster or local application has ever given my patients such great jomfort" We publish a tew cases of cares, showing heir wonderful virtues. Farther evidence of their value to suffering humanity ill be demonstrated to any one cilling at the principal gency. B RONCHITIS. Henry D. Brandreth, Esq., Liverpool. 106. Hampton- street, Birmingham, Nov. 27,1871 • Dear 8ir,— I have for some months past been n the nabit of usimj Allcock's Poraus Plasters ( procured from the establishment of Messrs. 8nape and Son, 13, Great Hampton- street, of this town ) when suffering from bronchitis and severe pains in the side, and have on every occasion found immediate relief, whereas I had previously consulted two medical men without deriving tho least benefit I can with confidence recommend them to any one suffering from the same complaint.— Yours respectfullv GKORGL STYLES. [ NFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. " Henry D. Brandreth, 57, Great Charlotte- street, Liverpool. " Dear Sir,— We beg to enclose another testi- monial as to the effieacy of Allcock's Porous Plasters. James Radcliffe, Stamford- street, Moeely, Bays he had been confined to his bed five weeks suffering from inflammation of the lungs. He coughed continually, with great expectoration and difficulty of breathing, which brought him so low that he was unable to rise in bed without support. He applied one of your plasters, and found relief in fifteen minutes, after which he • ays the cough stopped and the expectoration erased. He is now quite recovered. The above is exaotly his own statement, o me.— Yours rwpectfdlly, " JOHN BiCKLE. " Pro W. BOSTOOK, " 24, Stamford: street, Ashton- under- Lyne " November 24,1871." General THE HOUSEKEEPERS of Falmouth and Neighborhood are respectfully invited to try SOLOMON'S Celebrated English Baking1 Powder, ( For making Bread, Tea Cakes, & c., without Yeast), and judge for themselves whether the professional Cooks and others who have declared it to be the be* t that is used, are correct in so saying. Sold by most respectable Grocers, also by the Manufacturer, at 40. Market Street, Falmouth, in Packets, Id. and 2d., and in Tin Canisters, at 6d., Is., and 2s. each. Ask for Solomon's Baking Powder. TARAXACUM OB DANDELION COFFEE. Prepared upon an improved priori . \- om the pure fresh Dandelion Root. THIS Coffees, the valuable qualities of which are now so universally appreciated, can be highly recommended, and is far preferable to all other Coffees. Being carefully manufactured by T. B. PERCY, he can offer an article far superior to any- thing of the kind yet introduced to the public, being remarkable for its strength and quality. • D ANDELION COFFEE. Especially recommended to Invalids as an article of diet. D AND E LION COFFEE. For weak digestion. D iND ELION COFFEE. For Nervous and Dyspeptic affec- tions. D I) ANDELION COFFEE. For Flatulency. ANDELION COFFEE. For Distention, and Biliary obstruc- tions. I) ANDELION COFFEE. Is extremely pleasant to the taste. sc I) Heywood, Ootober 9,1871. Henry D. Brandreth, 57, Great Charlotte- j Street, Liverpool. Dear Sir,— Please to send me another six dozen of Allcock's Plasters and two dosen Brand- reth's Pill's, Is. ljd. The Plasters seem to produce wonderful results. There is scarcely a Uay passes but some one is telling me of the ANDELION COFFEE. Public Speakers and Singers will find it to be a very pleasant beverage aftf r their exertions ; it assists diges- tion, and stimulates the operations of, the Stomach. cures they are making. Rheumatism in various parts of the body disappears as if by magio. Only on Sunday last Mr. Jacob Heywood, Albert- terrace, Starkey- street, Heywood, informed me that he had been troubled with sciatica for three years: so bad was it the last twelve months of that time that he was unable to follow his em- ployment. He had tried manv doctors, been to Matlock, and spent £ 2 on a largely- advertised electrio- chain belt, but all to no purpose. Some one at last persuaded him to try your Plasters. He aid he had no faith in them, but he would try them, for he was stuck fast; they oould not make his pain much worse, and it would only be a little more money sent after the rest. So he bought two ; one he placed on is thigh, and the other on his baok; and a week aftor ho was ready for his work. It is now six months ago, and he has had no return of his pains,— Yours truly, W. BECKETT- D ANDELION COFFEE. Is easily prepared. DANDELION COFFEE. DIRECTIONS FOB USE. Upon one table- spoontul pour half a pint of boiling water ; let it infuse by the fire for ten minutes, then add sugar and water as agreeable. D ANDELION COFFEE. MANUFACTURED BY T. B PERCY, Chemist, ( Member of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Brltian. ) TRURO. Branch Establishment, NEWQUAY. DANDELION COFFEE. Is sold in Tins, at Is. 6d. each. HEUMATISM OF THE WRIST. RHEUMATISM ' Henry D. Brandreth, Esq., 57, Great Char- lotto- 9treet, Liverpool, 36, Crown- street Liverpool, Nov. 21st, 1871. Doar Sir,— Three months since I could not my right hand, owing to rheumatism in it an An my wrist, and ever ton weeks I was in great pain— unable to find any relief. After trying many remedies, I was at last persuaded to try Allcock's Porous Plasters. 1 bound ono round my wrist; in tbreo days I had groat relief, and in a week's time was perfectly cured Your plasters area blessing to the afflicted. I have positive information of their being of groat bonefit in bron- ohitis and asthma. Itwillgivo me pleasure to answer any communication concerning them.— Yours truiy, THOMAS DAVIES. ALLCOCK'S POROUS PLASTERS are sold by all Druggists, at U lid each, with full directions for use, or in any sise to suit- The yard Plaster is specially recommended for families and physicians. One yard equals 18 plasters. Price 14s por yard, 7e 6d per half yard, or 4s per quarter. PHINCIPAL AQENCV FOB GREAT BBITIAN ( Wholesale aud Retail ) : 67, GREAT OHAFTLOTTS ST., LLVSFTPOOU . B.— A Plaster sent to any part of tho country for 15 stamps. First- class Bookbinding. PERSONS wishing to avail themselves to tho opportunity of sending in the parcel now making up for transmission to a first- class Bookbinding Establishment, should forward books and numbers which they wish to have bound, to the Printing Offices oil the Quay, as early as possible. Charges, moderate— quality of work, tho best - styles, modern and elegant. FEED. H. EAELE. DANDELION COFFEE. Can be procured from Chemists, Grocers, Italian Warehousemen, and Confectioners. DANDELION COFFEE, Dealers wishing to sell this Coffee should apply at once for terms to the Proprietor at Truro. JgSPECIAL CAUTION. Ask for PEUCY'S DANDELION COFFEE and accept no other. The Blood! The Blood!! The Blood!! CLARKE'S BLOOD MIXTURE^ FOR CLEANSING and CLEARING tho BLOOD from ALL IMPURITIES, whether arising from youthful indiscretion or any other cause can- not be too highly recommended. It Cures Old Sores Cures Ulcerated Sores iu the Neck Cures Ulcerated Sore Legs Cures Blackheads, or Pimples on Face Cures Scurvey Sores Cures Cancerous Ulcers Cures Blood and Skin Diseases Cures Glandular Swellings Clears the Blood from all Impure Matter from whatever cause arising. As this Mixture is pleasant to the taste, and war- ranted free from mercury— which all pills and most medicines sold for the above diseases contain— the Proprietor solicits sufferers to give it a trial to test its value. Thousands of Testimonials from all P irts. Sold in Bottles 2s. each, and in Cases containing 6 Bottles, 10s. each, sufficient to effect a permanent cure in long- standing eases, by all Chemists and Patent Medicine Vendors ; or sent to any address on receipt of 24 stamps or 120 stamps, by F. J. CLARKE. Chemist, High Bridge, LINCOLN. Wholesale Agents:— BARCLAY k SONS, LONDON, AND ALL THE WHOLESALE HOUSES. 2> T O T I C IE , Cheap aud Good Printing at the Offices of this Paper. DR. J. COLLIS BROWNE'S CHLORODYNE. THE OBIOINAX. AND ONLY GENUINE. CHLORODYNE is admitted by the Profession to be the most wonderfal and valuable remedy e CHLORODYNE » <! » best remedy known for Oonghs, Consumption, Bronchitis, Asthma. CHLORODYNE eCbctaally checks and arrests thoee too often frtaldisoaeee— Diptheria, FeTer, Croap, Aj » » . CHLORODYNE acts tike a charm in Diarrhea, and is the only specific in Cholera and Dysentery. CHLORODYNE effectually cuts short all attacks of Epilepsy, Hysteria, Palpitation and Spasms. CHLORODYNE is the only paniatlre in Neuralgia, Rheumatism, Gout, Cancer, Toothache, Meningitis, to. From Loan Fxi* cn CojrreoHA*, Mount Charles, Donegal, 11th December 1988. " Lord Francis Oonyngham, who this time last year bought somo of Dr. J. Collis Browne's Chlorodyne from Kr. Daren port, and has ( bund it a most wonderfhl medicine, will be glad to have half- a- doxen bottles sent at onoe to " Karl Bussell oommunieated to the College of Physicians that he received a dispatch from her Majesty's Consul at Manilla, to the effect that Cholera ha « been raging fearfully, Md tlk.} the ONXY remedy of any so- rico was CHLORODYNE."— See /< ncrt, lit Dcccmber IBM. CACTIOS.- BKWAaK or PIRACY and IMITATIONS. ( Uctw*.—' nee- Chancellor S" ^^^^"{ TTkTj. and 1U each. None is genuine without the words " Dr. J. COLLIS BROWNE'S O-^ Svn^,"<£ GoWaieni Stamp. Orerwhelir- r.; Medici Te* t. m." my aararrtnfe. each bottfc. ' rmmjt ^ DAVENPORT. 89 Great BuaaelJ Street, Bloomsbui^ • London. ffiraeral Hmwumeraenfo MACHINE & PBESS US' CHEAP AND GOOD PRINTING. - POSTERS If 70U want bold and esprassiva Goto E VRLR'S PRINTING OFFICES. If 7011 want clear and striking HAND- BILLS Go to EAIILE'S PRINTING OFFICES. If you want neat and attractive CIRCULARS Goto E- 4 RLE'S PRINTING OFFICES. If 70a want tasty and appropriate BILL- HEADS GotoEARLE S PRINTING OFFICES. If you want stylish and taking CARDS GotoEARLE'S PRINTING OFFICES. If you want any kind of PRINTING Goto KARLE'S PRINTING OFFICES. SAFE & PROFITABLE INVESTMENT. THE General Mutual Permanent Land, Building and Investment Society, CHIBF OFFICE :— 14, BEDFORD HOW, LONDON, W. C. TRUSTEES :— EOBERT NICHOLAS FOWLER, Esq., M. P., Cornhill, E. C. JOHN FREEMAN, Esq., J. P., Woodlane House, Falmouth. ALDERMAN THOMAS S. OWDEN, Bishopsgate, E. C. 7\ per cent, for 1871 ( including Bonus, " 2i per cent.) paid to holders of completed Shares of twelve months' standing, and placed to the credit of Subscription Shares. 6 per cent, per annum paid on Deposit Loans of £ 100 and upwards, for sums deposited for not less than twelve months. 5 per cent, per annum paid on ordinary Deposits, withdrawable on short notice. Interest paid by Dividend Warrants half- yearly. Profits divided annually, and paid by Bonus Warrants. SHARES, value £ 10, £ 25 aud £ 50, bearing interest at the rate of £ 5 per cent., and participa- ting in profits declared, may be realized by single payments or monthly subscriptions extending over a term of years. ENDOWMENTS for Children not forfeitable in event of death. Females and Married Women can join tho Society as Depositors or Members, and their Investments are speciaHy protected under the " Married Women's Property Act, 1870.'' For Prospectuses and Report of Annual Meeting, apply to THOMAS CORFIELD, tho County Surveyor, Arwenack Street, Falmouth. CHARLES PHILLIPS, the Agont, Killigrow Street, Falmouth. Or to the Secretary, CHARLES BINTON, 41, Bedford Row, London. ADVANCES promptly made upon security of Freehold or Leasehold Property, repayable bi- monthly or quarterly instalments for fifteen years or less, by which means property may bo cquired by payments slightly exceeding the rental value. NO . BALLOT or Salo of Appropriations. The Monthly Repayments include all Law Charges of Mortgage, Interest, and Expenses. No deductions at timo of m- iking tho Advance or heavy Fines on Redemption. Survey Fee and x'egistration, Ul 3s. I'd. on applications of £ 500 and under. General Assurance Company. LIFE— FIRE— LOANS. EsTiBLlsMD 1837. CAPITAL, £ 1,000,000. CM-/ Office— 62, KINO WILLIAM STREET, LOUDON. PEOGEESS OF THE COMPANY. Now Policial Now issued. Assuring. Premium. Assets. 186S ... 813 ... € 251,925 ... £ 7,290 ...£ 347,636 1869 ... 778 ... 296,995 ... 10,155 ... 363,001 1870 ... 789 ... 319,896... 11,194 ... 385063 871 ... 898 ... 333,579 ... 10,123 ... 428,999 BONDS YEAE. T1HE current Bonus period close* on the 31st December noxt. rorsons assuring prior to that date on participating tables will share in the division of profits. GEOEGE SCOTT FEEE MAN, Secretary. Branch Office— Arwenack Street, Falmouth, JOHN EOBEETS, JUN., District Manager for Cornwall. rHOUSANDS are at this moment rojoioing over the boantiful heads of Hair restorod to them By using NEWMANE'S HAIR CROWING POMADE, which was never known to fail in pro. lucing hair. Price Is. and 2s. 6d. OREY HAIR RESTORED to its original color ; Groyne.. prevented and tho growth of tho or BEST QUALITY. BERINGER & SONS, COLDSMITHS, SILVERSMITHS, JEWELLERS, OPTICIANS, • OLE AND ElOLOIIVI AQEHTS. PALMOTTTH. The exact prices charged as at Happin and Webb's Show Booms and London and Sheffield Factories. DINNER AND TEA 8ERVIOE8. SPOONS AND FORKS. 1! TABLE CUTL E R Y 0 » THB FINEST QUALITY. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES POST FREE On application at the above address, OB TO I 76, 77 St 18 OXFORD STREET, ALSO AT MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, LONDON. SHEFFIELD FACTORY - THE ROML CUTLERY WORKS. LOMOOH Funosr - WIN8LEY STREET ELECTRO WOBIS Hair promoted by using NEWMANE'S HAIR LOTION. This is at once the CHEAPEST and BEST HAIR RESTORER out, as it lias stood tho test and ia pronounced superior to the higher- priced London preparations, FREE from DANGEROUS POI- SOS. S, and certain in its action. Try ono Shilling Bottle and bo convinced of its efficacy. Bottles la and 2s. 6d. each. SCURF or DANDRUFF instantly removed by NEWMANE'S HAIR WASH. Tho Best and Cheapest Hair Cleaner extant. In Bottlos at Gd. and Is. Sold in Falmouth by W. F. Newman, chomiat Market Street. HOW TO FASCINATE and pain tho respect, admiration, and undying lovo and affection yon wish. Messrs. Honry, lato of Liberty Street, New York, purchased this secret for one hundred dollars. I will send it to any address for six stamps. J. HENRY, Wells Road, Sydonham, London. B R15ECH- LOADERS. SECOND HAND. BEEECU. LOADEBS. FBOH £ 10 10s. BREECF- LOADERS. BOUGHT FOB CASH. CATALOGUE AND PBICB LIST 3 STAMPS. E. WHISTLER, 11, STRAND, LONDON. BORWICK'S BORWICK'S SAKINQ POWDER Q « U Modal, Hm 1888; Gold Medal, Park • iJitf * AiH 1M » l ro* rm « rmoun om MA WIN UM POWDKBS. BORWICK'S BAKING POWDER rnaku delicious Bread without Yeaat. BORWICK'S BAKING POWDER make* Puddings, Pastry, and Pi* crust « witk U « Batter and Egg*. BORWICK'S BAKING POWDER sold everywhere, In Id. aad 3d. Packet*, and " * ~ i only, and n « * lit you OWD" 6d., Is., 2s. 6d. and 6s Patent Boxes only, oi loose by weight. B# sure to ask for and so « th/ it J< BORWICK'S GOLD MEDAL BAKING POWDER. THE CHEAPEST PACKAGE OF TEA IN ENGLAND. ACHINKS*: ADDY, dbrinfinlng 10 lbs. or really trood . Ulnck Tea. sent carria to any railway station or » arkct town iu Knglnud, on receipt of 10s, by PHILLIP3 & CO. TEA MERCHANTS, 8 KINO WILLIAM ST. CITY. Really Good and Truly Cheap Tea. STRONG to Fino Black Tea, la 4d, Is Cd, 2s and 2H 6d per lb.; 40s worth UPOT carriafo free to any riillwav station or market town in England or Wales, on reeoipt of 40S by PHILLIPS & CO. TEA MERCHANTS, 8KING WILLIAM ST. E. O. Prime Coffee Is 2d, IS KL, Is < VL A Prico List Free. PHIf. LIPS & CO. havo no agents, and no connection with any House in Worcester, Swansea or Wltnoy. [ T7C0N0MY IN CRAPE MOURNING. I JLA ONE FOLD of KAY & BICHARDSON'B NEW PATENT ALBERT ORATE IS AS THICK ss TWO FOLDS of the old mako. STANDARD BA'K. BTlTloil SOUTH AFRICA, LIMITED, lOClnmcnts- i 1: 10, Lo-. u'm-.- l- st., London, inmi-> Dpif i on tbo Diamond- Holds and 15 principal towns in Sonth Africa. This Bank traoaacte every description of Banking business. Tl ELVE CARTES de VISITE, 2 » 8d-. Biz, Is 80. Carte « nl* rg* 3 to 10 l& chM,- S* i Cabtait, to. Stud ) wllb lUnpi. PerfMt oov4 « a tod original r* UoncO era*. London RKfto- OopTt& f Ooiapaaj, 3M E « jkHI. gptnex* « Nf-• too. v. B. a Piuurt, IUK « . MAGNET IN E. NEW CURATIVE APPLIANCES A BOOK of ILLOS- TBATIONS. po* t frue, on app^ raUoa u> HAIILOIV anil CO. 63 NORTH WOOLWICH ROAD. LONDON, Or of any CLemial and Druggist in tbo Kingdom. pONY C AltRI A. GES& Victoria 13 rougliama. Rrerjr devrlptkn of Pony Garria^ n, 1 » rU » • • -. • onef. es. Villi. ( B I. . rt « . Eaotloas, Broa Lin , n- rw f/ f « . The Ite? Mcrcd Victoria « u « l l » » . k Unn 11 Victoria aad Drlrlr^ Phmotot>- drawln< 4. /. Tllht/ LtVOUaB. ... w a us BOJUOI itwd. I^ culon. T OSS of HAIR, & c.— All drfccta of tho hair, t- Mual JLJ baidtcr. o ( JT arty hair, can happDy b- rrrnedlrf Yy UrT. rrfm treatment. Tic l". lo PowiJ-. r. forUw rcmoral ot « nprrno., i- ir. < « . Tho DEPILA- TOEY LOTIO'. for pcnnacentljr FHADICATIXO tb « BOOTS21s, canUge pald- C. TE3ET. SA JUfmt Btrect. lx, n- loa JUDSOir'G LiYEtS— 18 Colcra, Cd. oach. RIBBONS, WOOL, SILK, J'BATHKBB, O3sap! OT « ly D; od In 10 MLNAL » witnoat » ODLN « th » haxwls. FolllMttnaUoMaappiiad. Of aU CWtsal » U- ' i ,, . • <>• nnl QOOD^ KMTlfiQ J at tho Offices of thit Pj^' T. LL, 1872. THE FALMOUTI- I < fc PENRYN WEEKLY TIM SATURDAY, OCT. 12, 1872. © opus of % gag. ( By an Occasional London Correspondent.) < Tho remarks under this head aro to be regardod as tlio ex- pression of independent opinion, from the pen of a gontleman pi whom we have tho greatest confidence, but for which wo neverthcless do not hold oursclvcf responsible.] It will be long before the lamentable suicide of Mr. Justice Willea will be forgotten, and the sad event is Btill talked of sorrowingly. As a student at college, as a hard- working barrister, as an eminent and upright judge, be commanded the respect of the legal profes- sion and the public. The jury gave tbe only verdict that was possible, and it cannot be doubted that tho mind of the unfortunate judge— erewliile so clear and so calm amidst the intricacies and niceties of law— bad com- pletely lost its balance, and we may truly say, " Oh what a noble mind was there o'erthrown." The dis- tressing occurrence ought to prove a warning to others — to lawyers, doctors, artists, and authors especially— not to overwork their brains, as is too commonly the case in this age of fierce intellectual competition. An item of news and an advertisement taken in con- nection are suggestive. It is stated that tho Princess Louise has consented to become the patroness of the National Society for the Protection of young Girls, and that there are now in the society's school between 70 and 80 young girls who are fed, clothed, educated and trained for domestic service. And now for the adver- tisement : " Thoroughly respectable young women who have been carefully trained in arithmetic and book- keeping, and have received certificates of com- petency, can be recommended by the secretary of the Society for Promoting the Employment of " Women." Here are two important facta bearing on these two efforts, both doubtless undertaken with the best possible motives— first, that the supply of good domestic servants is less than the demand, and secondly that the demand for clerks is far less than the supply. The training of otherwise friendless girls for domestic service is a boon to society and a benevolent work for the girls themselves. The great majority of our servant girls enter on domestic service without any training for it, and have everything to learn, whereas a little judicious preliminary training would fit them for their first place, and make it more comfortable to themselves and to their mistresses, and it is certain that for a long time to come there is likely to be a greater demand for such servants than the supply will meet. But to train young women to be clerks and book- keepers is to render still more fierce a competition among unemployed clerks that is already fierce enough- When there are so many young men who are competent clerks, but who cannot find employ- ment, it Beems a pity to train young women— and they would require more of such training than young men do— to the same occupation. While we hear so much of movements on the part of the employed for an increase of pay, a decrease of labour, and sometimes of both combined, an important movement on the other side demands attention. Notice has been given at all the collieries and ironworks in the districts of Merthyr and Aberdare ( so that united action has evidently been resolved on deliberately) that all existing contracts will cease at the end of four weeks; and it seems that in other neighbouring districts a similar resolution ha3 been arrived at; the intention being to withstand the demands of the colliers and ironworkers. The pre- vailing opinion outside these trades appears to be that wages have been a " ficially forced beyond a point that is fair either V e masters or to the public; but, without arguing 11.3 point, this movement on the part of the mask is certainly important; and when to this it is . dded that several large coal- owners in the nort". iave just repressed a demand on the part of the < iera for another advance of 15 per cent, wages, it would seem that a reaction is Betting in. So many branches of industry are directly and indirectly affected by the prices of coal and iron that the attitude of coalownew and ironmasters is all the more important, and the result will be carefully watched. Meanwhile strikes and increased prices are still the order of the day, and it is worth noting that it is not always the employed but sometimes the, em- pi jyers who act on the aggressive— for example, the master hairdressers and ditto chimneysweeps of Shef- field. It is Baid that if the latter should strike every trade in that busy town will have struck in turn. Perhaps the difficulty ere long will be to find any trade or occupation in which something approaching a strike has not occurred, or is not about to occur. ing the distance travelled by theso vehicles. I have not seen the principle in action, and do not know that it will practically work as stated, but if it does the result will bo important. It is said that in London alone— but roally the statement. seems almost beyond belief— the losses to proprietora through the peculation of conductors and drivers amount to £ 100,000. That there is a great loss thus occasioned is, however, certain, and I call to mind that at a meeting of the London General Omnibus Company a year or two ago the chairman said that if the com- pany had received all the money that the conductors had taken the dividend might have been double. Sup- posing therefore that any invention can be applied to vehicles which will register the information alluded to, the working of the system will be important j and if the registering of distance could be applied to cabs, what innumerable disputes might thus be obviated! A resolution which will produce a decided reform in the management of a celebrated public school, the Charterhouse, has just been arrived at by the new governing body of that institution. It has been de- cided that instead of nominations to the foundation, under a system of private patronage, there shall be open competition for admission to the school. This healthy system has for some time been in operation at Eton, ' Winchester, and some other schools; and it is cheering to see tho Charterhouse now added to the number. I hope to see, " Bome day," Christ's Hospital ( the Bluecoat School) adopt the same principle. Most of our public schools, as is well known, were estab- lished for the poor, and were not intended to fall under the patronage of influential Governors, who of course nominate their own poor relatives and de- pendents. It is gratifying therefore to see the open competition system gaining ground. The " Claimant" will ere long occupy the renewed attention of the public, on the occasion of a well- known indictment being pressed against him. Lord Chief Justice Cockburn will, if he is well enough, try the case, but unhappily his lordship is just now in rather a bad state of health. Tho forthcoming caso will excite great public interest, and speculations aro indulged in as to its probable duration and results. Whatever opinions may be entertained as to the jus- tice of his claim or of the advisability of the prosecu- tion now hanging over him, there can be no mistake as to the continued curiosity to see him and to hear him speak, as was evidenced the other day on his arriving at Sheffield, when so great a crowd assembled to hear him that tl^ barri cades on the platform of the station were broken down- The new act in tho legal drama will necessarily be rather long, but the acute and cool- headed judge who will try it will prevent any needless expansion if any one can effect that desirable object. British newspapers have eo often poked fun at the French for their absurd bungling over names of persons and places in our country that it might have been sup- posed that the French would by this time have learnt to be more careful; but they still go en in the old style. The last curious instance of this ia in the Gaulois, a high- class paper. It tells us that when the ex- Emperor and Empress returned to Chiselhurst they were'' receiv ed by tho Lieutenant Attomey- G eneral and Lord Menerdey, who, as is known, occupies a certain position at the Court of London." With all our faults, we certainly do not make such absurd blunders with regard to French persons and places. From the myBtic, stilted, and laboured poetry of which we have had too much of late yean, it is re- freshing to turn to poema which have the ring of true melody and the too little prized quality of common sense, combined with noble sentiments. I have just been reading with delight' such a book, the collected poems of Mr. Rowland Brown, issued by " the poets' publisher." The matter and the manner, tho themes and the imagery, are alike admirable, and are in pleating contrast to the productions of certain poets whom it is the fatliion to admire, but who seem to be only admired because it is the fashion. THE ADULTERATION ACT. Among the curiosities of the literature of Btrikes the following is, I think, unparalleled. Two colliers got into a first- class carriage of a train travelling north from Manchester, they being in their working clothes which were begrimed with dirt and coal- dust. When the train stopped at the next Btation some dis- comfited occupants of the same compartment called the guard,. who demanded the men's tickets. They were immediately produced— first- class, and these gentle- men colliers insisted— and rightly enough— that they would stay where they were; soon after which they pulled out a bottle of champagne which they proceeded to discuss, boasting that they were on strike, and were receiving a strike allowance of £ 1 a day. Supposing that this statement were true, it is monstrous; that men should have as etrike money a sum at least twice as much as they ought to receive in wages argues a most unhealthy state of affairs, while the way in which these men were spending their money shows that such a strike is not likely to last very long. Of course, such an incident aa this is quite exceptional, but still it cannot be disputed that men waste, in many ways, large sums of money in connection with their strikes. About the most contemptible thing in London life is, under ordinary circumstances, a Sunday demonstra- tion on Clerkenwell Green, as the place is still absurdly called. By the way why don't the Metropolitan Board of Works change the " Green" into Square? But last Sunday there was a great gathering at this place, under influentialauapices and for a noble object. Arch- bishop Manning and severalBoman Catholic clergymen and gentlemen convoked a meeting, on the part of the Catholic Temperance Society, and about three thous- and men, women, and children responded to the calL The purpose of tho speakers was to persuade the hea'ers to " keep from drink." Earnest, affectionate, telliDg speeches were listened to attentively, and it is impossible to avoid the conviction that much good must thus have been done. And apropos of this important subject I may add that, having taken considerable pains to learn how the Licensing Act iB operating, I feel assured that it is doing good service in repressing drunkenness. Here and there I have seen statements to the effect that at such and such a place there have been more convictions since the Act than before. This simply proves that in theso places the new law is being more vigorously worked than was the old one. And in many other cases the law is being put into operation as a preventive measure, which is its " u> nt beneficent characteristic. There may be some few b> consistencies and difficulties in connection with the vrort*~„ 0f the Act, but I am persuaded that on the whole it ^-. roving and will prove a great boon to the public. A company has be< ST . { or { { ounda. tion a patent 0f passengers carried ia onmibuMS rad trwawa? « » ^ Land and Water says :— " A very necessary and a very welcome measure passed into law just before the close of last Session. The practice of fraudulently adulterating food, drink, and drugs has become eo common among certain classes of tradesmen that an Act has at length been carried which aims at repressing all such misconduct. As the law now stands every person who wilfully mixes injurious or poisonous ingredients with food, drink, or drugs is liable to a penalty not exceeding £ 50 for the first offence, and will be imprisoned for a maximum term of eix months, and kept at bard labour if convicted a second time. It would Beem. however, that those who adulterate poods are rot always the people who retail them to tbe general public, and it has theiefore been provided that even to vend these spurious articles shall bo punishable with a £ 20 fine, and if any person offend in this respect more than once, the magistrates aro to have his name and address published in the newspapers of tho locality. " The Legislature has not neglected to frame accurate rules for carryicg this Jaw into effect. In the metro- polis the Oommiwioners of Sewers for the City and the VcBtries and District Boards, the Courts of Quar- ter Sessions in the counties, and in the boroughs the Town Councillors may, and when required to do BO by the Local Government Board shall, appoint competent salaried analysts, who are to have an eye to the food, drink, and drugs for ta! o within the districts to which they belong. In each locality the inspectors of nuisances, of markets, or of weights and measures are authorised to procure and submit samples of food, drink, ard drugs suspected to be impure, for analysis by the officials above referred to ; and if adulteration shall thereupon be discovered, they are to prosecute the guilty parties iu tbe magisterial courts. It is further ordered that the analysts shall report quarterly to tho officials who appoint them on tho number of articles analyzed during the preceding three months, and these reports are to be read at the meetings of the local authorities. Any purchaser, also, on paying a small fee to the inspectors may submit suspected goods he has bought for an examination, and the analyst ia to furnish him with a certificate whether they have really been adulterated, and how far such adulteration has rendered them actually injurious. A certificate thus obtained may bo used in evidence against the parties accused. To secure tradesmen against vexatious pro- ceedings at tho instance of aome jealous or offended rival it has been enacted that the onus of proving that the article alleged to be adulterated was delivered to the analyst in the same condition as when received from the seller, shall in all cases lie with the inspectors, who are carefully to seal up and preserve a portion of the sample before analysis is made. " The Act extends to Scotland and Ireland, and if tho public will but acquaint themselves with the power of eelf- protcction which lias by its means been placed in their bands, sanded BUgar and plaster- of- Paris bread will no longer be ' common objects at the sea- side' or elsewhere. Like all Englishmen, we claim the privilege of grumbling even at our most welcome boonB ; so hero we cannot forego a lamentation over tho prospect of augmented rates, which the execution of the Act will entail upon us." Tho Field says :— " It is confidently expected and hoped that the food discussions will waken up a proper practical interest in the question of adulteration. Any laws In existence on the subject are to all intents dead- letter enactments; we seldom or never hear of their being put in motion. And yet it is ascertained that tho tea for our morning meal may bo a mixture of willow. leaveB and dock sweep- ings; our milk a combination of the Thames with chalk which no cow would own to ; our butter pig's grease and annatto; our bread alum and bad flour. If wo prefer coffee to souchong, we receive a ground package of chicory and roast horse- beans ; our orange marmalade ia composed of potato ; — but tho recital of tho rogueries of trado in food would be endless, Tho beet we drink is deleterioualy dragged; the wine we sip owes its bouquet and its body to a skilled chymist, and not to a vineyard ; and BO on. Of course it will be perceived that we have put the caso with Homo colouring emphasis, but there is justi- fication in abundant evidence for every one of our statements. Nothing would be easier or simpler than to render adulteration as exceptional as deliberate poisoning. Over and over again the remedy, penal publicity, has been pointed out Here, indeed, we might borrow a leaf from the regulations on the subject of our friends across the Channel. We do not assume that adulteration is unknown in Paris, but it is not prac- tised in any_ proportion to the scale in which tho business is carried on in London and through- out England: and in truth we have grown so de- moralised in this particular that we virtually encourage a class of dealers to traffic in these unwholesome and scandalous goods. If we read the offers for tenders, and the list of accepted tenders, and the prices for medicines and other articles at local Boards andparochial Guardian caucuses and parliaments, we shall feel convinced atonce that the drugs or the nutritious foods for the infirmary aro supplied at a rate which renders their being adul- terated an obvious necessity. A premium is held out to dishonesty^ while the fair tradesman is quite unable to compete with his knavish rival. To be sure, there is a sort of saving clause put into tho requisition for tenders that the lowest will not necessarily be accepted; but tenders of the most suspicious standards certainly are chosen, while wo never heard of the supply " being with any regularity or care inspected by competent analysts." FLOGGING IN NEWGATE- A SCENE. In London, on Monday morning, tho punishment of flog ging was again administered In Newgate Prison. The culprits were two men convicted of robberies with violence at the last sessions of the Central Criminal Court. In the caso of one of them, George Cohen, a Jew, 38 years of age, it appeared on the trial that the prosecutor, a ship's captain, named Wright, was accosted by a woman in Aldgate, and while she engaged Ins attention he received a violent blow on the head from behind, which knocked him down, and while he was on the ground he was kicked on the mouth, and had his knee- cap broken. His assailants were Cohen and another man, who robbed him of a valuable gold watch and chain and £ 3 in money. The prosecutor caught hold of Cohen, but the latter slipped out of his coat and jot away. He was securea two hours later, and it was iiscovered that he was an old offender. On one occa- lion he was sentenced to seven years' penal servitude, at Middlesex Sessions, and there were other convic- tions against him. His sentence now was ten years' penal servitude, five years' police supervision, and 30 strokes with the " cat." He is rather a weakly man, and as he is suffering from a bronchial affection, Mr. Gibson, the surgeon of Newgate, thought it proper that only fifteen lashes should be given to him. When he was brought into the room where the punish- ment was to be inflicted he seemed to be over- come with the dread of what he was about to undergo, and appeared, or pretended, to We unable to stand. The warders had some little difficulty in getting him stripped, and he was carried to the stocks. When he was fixed in them he exclaimed " Oh, doctor. Ill b « dead," and begged that some water might be brought him. When he got the first stroke he threw his head back as far as he could, and remained a short time & n if he had been entirely deprived of breath. Tho fourth or fifth stroke brought from him a loud howl, and he then looked first to the warder who was wielding the " cat" and then to the doctor, and begged for water. This was refused him, and amid some more howling tho fifteen strokts were brought to a close. The other prisoner was a young man o 20, named William Johnson, who was convicted of a robbery with violence on Patrick Leehan. in Brick- lane, a low neigh- bourhood in the East- end. He is a strongly- built young man having a physique entirely different from that of Cohen. He baa also been previously convicted, and he was sentenced to seven years' penal servitude, five years' police supervision, and 25 lashes with tho " cat" While he was being flogged be shouted that he was innocent He Buffered a good deal. The officials present were Mr. Jonas, the Governor of Newgate, Mr. Under- Sheriff Hewitt, on behalf of the Sheriffs, Mr. Gibson, the surgeon, and Mr. Sidney Smith, one of the principal officers of the prison. DISCOVERIES FOR A DISCOVERER. ( From Punch.) MB. STANIET having discovered DB. LIVINGSTONE, the fashion seems to be commencing of setting him to work as the Universal Discoverer. When not better occupied, let Mr. STANLEY set to work to discover The Lost Ploiad. The first Joke. When made, and who made it Perpetual Motion, Tho Missing Link in the Last London Fog. What becomes of all the Pine. Who takes the Umbrellas. Several mysterious cases of undetected crime. Who Bends Conscience Money to tho CHANOELLOB O? THE EXCHEQUER What becomes of the Postage Stamps given as cbango by Club waiters and put into your waistcoat- pocket The mode of paying a cabman his exact fare without a row. MB. ATBTON'S good taste. On, STANLEY, on, there's plenty of time before yon. iiftsallmtmts Intelligence, HOME, FOREIGN, AND COLONIAL. DEEP MINING— A rather interesting race la going on between the New North Clunes ana the Mag- dala Companies, in the colony of Victoria, to see who is to get the sum of £ 1', 000, which is said to have been offered by the Government of the day to the first mining company which finds gold at or below 1,000ft. from the Burfaco. Tho Magdala's shaft is down 950ft., the New North Clunes pump shaft is down 1,004ft., and the latter has apparently a groat advan- tage ; but some people think tho Magdaja will get the gold first, because they allege that their shaft is right over tho lode, and must pass through it either above or below the 1,000ft, the Now Nttrtli Clunes may have to drive a long way before they find golden stone. Then, again, if the Magdula should strike golden stone before they get 1,000ft. down, the chances are that the reef will have such a heavy underlie that they may not get through it before they go the 1,000ft., or a good deal more. Tho Pleasant Creek News writes :— " A singular and unacconntable featuro in conneotlon with our deep quarli mines 1b being developed dally, which must aurprlio those well experienced in milling matters. It Is the decrease of water as tho greater depths are reached. In the Magdala shaft at 950ft. tho wator has . decreased to a minimum; In the Crown Cross Reel Company's shaft, at 600ft., notwithstanding the two reefs recently struck, no extra water has been met with; and In the long drive of tho Extonded Cross Reef Company, at a depth of over 800ft., tho water la lighter than It was nearer the surface. This, if a general rule, Is very Important to companies engaged in deep- sinking operations." " No BULB," & O.— We have all got into the way of thinking and Baying that no man likes to be paid in his own coin. The assertion is rather too sweeping, for there is one person, at least, who would not make the slightest opposition to such a proceeding — the Master of the Mbit .— Punch. TURTLE AND TURTLE SOUP— Tho Observer gives the following information respecting turtle and turtle aoup :— " In connection with the statements which have appeared In sevoial newspapers rospoctlng what the price of turtle ought to be, a few facta woll known to persona engaged in the trado will be of interest to the public. Tho aupply of turtlo la according to thOBe peraona by nomeana Inexhausti- ble. The beat green- backed turtlo enn only be obtained oil tho coaita of the outlaying laluuda In tho Carrlbean Sea, callod tho Caymans, or in the deep wator off tho ooaat of tho Spanish Main, near Groytown and thereabouts. From theso placea alone can turtlo of tho beat quality for tho Brltlah market be procured. The flah are brought to London in voteola iltted with tanks, by means of which they aro kept alive during the voyages. On their arrival In Eng- land ( tho turtlea are transferred to large boated ponds or tanka, whero they are well fed and apoe. llly regain any strength tliey may have lost through confinement on tho l oyogo. Only a small portion of tho Hah la uaod in the pre- paration of the famoua turtlo soup. This la tho. glutinous parta to bo found between tho shell and tho flah. It tlie trado It Is called callllpuah and calllpeo. In some. Instances tho greou fat la also made use of A largo proportion ot the flush IB coneoiiuently sr- nt to Kingston, Jamaica, whoro tho meat la aaleuble at about id. a pound. In Jamaica the callipaah is preserved, packod in tin lluod cases or OASUB, and la sold in England aa ' Sundrlod Jamaica turtlo. There is really no aalo of turtle meat, pure and simp e, in England. Bome time ago a large quantity of the lleali had to bo realilpped to the place whence It originally came, simply buvuttStf Vhgro was no wwket for it In England." PBOFESSOR AGASBIZ AND THE GLACIAL THEORY.— It is stated^ in American papers that Pro- fessor Agassiz has writton a long letter from South America, where he is now engaged in scientific ex- plorations with tho aid of the United States' steamer Hassler. to Professor Benjamin Peirce, superintend- ent of the coast survey, in which he describes his geo- logical discoveries, and as a conclusion from them says :— " I am preparod to maintain that the whole southern ex- tremity of tho American continent has been uniformly moulded by a continuous sheet of ico. Tho great geological agents are not alono fire and water, as is universally admitted. Ico has had a groat sharo in the work, and I believe tbla also will sooner or later bo recognised with equal unanimity. I am woll aware that my results will bo questioned, and I shall be thought fanciful by geologists ot all schools, as I have been at every step of my glacial researches. Bat an old hunter does not take the track of a fox for that of a wolf. I am an old hunter ot glacial tracks, and know tho footprint wherever I find it." GIBE FROM GENEVA.— An American friend says that the presence of Eight First Class- men in the Ministry accounts for its absence of " pluck."— Punch, A NEW PLAQUE.— The President of the Aca- demy of Medicine of Paris has laid before that body a full description of what is called a new disease, and which has ravaged Illyria. It first of all appeared at Scherbiero, and that name has therefore been popularly assigned to the disease as well as to the village. _ It may be mentioned that the village in question is miser- ably poor, and in a bad position as regards hygiene. The people live on salt meat, drink bad water,_ and are miserably clad, and their abode is in a mountain gorge, where the wind has very little access. The disease has been compared to lupus, scrofula, and syphilis. From M Barth a description it seems most allied to the last Large ulcers attack tho skin, and leave ghastly scars. The mucous membranes are also covered with erosions. Tumours are observed; pains in the bones, followed by exostosis and necrosis. Children have suffered terribly from the disease on the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat, and from caries of the bones of the nose and skulL More than 3,000 cases have oc- curred in Illyria, but it seems now on the wane. M Barth, the learned President of the Academy, went to study it at Porto B< 5, and found 33 cases in the hos- pital. At his discourse he exhibited a number of por traits. He recommends iodide of potassium as a remedy, and it appears to us probable that it would be found efficacious. There is room for further investiga- tion of this new pest— Medical Press aud Circular. A GOOD USE FOR CLEBKENWELL- GREEN.— On Sunday afternoon a very crowded meeting of the working classes among Roman Catholics in London was held on Clerkenwell- green— the fifth of a series of such meet- ings at which the great work of Father Mathew has been freshly inaugurated. There could not have been less than from 4,000 to 5,000 people present, meat ot them evidently of Irish extraction. The meeting was addressed by 1) ather Lockhart, of Kingsland, who has taken all along the leading part in this movement, and who earnestly and eloquently urged his hearers to take the teetotal pledge, as the best and, indeed, the only way, to avoid crime and poverty, and to raise the Irish working man in London to a level with his fellows. He declared that nine- tenths of the crime and of the poverty of the country was attributable to drink, and that Roman Catholics formed too large a part of the criminal population ; and added the testimony from a Catholio priest at Liverpool to that effect. The meet- ing was subsequently addresse. l by some working men and others, and also by Archbishop Manning, who afterwards enrolled several hundred persons, kneeling before him, mostly working men and women, as mem- bers of the temperance society inaugurated . under his auspices. HEARTLESS CONDUCT.— An Elderly Gentle- man, while comfortably enjoying the warmth of hi3 own drawing- room fire, turned, his toes out. No reason has as yet been assigned for this barbarous cruelty.— Punch. THE MOUNTAIN MEADOWS MASSACRE.— An affidavit is published by the New York Times, pur- porting to have been made by P. K. Smith, now resi- dent in the State of Nevada, describing himself as having resided at Cedar City, Utah, from 1852 to 1869, as a Mormon Bishop. It will be remembered that a large company of emigrants . on their way from Salt Lake City to California are known to have been all killed, with the exception of tho young children. When their massacro was discovered the Moinions set afloat the story that they had perished by tho hands of the Indians; but from time to time circumstantial evi- dence has appeared indicating that they were mur- dered in cold blood by the Mormons in revenge far previous outrages upon the latter perpetrated in Illinois and Missouri. The witness, who represents himself to bo tho least guilty among the participants, in the affair, and acting under compulsion, states that the Mormon Militia attacked the emigrants, and after a fight of several days without result, sent in a flag of truce, offering them protection if they would lay down their arm?. The terms baing complied with, the • tire party was shot, except 17 little children, whom he immediately took into his charge, and procured them homes among the people of Cedar City. A THEME FOR SONG.— Tho romantic adven- tures of Mr. Stanley may well afford a theme for song. They have inspired the New York Commercial Adver- tiser, which has deserted the regions of the_ practical to soar into the ideal, and give us the following touch- ing lines on the parting between Dr. Livingstone and his young American friend :— " From the shores of Tanganyika, From tho Lualaba water*, From Wajowa and Mlrambo, Wanyamyembe and Ujljl, Also Un) anyembe, And the mighty Tlilntrumbumbe, Come tho sounds ot bitter alghlng, Comes a voice of utter sadness, And ' O dearlng' and ' O my- ing/ But nary noto of gladuess; For they aro gone, and wont, and parted, Separated, broken- hearted, And they'll never meet no moro This aide of fair Jordan's shore, For those happy day are o'er; And anent their saa adieu Breaks tho natives' wild boohoo ! Boohoo! boohoo I" AN EMPEROR' 8 BUSY LIFE.— The activity of no sovereign in Europe can be compared to that of the Emperor of Austria, as ho imposes upon himself about the hardest life one can imagine. In winter as in summer he rises at five in the morning, walks until seven, almost always alone, and thon takes his coffee and transact* business for two hours with the Coun- cillor of State Braun and the other secretaries of his Srivate chancery. He then gets into his carriage and rives from Schonbrunn or Laxenburg to Vienna to accord audience to tho Ministers or deputations which have given the proper notice of their wish to obtain an interview. Afterwards he goes out to pay visits in tho city. At eleven he tikes a very frugal break- fast, and dines between four and five. His Majesty eats little and drink still less. He prefers the national dishes to all others, and his dinner rarely lasts more than half an hour. In the evening, after having been to the theatre or to a soirict he works for some time with his Ministers, never going out later than ten. If a fire breaks out he is always first on the spot During the sporting season he takes the train at nine at night for Keichenau or Muizzsehlag, dressed in the costume of a mountaineer, nnd passes the night on the highest rocks to hunt the chamois, or in the thick woods to shoot blackcock. In spite of those incessant^ fatigues of mind and body his health is perfect. He is at the same time, like his ancestors, a man of the cabinet and fond of strong exercises in the open air. AN HISTORIC TBEE.— Ono of tho most ' re- markablo relics in tho neighbourhood of the city of Mexico was destroyed by firo early in the sammer, the grand old oyprew hung with mosses, well known to travellers by tho name of the Arbot de la Noche Triste, or Tree of tho Sad Night, under which Cortes is said to have passed the night of July 1, 1520, after his defeat by the Aztec forces. It is unknown whether it was set on firo purposely or by accident The tree was one of the largest of its kind. It stood by the wayside. A portion of the trnnk was hewn away some years sinco, and was sent to the naval museum of Madrid, where it iB preserved with great care. COMPETITION IN THE CIVIL SERVICE.— The result of tho first preliminary examination for tho Becond- class clerkshins, to be competed for at tho end of the present month, has boon announced, and it ap- Eears that out of the 74 who presented themselves eloro the examiners 40 have beeu declared entitled to compete. The appointments offered to the. se gentle- men, says the Civilia nl are more numerous than usual, and they are also of a higher value. Four competitions have been held under tho new system for these second- class clerkships, and in no case have there been more than 122 competitors. On the approaching occasion at least 200 will enter the lists. THE PESSIMIST'S POST OLATE. 7 for iho worst.— Punch. ' r A RUS3IAN ENCYCLOPEDIA.— The Oolos sayS Professor Beresina has just undertaken the publication of an immense Encyclopedia. It will not onlv contain articles on all branches of science, nrt, and'indrs'iy of the length of those in BrookJiaus' Conversation Lexi- con, but will, besides, publish elaborate contributions on all that relates to Russia. This will make the work very much larger than its German model. The Sla- vonic countries will form the subject of numerous articles, the preparation of which will be intrusted ( o the most eminent Slavonic scholars. The Asiatic countries which adjoin Russia will also fnrnbh materials for quite a series of articles drawn up with the greatest care. It will contain, besides, biographies of all the distinguished Russians now living. The editor of this gigantic publication has already secured the asastanoo of a great number of distinguished m' n. Each yeir. three or four volumes will appear, BO that Professor Beresina hopes to complete the whole publi- cation in the space of five years. The Journa1 Ue St. Pilersbourg, with reference to this announcement in the Golos, trubt3 that the learned Professor will be able to keep his promises and co carry to a successful con- clusion a work which broke down, although under- taken ten years ago ty men quite competent for the task. To AR- IST , AMATETRS, AND O HEr.?.— Logicians tell us that two Negatives make an Affir- mative. Will somebody Bay how many Negatives make a Photographer ?— Punch. Too BAD OP HIM.— A doctor recently died who was the oldest medical man in the large district in which he practised. The babies he had helped in early practice through the perils of childhood had come to be grey- haired men; and one_ day, just prior to hi3 death, he had an engagement with one of these, a well- known merchant. The hour of the engagement was long past, and the doctor was pacing the floor of his study, when the gentleman came in with an apology on his lips, " No matter! " said the doctor with an im- patient wave of the hand ; " you are always behind. I remember," said he " thirty years ago, sitting for ten mortal hours in a little back parlour of your father's house waiting for you to be boin. You are always behind time." " Go AND DO LIKEWISE !"— A Brixton clergy- man was recently discovered turning a mangle ( says the Court Journal). The mangling came about in tins wise. The clergyman, going his visiting rounds, called on a poor woman who kept a mangle, and who was at her wit'B end, 6eeing that her husband was ill, and she could get no one to taka a turn, " BO that she might get her work home in time," BO as not to lose her customers." The kindly clergyman listened to her tale, saw her difficulty, and Baid ho supposed turning a mangle required no particular skill— could he do it ? The woman protested that such a thing was impossible ; but in spite of her remonstrances, the rev. gentleman insisted on trying his hand, and continuedat the work far into the niehfc, until all the clothes were ready for delivery next morning. We can only eay to the clergy in general, " Go and do likewise." MR. RUSKIN ON WORKING MEN'S HOMES.— In this month's number of Fors Clavigtra, Mr. Ruskin makes an attack on Professor Fawcett respect- ing the doctrines of politi al economy. He also Btates that he has been asked to contribute tt> the purchase of a park near the metropolis, and he replies :— " I will not; anl beg you, my working readers, to under- stand, onco and for all, that I wish your homes to bo com- fortable and refined; and that I will reaht to tho utmost of my power all schomes founded on the vile modern nolim that you arc to bo crowded In kennels till you are nearly dead, that other people may make m > noy by yoox work, and then taken out in squads by tramway and railway, ti be re- vived aud rellned by scienca and art. Your first business is to mako your homes healthy aud delightful; then, kespyonr wives and children there, and let jour return to them be your daily ' holy day.'" MEM. FOR BATSMEN. — Cricketeia will re- member this year as " The Year of Grace 1S72."— Punch. HORSE GUARDS' GOOD BARGAINS.— The A, my and Navy Gazette says :— If tho Army Transport hirses fetch such good prices at the Barbican ? ales as they did at Reading, Sir IL Stirks will rejoice, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer will be g'ad ex- ceedingly. And no wonder. Tho War Ofllcc was prepared for a loss of one- third, or ol £ 30,000 on the cost price of the horses for the Manoeuvres, which are said to have been purchased for £ 00,000: but at Reading the prices were wi'. bin a fow pounds of the sums originally paid for many of tho ruilmnla, and it is ( aid they were better, rather than worae, for their share In the work of the Autumn campaign. ELEMENTARY EDUCATION.— So intellect is only phosphorus on the brain, after all! ( remarks the Graphic). At least thus reasons a Paris medico in forty quarto pages of a report to the Academy of Science?. According to him, you have only to inlro- duce phosphorus into the skull of an idiot and you at once transform him into a man of genius. We aro not told, however, how the phosphorus is to be introduced.' The theory is founded upon observations on tho battle- field, where at night the writer has remarked phospho- rescent vapours issue from the mouths and noses of the kilted. If we might be allowed to make a suggestion, we should think that the needed phoaphoni3 might thus be inhaled. In this manner talent would never be lost to the world, and a man might bequeath his " mental faoultiea " as he now does his money- bags or broad acres. No TIME FOR SWAFTING.— An Indiana man was travelling down the Ohio on a steamer with a mare and two- year- old colt, when by a eudden careen of the boat all three were tilted into the water. The Hoosier, as he rose, puffing and blowing, above water, ciught hold of the tail of the colt, not having a doubt that the natural instinct of the animal would carry him safe ashore. Th9 old mare made for tho shore, but the frightened colt swam lustily down the current with its owner still hanging fast. " Let go of the colt and hang on to tho mare ! " shouted come of his friends. " Booh !" exclaimed the Hoosier, spouting tho water from his mouth, and shaking his head like a Newfound- land dog; " it's mighty fine, telling me to_ let go the colt; but, to a man who can't swim, this ain't exactly the time for swapping horses." TURNING THE TABLES.— From information received from Homburg, it appears tba!; a M. Buje/ a, a wealthy Maltese, has been winning such enormous suns at the tables, that M. Blano could not stand tin run upon the banlr, and was obliged to limit M. Bujega's stakes. Wo aro not sorry to " find that ll, ugt et Noir have at length proved tco strong for M. JJlanc, though we do not compliment the Managers of the gambliog- table on their courage or fair playiu knocking under directly they find a customer who is not a pigeon. M. Bujega has tho credit of winning by cal- culation fairly; if we thought otlierwko, we should have styled him the Maltese Cross. Most people who gamble, draw blanks and loso their stakes, and it is re- freshing to find tho tables turned ; and we congratulate tho lucky Maltese— much as we hate gamb i on drawing a Blanc every evening and filling hio p ckets. — Punch. Too FAITHFUL.— Two members of a danger- ous gang of burglars were brought up at the Mixed Court the other day ( fays the Shanghai Jiwhjcl) They were respectively a man well known to tho police, deco- rated with scores of previous convictions, anel a dog; and the charge against them was thatof loitering about the Settlement at unseasonable hours with ftlonious intent. The man was observed about three o'clock in the morniDg skulking about in an out- of- tlie way part of the Settlement, attended by three dogs. After watching the four for soma time, the cdnstablo advanced and seized the human member of the baud. Two of the dogs made off as fast as eight legs could carry them, but tho third followed the bipeds to the police station. Here the Chinaman was carefully searched, but no- thing of a criminating character was found upon him. But the dog, in his anxiety to see all that was going on, came out from under the friendly shadow of a chair, where ho had hitherto rested, into tho full glitter of the gas. The sharp eye of the officer on duty then observed something about bis neck, which on examination turned out to be a picket con- taining a flint and steel with some tinder paper— well- known appurtenances of the cracksman's ci aft. Tho constable then remembered having nolicod that thera was something tied round the necks of thu other duga also, and it was naturally presumed that they were equipped with similar profeEdioiial implemciits. Bui they seem to have been better upiu the stage move- ments of their profession than the greHiIhotn that voluntarily ran both his own head and that of hij chief into a trap. The latter, hower, seined t. i havo an aptnesB to learn, for, as soon ai he was relieved of his implements and he saw his master biing conveyed to tho cell, he gavo them leg bail wi h all speed. Ho thus escaped tho cangue— a most uncomfovlab! od<> r; col- lar— to a month of which hia muster w.. 6 ooudvmned next day. SklTBDAY, OCT. 12, 1872. CANON KINGSLEY ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION. At the re- opening of the Birmingham and Midland Institute on Monday evening, the inaugural addresB was delivered by the Rev. Canon Kingsley. After some general advice to the students, Canon Kingsley said :— There Is a subject on which I must beg leave to speak somewhat at length one very near to my heart aud very heavy on my heart, both as a Christian, and, I trust, a patriot. I hope that my fcara are exaggerated. I should thank God to find my sell mistaken. But 1 must say here as elsewhere— In season or out of season— I want the Bcieuce ol health taught more widely, more systematically, than I find it tau? lit anywhero. We talk of our hardy fore- fathers, and rightly, but they were hardy just as are savages generally hardy, because none but the hardy lived. The population of tills island increased slowly, if at all, for centuries. Those terrible laws of natural selection, which lssuo in the suivlval of the fittest, cleared olf the less fit In every generation, principally by infantllo diseases, often by wholesale pestilence, and left, on the whole, those of the strongest constitution to continue a sturdy, valiant, enter- prising raco. Then came a sudden change. The rapid increase of population during the first half of this century began at a moment when the Eng- lish stock was specially exhausted at the end of the twenty- five years' French war. At the beginning of that war— and, indeed, ever since the war with 8patu in 1739— a war popularly snubbed as the ono about Jonklns's ear, but which was, I hold, one of the most just and the most world- important— as it was certainly one of the most popular wars In which this courtry ever engaged— the English people. from the Gentleman who led to the common ODD FISH. soldier or sailor who followed him, were, I believe, ono of the mightiest and most capable races which the world has ever seen, comparable best to tho old EomaD at his mighti- est and most capablo period. They creatcd the British Empire; they won for us our colocles, our commerce, the mastery ol the sea3 of all the world, but how! " Tholr bones are scattered far and wide,' By mount, by stream, by sea." Year after year, till the final triumph of Waterloo, battle, disease, fatigao had- been carrying oil our stoutest, ablest, healthiest young men, each of whom, alas! represented a maiden left at home, unmarried or married, most probably to a worse man. The strongest went to the war, and each who fell left a man weaker that himself to continue the race. Tho mlddlo classes, being most engaged in peaceful pursuits, suffered less of this decimation of their finest and youngest men, and to that fact I attribute much of their increasing pre- ponderance^ electoral, social, and political agenciesuntn this day. But now, I say it very deliberately and earnestly, it is their turn to beware indeed of all classes, and for this reason : here is, as you may see, the most hideous of all physical curses which man can inflict on himself, for this simple reason, that It reverses the very laws of nature, and la more cruel even than pestilence. Instead of issuing in the survival of the fittest It issues in the survival of the less fit, and there- fore, if protracted, must deteriorate generations yet unborn; and yet a peace, prosperous, civilised, human, such as we, thaDk God, enjoy now is fraught with the very same danger. In the first place, tens of thousands— who knows it not?— lead sedentary lives, stooping, asphyxiated, employing as small a fraction of their bodies as their minds; and that such a life must tell upon their offspring— may be for genera- tions to come— what medical man does not know full well; and all this in dwellings, workshops, mines, and what not?— the very atmosphere of which tends to unheal th and not to health— to drunkenness as a solaco under tho feeling of un- health and depressing iiflaences. But now— and this lsone of the most fearful problems with which modern civilisation has to deal— we interfere with natural selection from conscientious care of life, just as much as war itself does. War kills the most fit to live. We spend vast energies In saving alive thoso who, looking at them from a merely physical point of view, are most lit to die. Everything which tends to make it more e33y to live— every sanitary reform, prevention of pestilence, medical discovery, amelioration of climate, drainage of soil, Im- provement of dwelling- houses, workhouses, prisons, every reformatory school, every hospital, every cure of drunken- ness— every influence, in short, which has, so I am told. Increased the average length of life in these Islands since the first establishment of life insurance offices lbO years ago by nearly one- third— every inllnence of this kind, I say saves persons' lives who would other- wise have died ; and tho great majority of the so persons, even in surgical eases and cases of zymotic disease, will be those of the least resisting power— tho weaklier thus pre- served, to produce in their turn a weaklier progeny. Do I say that we ought not to save them if we can ? God forbid ! The weakling, the diseased, whether infant or adult Is thero on earth, a British citizen, and no more responsible for its weakllness than for its existence : socletv— that Is. in nlaln A number of distinguished visitors to' vho English coasts were last week received by Mr. Frank Buckland, who duly acknowledges their arrival in the columns ol Land and Water. A dorse, or Baltic cod ( Morrhu ballarias), waa forwarded from the Cambridge markets This i3 a rare British fish, but has been taken on the coast of Cornwall. It is common about Greenland, the north coast of America, and the Frozen Ocean, and is also known on the coasts of Norway and Sweden. A very fine specimen of the Sun fish ( Ortharjoriscus mold), weighing 9601b., waa forwarded from Southend. " I expect," says Mr. Buckland, " these monster Sun fish live among the dense forest of sea- weed » which grow in such luxuriance in tropical seas, but wa have no definite information on thi3 subject, nor do we know where or how they breed ; they are genorally found floating in a helpless state, drifting with tha current on top of the water." A number of large Sua fish have been seen off the Irish coast this year; this specimen has been purchased by the British Museum for stuffing. Both Ramsgate and Margate have Bent contributions ; from the former place has been received an Eagle Bay, and from the latter a Sting Bay. " This new arrival" ( the Sting Kay), writes Mr. Buckland, " would run well in harness with his first cousin, the Eagle Ray, and a3 they lie on the table befora me they make as pretty a pair of fish as ever I beheld ; this Sting Kay is also a young fish. In bis tail he also carried two spines, but in his case much longer ones than the Eagle Ray, the largest being four inches and a half, and the under one, the smallest, being two inches long. The mouth and nostrils loolc like a crying child with large eyes and gaping nostrils. The teeth organs are very different from the Eagla Rays. Instead of consisting of a pavement of teeth, the jaws are armed with rows of minute teeth, so fine that they can hardly be perceived by the finger. It seems very curious that we should have two fish so very much alike externally, and probably also in habit- ant! bearing teeth of euch very different construction." Beside3 those captured along the English coast, two important foreign arrivals are also announced— via., the skin of a La Sunger fish and an electric eel from the Upper Amazon. The latter unfortunately died . within two days of Liverpool, of the excitement caused by administering an electric shock to a gentle- man who put his hand into the tub. Casts of each of the above are either at present in, or will shortly ba added to, Mr. Buckland's Museum of Economic Fish Culture, South Kensington, which at present is sup- plied with representations of nearly every rare or re- markable fish ( sea and fresh water) captured during the last seven years in the three kingdoms. English, you and I and our ancestors— are responsible for those ; and we must fulfil our duty, and keep them hi life, and, if we can, heal, strengthen, develop to ttie utmost, and make the best of that which " Fate and our own deserving" have given us to deal with. I do not speak to- night of higher motives still— motives which ts every minister of relieion must bo paramount and awful— I speak merely of physical and social motives such as appeal to the' conscience of every man— the instinct which bids everv hum m- liearted man or woman save life, alleviate pain, give pleasures for all alike, like Him who causes his sun to shine on the evil and on thesood. andhis r^ iu to fail on the just and on the unji) st., I$ ut It ' s- palpabla that in so doing we must year by year prt sdrvo a large per- centige of weakly per- sons who, m rrying freely in their own CIJSJ, must produce weakly children, aud they weaklier children stllL Alus', did I lay? There are those who are of opinion— and I, after watching and comparing tho histories of many families, indeed, of every one with which I have come in contact for now flvo and- thirty years in town and oountry, can only fear that their opinion is but too well founded on fact— that in the majority of cases, in all classes what- soever, the children aro i. ot equal to their parents, or they again to their grandp-. rents of the beginning of the A CONTRAST RATHER THAN A PARALLEL. It is not at all surprising— indeed, it is very natural — that the German journals should at present be draw- ing attention to the case of the Nuremberg bookseller Palm, shot by orderof Napoleon in_ 1806 atBraunau, in Bavaria, for the purpose of pointing to the contrast between his sad fate and the lenity shown to M. About ( remarks the Pail Mall Oazette). Tho astonishing matter is that any one should make a parallel atall be- tween the events, for it is as absurd for a German writer to pretend that the offences charged were tha same as it would be for a Frenchman to assert that the results to those incriminated were similar. Palm was brutally treated, there is no doubt: dragged from his home to appear before acourt- martial of foreigners who condemned him, almost unheard, of an offence which there was no real proof he had committed,- the whole proceeding being dictated by Napoleon himself as an act of terrorism he held needful to the preservation of his sway over middle Germany. But the offence it- self, supposing it had be; n proved, was by no meana the writing fugitive articles against the French in the journals of a distant capital, but the publishing of " libellous writings"— i. e. patriotic pamphlets directed against Napoleon's regime—" in a place actually occu- pied by French troops." The words quoted appear in Napoleon's letter, and form the pith of his urgent order to deal with the offending bookseller. Had M. About gone down to Alsace to sell a reprint of hia half- forgotten papers, the cases would have opened with some degree of parallelism. CUTTINGS FROM AMERICAN PAPERS. surely and rapidly in our large towns, and in propor- tion to the antiquity of these towns— this and cognate truths havo been feltrmora and more deeply, ai the years have rolled on, by students of human society. English Bociety and English human nature are what they have be- come by the indirect ii fluouce3 of long ages, and we can no more reconstruct the one than we can change the other. Wo must teach men, therefore, not b t rely that they ought to be free, but that they are free, whether they know It or not, for good and for evil; and we must do that in this case by teaching them sound practical science— the science of physiology as applied to health. It is still a question whether science has fully discovered those laws of hereditary health, the disregard of which causcs so many marriages disastrous to generations yet unborn. But much valuable light hss been thrown on this most serious and most important subject during the last few years. Nay, our light, and I thank God for it, is raorq widely and deeply diffused month by month as to the valuo of hedlthy habitations, of personal cleanllncsi, of pure air, pure water, of various kinds of food, as each tend3 to make bone, fat, or muscle, provided only that tho food be unadulterated ; the value of various kli- di of clotlilng, of physical exercise, and of a frco and equal development ol the brain powers, without undue overstrain in any one direction, " We don't want our children to be stripped giants and bravos, but clean, able, highly educated, intellect is what we want, and Intellect makes money. Intellect rules the world. I would rather see my son a genius than an athlete." Ladies and gentlemen, and so would I; but what if, for want of learning the laws of Dature you got neither genius nor athlete, hut only an incapable, unhappy personage? Without healthy bodies you will not, in the long run, havo healthy intellects. Of moral I ray nothing. They aro quite Independent, as far as my reading aud observation go, of cither healthiness or unhealthlness ; and I thank God sincerely that such is the case, and that, in virtue and piety, He so often chooses the weak things of this world to confound tho stioog; but brain, which cannot be trusted to do good work. I would make men and women discontented with that divine and whole} tome discontent at their own physical frame and at that of their children. I would accustom their eyes to those pre- cious heirlooms of tbo human raco, the statues of the old Greek— to tholr tender grandeur, their chaste healthful- ness, their unconscious, because pcr.' ect might, and say, " There: there are tokens to you and to all generations yet nnborn of what man could be once, of what he can bo again. If ne would obey those laws of nature- which are tho voice of God." I would make them discontented with the ugli- ness and closeness of their dwellings; I would make the man discontented with the fashion of his garments— and still more, now the women of all ranks, with that fashion of theirs, and with everything around them, which they have tho power of improving if It be at all ungraceful, superfluous, tawdiyj ridiculous, unwhole- some— I wonld mako them di: contented with what they call tholr education, and say to them you call the three Royal R's education. They aro not education; no more Is the knowledgo which would enable you to take the highest prizes in this Institute. They nre not edu cation. They are mly instruction— a necessary ground- woik In an ago liko this for making practical uso of your education, but not tho education itself. As Mr Gladstone says in a pass ago which I must havo the honour of quoting at lcugth, " As regarded all other functions of our nature outside tho domain of tho life to godward, all thoso functions which are summed up lu what St Paul calls the flech end the mind, the physical and bodily life, the tendency of tho rystem was to exalt the human element by proposing a model of beauty, strength, aud wisdom, in all their combinations, so elevated, that the effort to retain them required a continual upward strain. It made divinity attainable, and thus it effec- tually directed the thoupht nrul aim < t man ' along the line of limitless rtcslres.'" Suolj a sclitmo of religion, though failing grossly in the government of the pa3- Bic- ns, and in upholding the standard of moral beauties, tended powerfully to produce a lofty eolf respect and a large, free, and varied conception of humanity. It incor- porated itself In schemes of noble d'scipliue for mind and body. Indeed, if a life- long education mid thesft habits of mind and action had their marked results ( to omit many other greatnesses in a philosophy, literature, and art which remain to this day unrivalled or unsurpused) upon thoso old Greeks, and induced them to do ' what they did for their own education wl hou'. sclenco ai d without Christianity, we who have both, what might wc doit we will be truo to our advan- tages an! to ourselves? " I'm not in mourning," said ayoung lady frankly to a lady querist, " but as the widows are getting all tho offers now- a- days, we poor girls have to resort to artifice." A farmer in Southern Illinois, seeing the cannon at Cairo, remarked that " Them brass missionaries had con- verted aheap of folks." An article announcing the decease of a person, says— " His remains wero committed to that bourn whence no traveller returns attended by his friends." A one- armed man in Salem, Mass., lately applied for a divorce, on tho ground that the hand he had given his wife In marriage was lost, and the contract was therefore void. | The heirs of Robinson Crusoe have instituted a Buit to recover the island of Juan Fernandez, founding their , claim upon the ground that he was " monarch of all he sur- 1 veyed." I A Tennessee paper gives an account of the discovery of a cavo In Ferry County In that State, festooned with " rock ice," which can be used for all tho purposes of Ice, ! but does not melt. i " Sir," said a Yankee to a member of congress, " you I promised to vote for my bilL" " yell," said the memner, ! " vat If I did?" " Well, sir, you voted agaimt it." " Yell. ; vat if I did?" " Well, sir, you lied I" " Veil, r at if I did}' They have a curious inscription on a flag floating i from the top of the " tabernacle " at a Massachusetts camp- ' meeting, where they also quote the price of lots, somewhat as follows :—" Tho earth Is the Lord's, at 250 dollars a lot, ] forty by tiity feet." | The Kentuckians are held to be strong men. Thera I was one whose amazing strength was attended with fatal con- ! sequences. He waB cutting a slice of bread- and butter, when ! the knife slipped, and he cut himself in half, and two men behind him. I A traveller in Alabama, finding his supper to con- sists of fried beef, fried batter cakes, and hot coffee, th- nka 1 an appropriate epitaph upon the grave of overy other man I who dies in that oountry would be, " Killed by a frying- pan.' " At the close of a violent thunderstorm," writes a ' Milwaukee reporter, " a suit of clothes wero found at the foot of an oaV- trce In tho suburbs, from which the recent occupant seemed to have been porcussively eliminated by a flash ot lightning." It is refreshing to come across such a gem as the fol- lowing:— " Tho first bird of spring attempted to sing. But ere he had sounded a note, He fell from the limb— a dead bird was him— The music had frize in his throat." A young New York dentist was introduced to a fashionable beauty, and gracefully opened the conversation by saying, " Miss Wilson, I hope that I may consider that we are not entirely unacquainted. I had the pleasure of pulling out a tooth for your father a short tlmo ago." A man thus related his experience in a financial way on the occasion of the failure of a local bank :—" As soon as I heard of it my heart jumped right up into my mouth. ' Now,' thinks I, « ' sposing I've got any bills on that bank t I'm gone if I hev— that's a fact 1' Sol put on my coat and ' put' for home just as fast as my legs would carry mo ; fact Is I ran all the way : and when I got there I looked keerful, and found that I hadn't any bills on that bank— nor any other ! Then I felt easier." A traveller in Florida writes:—" This Is the land where towns consist of ono house, where steamboats make eight miles an hour, where railroads carry you four miles an hour ( on my honour, they are four hours going sixteen mile » , from Tocol to St. Augustine), where the happy maxim rules, ' never do to- day what can be put off till to- morrow,' where tho mall comes semi- occaslonally, whero the newspaper Is almost as rare as a snowstorm, and where telegrams are unknown. A Brooklyn contractor, ' claims to be an ' artist in marble." It is related of him that he once carved a sleeping lion in atone and took it to the Queen's county fair for a premium. - The day for distributing the honours arrived, and Mao waa promptly on hand. Frlzo after prize waa awarded, and finally " Statuary " was reached. The artist's eyes lit up with the glow of expectation as he lajned anxiously forward to hear his name pronounced with thoso words " First premium for a beautiful Bleeping, bull pup In marble.'' BBANES BY JOSH BILLINGS.— How enny boddy A Mi-- r??> Fpi ei-. tr. r blasts that hi' State baa a DJKJ V- irdei. L-.- JJa'. . tfjUlo. r, .. nd widte. knows that the branes do the thinking, or are the Intcrpre, ters ov thought, iz more than I kan tell; and for what I kno, this theory may be one ov those remarkable dlscovereya ov man which alnt so. These subjeks are too mutch for a man ov ml learning tew lift. His critic say » , " Try your capacity. Josh, at a quarter of an ounce weight, or begin first with half the quantity." " WE'RE TWO GALS AND A MABE."— By way of a " hint for women voters," a story about two American young ladles is given, called " the Sucker girls," whatever that may mean. Driving In a buggy, on a plank road, they were stopped by a turnpike man and asked for tho tolL " How much Is it?" demanded one of the Misses Sucker. " For a man and a horse," replied the gatekeeper, " thecharge! « fifty cer. ts." " Wei, then," retorted the undaunW'i Sucker, " gU o. it of f3xe way, for - 7e" re two gala ant? s M* r&. Uit^ cp. Jenny." And a « & y they went, learti'g the tax w- JCtor la mate aslc- iitluaeni L ARCHBISHOP TAIT 0n the NATIONAL CHURCH. £ he Archbishop of Canterbury concluded hia visita- tion of the cler£ y and churchwardens of the rural deaneries in his district at the cathedral on Friday, and in his charge to those assembled said- Yesterday I endeavoured to bring before those who were prejfnt B » me thonghts upon the a< lrr it. Is'. ration of oureccle- Mistical laws in tho Church of KneUnd, and the conclusion to which I de- Ired to direct tho minds of the clergy " a^ Jhls — that no Individual scruples or no dissatisfaction ™ t| rthe law could jurtify any one in actinz In such a snirit without the authority ol the Church and State, to speak without any doubt as to what are the duties of clergymen of the Esta- blished Church of England. We saw wtcnwe WCTC examin- ing t hia matter that tho law has laid down with infallible nrccLian whit Is unlawful in the Church of England, having now several times adjudicated up n it, i- nd In recent cases which have occupied much attention. Yet stiU there is a wide field for difference,. which in the m'dst of essen- tial unity have always characterised this Church; but that there are limits beyond which tho law has explicitly stated no one should go. I stated then what I gladly and honestly repeat now— that I believe tho clergymen of the Church of England are qui to ready to assent to the law of the Church and State, and If there be one or two persons who claim for themselves a liberty which the Church does not allow, I cannot but trust that their good sense and sober considera- tion of tho matter will ultimately bring them to a better mind, and I feel conQdcnt of thU— that tho public opinion of the Church Is against all self- willed innovations which indi- viduals take upon themselves to mako against tho declared authority of the Church; and if any complaint be addressed by any person entitled to complain of the conduct of any clergyman he should examine carefully into the subject, to ascertain whether thore has been any violation of the law, or reason in the first place with those who have been misled Into such violation, and In the last resort, if he Or. ds it im- possible to compass the ends of tho case, it is his duty to exercise tho authority which devolves upon him as the chief magistrate of tho Church. You are not, I am sure, sup- posing that I am for a moment forgetting how dangerous it would be to exercise men's minds with a narrow criticism of everything which takes place in the Church of our diocese, and how unwise it would be to inlnso suspicions in the nnuds of the laity, aB 11 they were to watch every gesture of the clergy man In tho discharge of his sacred duties. I trust wo are none ol us forgetful of tho fact that things may change and perhaps for thobetter, even though When wc, the first witnesses of the changes, being unaccustomed to them in the first Instance, look upon them with a distasteful eye. Now, it Is impossible for any one at my time of life to look back upon tho state of the parish churches some 30 years ago without remembering that the walls of the churches were damp with moss, without remembeilng the careless way In which the communion- table was treated, tho bad psalmody, ar d tho lntl iffcrent Instrumental music which used to be heard In many of our parish churches, the very few who in many churches rallied round the Lord's table, as compared with the hearty bands of worshippers who assemble together there now, and it is impossible not to notice the general Improvement which has taken place in the whole of the externals of our worship, which has been brought about, I must say, simply through the instrumentality of one section of the clergy. I say it is Impossible for any one to look back upon tho past nnd not allow that changes may take placo which, though unpalatable at first, in tho course of years are considered good and conducive to God's glory. It Is clear, however, there must be somo limit, and If there be a ten- dency shown anywhere, as there Is in some quarters, to push matters to tho extreme, to introduce practices not sanctioned by the law of our church— If there is any hankering after a foreign and less puro religion than our own- then it is only natural that the laity should consider themselves aggrieved by the Introduction of such practices, and it Is for the heads of our Church to consider carefully whether such practices will destroy the purity of our reformed system of worship. Now, haviDg said this much with regard to tho decisions of court of law In matters conneoted with external ceremonial, nnd having reminded you that the limits within which the clergyman i3 confined and having, I trust with sufficient clearness, explained to the churchwardens that as officers o » the bishop's diocese their business is, if any practice is in- troduced beyond that which they conceive the law allows, to communicate with the bishop or the archdeacon, having talked over tho matter in a friendly way with the clergyman. Having stated cllthlB with regard to mere ceremonial, I now como to another point connected with our ecclesiastical law which requires somewhat careful consideration. You are all aware that a very distinct decision was made last year as tc the practices which are to bo allowed In the ceremonies of Church service, and many practices which were Gradually creeping in in a few parishes were thereby propounded to be Illegal. Another case since that time has arisen which has to do not only with tho outward ceremonial of religion, but with the doctrine which a clergyman is allowed w preach from the pulpit. Now, before I enter upon this particular case, let me say a few words as to the general views which those who administer the laws of tho Church in such matters seem to have laid • down during tho last 20 or 25 years guided by their decision. ; " Wo oil know, as we said yesterday, that the blessing of the Church of England Is intended to be nationaL Wo know 1 that we are not In any senso intended to be a sect When 1 Popery disappeared her adversaries had a very difficult ta< k j in constructing a system of religion which should embrace I tho whole of the country; and seeing that even now thsre are differences of opinion, how much more difficult must it have been then when traditions of centuries past were so much opposed, and so distinctly at variance with the new light that was breathed in the world at the dawn of the Re- formation. Can it, then, be wondered at that those who had the task of administering these ceremonies were con- 1 strained to make tho limits of the Church as wide ss possible, in order that they should not entirely exclude many good men who lived at that time, and who had a distinct knowledge of tho system which they were about to present to the world, in preference to others, which had for so long a period darkened our horizon. Yot they wero very anxious— and justly BO— not to mognify as to matters of primary Importance, anything on which It was reasonable to suppose that freedom of opinion should be allowed. Somo persons scoff at the Church of Eogland Prayer- book, and point at its Articles as if it were a mark of somo failure to allow this diversity of opinion; but for my part I consider it to form a part of our glory that the Church which la presented to us Is a Catholic Church Our reformers having adopted this system, what has been the result upon the Church of England. I rejoice to think that tho Church of which we are members is wide enough for such men as Simeon and Wllberforce, and that those who in those days had been for a time banished never thought of leaving the Church, but found within Its formularies ample scope for the preaching of that Gospel in its purity, and iu that form which their hearts allowed. Looking still further back, and I think we have no reason to regret that the Church of England was able to lead tho van In the struggle against Deism, and to the time of Arch- bishop PaJcy, who was not prevented— even a man of his turn of mind— from occupying a position In the Church of England; and looking back still farther, I may supposo there is not one of us who would have desired George Herbert to have been cast out of the Church, with a distinct conviction that our formularies amidst all tho fluctuating opinions of the history of the country for tho last 300 years were, as they wore delivered to us, the stronghold of a great majority of tho nation. What IB the duty of thoso who are called to administer the laws of the Church of England in points of doctrine ? I sup- pose most of us here present remember what is called the " Gorham case." I am not going to trouble you by entering into the questions which were then raised before the highest court of appeal: but I am just going to remind the juntor3 amongst you of the trembling anxiety with which the doclsion of the judges was In this caso awaited— how anxious were many that the judgment wonld not in any way conduco to restrain the liberty of the great Evangelical party, or declare that their commonmocle of interpretlngthofoimularies, especially with regard to the baptismal service, was not freoly admissible. If we are old enough, we remember with what anxiety the judgmentwssawaited— with whatrelief it wasrecelved. This time had passed away, when another case came before the same tribunal, though of a very different character. The question now raised had no longer anything to do with the Sacrament of Baptism, but a deal of anxloty was felt by many lest they should be pronounced in that case, however little sympathy men might have with the persons who were brought before tho court, and have gone beyond the limits which It was considered the Church maintained. This decision again con- firme.! this impression, andl do not know that ono single evil has resulted therefrom. Thedcclsion which has recently been the cause of so much alarm In the church gives an illustration of the characteristic to which I havo alluded. It is not for tho judges to decide what is the doctrine of the Church of England— that doctrine which is clearly laid down In our formularies— but their duty, when a man is brought before thtm in an appeal case, is to flud whether he has so flagrantly transgressed tho law as to merit condign punishment; that is. In fact, whether he has committed any act of immorality. A man might have gone very far towards doing this, but the point Is whether he has gone beyond that extent up to which a charitable interpretation might be placed upon his conduct, and so can the court glvo him the benellt of the doubt, and, without swerving from tho laws in the least, allow him to Sunscathed. This has in all cases been the decision which i been brought to bear. Therefore I cannot Imagine how any one can maintain that, because a certain theologian has been acquitted, thereforo in any degree the laws of the Church have been altered. I think that tho mistake under such circumstance does not give anyground for our believing that doctrinal practice brought into use had been declared to be in any sense of the Church of England. I am not going to maintain that there ought to be room ; for every man in the Church of England for whom thero 1 Is room in Heaven. Of course there are points not of primary Importance in which It is Impossible that men will not differ, and yet can be united In the samo out- ward community. We all know the history of the discis- sions of former ages— to say nothing of our own— by which it Is granted that it is totally Impossible to have in the same Church persons who cannot do with Bishops and who can do with Bishops, If one man holds Presbyterian views to bo tho Divine authority and another objects that the Bishops should exist, of course there must be separa- tion. If one man holds that children cnght to bo bap- tized, and another thought they ought not, it is a very difficult matter Indeed to suppose that they can be united in the same community. But still, as far as possible, it does teem to me that the Ideal of our Church U this— that men who agive In the grandcsrence of Chr! stiinity, who reverence the Lntd Jtim ChrStt, who look to t!. e purifjtog blood as the atonement of t'ref: rtns, who ccnfcts tbin^ ives without 1 tope of i.'. lTiti "> t wiituTit Eu iestt ri pzr Rhoptfcf to the written word of God as the test by which all the doc- trines are to be observed— such men should, as far as possible, be united in one community, and I trust that as men become earnest In the great duties of their calling they will more and more realise such truths. I believe that the lay brethren as well as the clergy are labour- ing hard for the good of His people, and that the clergy will show that In their self- denying lives they aro animated by the Spirit of the Holy Ghost, that they will not be very captious in watching the peculiar opinions or the peculiar mode of worship which they i y suppose to Influence their own minds and the minds ol inos9 whom Christ has com- mitted to their care. My friends, life U passing rapidly ; we are all to stand before the Judgment Seat of Christ, and tho question which at that tribunal will be settled for us will have little to do with the differences which separate Christians on earth, but will have to do with those . gTeat Gosple truths through which wo hope to enter into our Lord's presence. A NEW HOUSE- GAS. In London, on Thursday afternoon in last week, o large number^ of gentlemen connected with various branches of science, industry, and commerce assembled by invitation in a room of the new building in Change- alley, Cornhill, to inspect a discovery which bids fair to produce a wholesome change in every household. The object submitted to inspection was a new gas of high illuminating power, claimed to be produced at so small a cost, with so little difficulty ana danger, and at the same time so rapidly, that— if further experience does not prove it to possess some highly dangerous or injurious quality— it must drive the common coal gas off the field as completely as coal gas has expelled oil ( says the Daily News, from which we aro quoting). On ono side of the room there had been erected a row of ordinary gaslamps, fitted with the argand nnd batswing burners. In the centre of the room a six- foot candelabra supported an argand burner of ten times the ordinary size. In a corner there had also been fixed bellowB, resembling those of a church organ, which were being slowly moved by an attendant. By the side of these bellows there were two square metal boxes, measuring between a foot and a foot and a- half each way, and connected by pipes with the bellcws on one side, and with the burners on the other. This simple apparatus was all the patentees of the new gas had to show, and with it they supplied the forty jets in the room with a brilliant light, and undertake to supply the same with very little additional trouble for illuminating half the City of London. In another corner of the room the process was still more clearly shown. On a small table stood a miniature gaso- meter, capable of containing one cubic foot of gas. In shape it resembled those huge unsightly cylinders that supply the place of artistic monuments in qjir great city, and its base rested in a second cylinder, filled with water. A pipe connected the interior with a glass vessel, containing gasogen, the liquid from which the gas iB formed; while a second pipe admitted the atmospheric air into this gasogen- holder. " Weights beinc attached to the cylinder caused it to rise elowly, and simultaneously by the vacuum thereby produced the atmospheric air was heard to bubble through the liquid. At the other side an argand burner had been attached, from which the gas thus formed was in- stantly burned with a bright flame, compared with which the coal- gas burner of the same size, placed for comparison immediately beside it, emitted a yellowish and less illuminating light. The gas generated in this simple, planner from gasogen, while giving a brighter light, rise3 with only half the volocity of ordinary gas, and its consumption therefore lasts twice as long. The liquid compound gasogen is procured by means of ordinary distillation from mineral oils, and is mixed with a small portion of dissolved resin, gum, or other dydro- carbons. The facility with which these mineral oils can be distilled, and their practically unlimited abundance, renders the gasogen extremely cheap. It has been calculated that a gallon, which will be sufficient to manufacture more than a thousand cubic feet of gas, can be delivered for less than two shillings, and as this quantity of gas will burn as long as two thousand cubic feet of ordinary coal- gas, the cost will be as one shilling to four and sixpence. To this, no doubt, will have to be added the expenses of fitting and the rent of meter, but these cannot be very considerable, and every consumer will then be indepen- dent, and if he chooses can manufacture his own gas in his own cellar, and defy the strikes of minera and gas- workers. Another, and equally great advantage of the 1 new product is the entire absence of thoae impurities, ] such as sulphuretted hydrogen, hydrosulphatd or sulp- i hide of ammonia, carbonate of ammonia, and carbonic acid, which are offensive constituents m the present coal gas, and render it inadmissable in those apartments where valuable pictures, gilding, and furniture are j readily tainted by their action. The odour of the air gas is not disagreeable, partaking largely of that of I ether, but it is strong enough to indicate an escape. It would be a crowning attribute if the patentees could assure U3 that it is not explosive, but all they can affirm 1 is that it is not more explosive than coal gas, and does not therefore require more care in its management. I It is almost needless to point out what immense benefit this invention will confer, not only on towns, but on outlying districts, lighthouses, and isolated dwellings. Bailways and ships will probably give it a hearty welcome, and there seems to be some anticipa- tion that it may even supersede coal for many purposes of heating. Nor need the gas companies fear that their occupation is gone. A mixture of one- third of air gas, with one- third coal gas and one- third atmospheric air was also burned in the room and produced a light of wonderful brilliancy, while it waa stated that the impurities were reduced to one- third. , At a collation which was afterwards given at the ; Cannon- street Hotel, the Chairman, Sir John Murray, called upon Majo^ General C. Scott to explain the in- I vention. In a brief address the latter gentleman Btated most of the facts given above, acknowledg- ing that he was indebted for his information to the indefatigable industry and scientific attainments of Messrs. Harrison. He also stated that a complete qualitative and quantitative analysis had been made by Mr. Henry Child, who had made gas analysis his special study, and that it had also been subjected to numerous tests by gentlemen thoroughly qualified to determine its properties with regard to illumination, combustion, explosion, and decomposition, and that their reports have proved highly satisfactory. A SERMON FOR THE DAY. Referring to the melancholy circumstance which Is now exciting Eo much sympathy, the Pall Mall Oazette writes :— The death of Mr. Justice Willes, so deplorable in it- self, will carry the sting of anxiety into many a breast. Thousands of hardworked men, as they pore over the symptoms that presaged the catastrophe, will under- stand them only too well, and wonder whether and when it will be their turn to fall into that hopeless state of irritation, sleeplessness, forgetfulness which is capable of killing without the aid of a bullet. No doubt it is not mere work that brings down so many strong men to thiB state, or to the verge of it. But there iB little work without anxiety, and it is anxiety that tells; and also, perhaps, in many cases, the resort to stimulating food and drink which is so natural for men who go through a process of exhaustion every day. True it is, no doubt, that the stronger minds work on without fretfully peering into the future for results— conscious that their work is well done from day to day, and con- tent to leave the consequences to be what they must be. But there are thousands of other minds, by no means weak, to which this mosthappy carelessness is unknown, and which can no more acquire it at will than invent a new sense or an additional limb. Neither preaching, nor example, nor any amount of good resolutions will ever rid such men of the anxious temper that was bora in them; and unless they are very fortunate, and their anxieties are laid to sleep by that Ion" run of luck in small things as well as great which is the lot of some people, they will never learn to bury their dead hopes, to cease from worrying over false moves, or to look those spectres out of countenance which step out of the future so threateningly from time to time with- out any good reason for their existence at all. On the contrary, years, which onght to bring strength in this respect, generally increase the original weakness. Therefore there is little use, we apprehend, in Baying to men of this mould, " Don't be anxious with your work, and then rely upon it your work will never kill you, labour as much and as lonjj as you please." If the advice can be taken, good; inasmuch as if it can be acted on it will act like a charm ; but we are afraid it comes to pretty much Euch counsel as this—" Never cough on any account; and you may hold your- self free from the danger of dying by consumption, even amidst the rigours of an Arctic climate." But what can be done sometimes it to abstain from ex- cessive labour when it is felt to be excessive, end to bring on any distinct irritation or waywardness of mind. Where poverty, or honourable obligation, or the sixes? of ambition, or an overruling passion for w< j: k, jtakes ibia course setm impjciblu, then thfl Dthsr can be iloue— Es^ iy, cos tc nzoit ta stimulating food and drink habitually to keep going. It is not the way to keep going long; nor is it so very difficult to keep a3 well as to make resolutions of temperate living. Between wholesome food and wholesome sleep there Ls a close connection ; and sleep is salvation for overworked brains and anxiotiB minds. The true prescription for nine- tenths of those whom we have imagined a? reading the account of Mr. Justice Willea's death with some anxious moments of self- inquiry ia— properly read— a pint of claret and a cnt from the joint. THE BISHOP OF EXETER ON EDUCATION. The prizes and certificates obtained by the students attending the Bristol evening classes, which were opened four years since, were distributed on Thursday evening in last week, at Colston Hall, Bristol, by the Bishop of Exeter, who in the course of his speech said :— It was quite certain that in all study there was very often a great deal of weariness, and if study had no weariness in it at all, they might be tolerably sure that it was notjso thoroughgoing as it ought to be. ( Uear, hear.) The same thiDgheld good of almost all business and of almost all occupations; and all his experience of life had always come to this— that all work that was really good, that really pro- duced results that was really worth having, must be ranked with what they commonly called drudgery ( applause)— nino- tenths at least was downright grinding work, giving them at the moment very little pleasure, giving them at the mo- ment very little tense of their own advance, very little Bense ot their own success, but being, nevertheless, absolutely neccssary for • ho thorough goodness of what they were doing. Part of tee very nobility of the devotion of a true worn- man to his work, as also of a true Btudent to his study, con- sisted in the fact that a man wa3 not daunted by finding that the drudgery must be borne, and if men wero really to succeed In any walk of lifo whatever they must have a good deal of that which In ordinary English they called pluck ( cheers); and without that neither etudy nor anything else would really succeed. That was the condition of all work, and it was the condition of all suceess ; but let him go on to add something to that, let him assure them that there was nothing which so truly repaid itself as that very perse- verance against weariness in that which they had undertaken. If they would but go on, though they might be weary, though they might feel as if it wero hardly possible that any success would compensate them for the devotion they hid given to their work— and they might take the word of a man who knew it by experience ( applause),— If they would but go on and listen to the teaching ol many who bad found it out in their own lives, they would find that the work would repay ltsolf; and if they would persevere they would find that gradually there would steal into tho heart a real interest In what they were doing. In choosing the study which they had better follow there were two chief guides— one was that a man should always choose something, if he could, which suited his own taste. One's natural inclinations were a very good guide in such a matter. The other great guide was to be found In the circumstanco of their lives. Choose some study which in some way or other would be bound up with their own occupation, some study which in some way or other they would instantly come across in the work they had to do. He would like to say something about the ond they should have In view, whatever subject they might chose. He did not speak then of the highest aims, which, of course, must be supreme over all others, nor did he speak of the reasons why a man should study at all; but, taking It for wanted that they were to study, what were they to aim at In that study? His answer was, reality. ( Hear, hear.) They might depend upon It, if they were true students— nay, he would say if they were true men, if they were worthy the name of real men— they would deBire that their knowledge, such as it is, should be real. They would dislike everything In the nature of a superficial knowledge, anything which had a great deal of show in'it and no substance, and would desire not that everybody should admire them for what they knew, but that their knowledge should be real, and that It should be to them as an abiding gift. ( Hear, hear.) A true student would wish above all things flthat what he knew he should know really. Then came the question, how should he tell whether he knew it or ; not. His ( the BIshop'B) answer waB that all true knowledge was power. Could he use it ?— that was always the test. Could he do the thing the study was intended to teach him to do? ( Hear.) What was wanted was that the student should know the thing so thoroughly that he could handle it Never let them be content with any knowledge until they could really do that which the knowledge teaches them to be able to do. ( Hear, hear.) He had a special reason for speaking about that subject on the present occasion, because he thought that students in general did not sufficiently value the tests to which knowledgo waa brought. He was sure that most students undervalued those tests very much Indeed, ne observed that in their classes, although there was a real evidence that their work was good, yet that there waa also evidence that they did not know how important it was that, for their own studies' Bake, they should secure the reality of which he wes speaking ( Hear, hear.) He noticed that there were 600 in the classes, or thereabouts, and that 200 had pre- sented themselves for examination. What had the other 300 been about ? ( Hear, hear.) It wa3 a very natural mistake for young students to mako to say, " While I am studying, while I am listening to the teacher, I am making real progress. The examination at the end ls only to test my knowledge. It does not give me any new knowledge, for it doe3 not add to the acquisitions I have already made." He matter, and that the examination at the ond of a course wished to tell them that they were entirely mistaken in the was as instructive a thing as anything In the course Itself. ( ipplause.) He could assure them that It was an Instruction in Itself. For one thing, there was nothing which would put the knowledge they had acquired into so distinct, BO precise, so usable a shape, as going in to be examined for it. ( Cheers.) Let them go into the examination, and they would find that In the very act of answering questions they put the whole of their knowledge at once Into order. He was quite certain that with the majority of students an examina- tion lasting a week would really add to the valuo of their knowledge quite as much as the preceding study of six months. ( Applause.) It wa3 really neceBsary if they were to make progress. Unless they were to stop and let a great part of whr. t they had done be thrown away, it was really necessary that at definite stages they should put tho reality of their knowledge to such a test as that Then, and then only, could they estimate themselves and know really what sort ot work they had yet to do, and what knowledge they really wanted If their work was to be good. ( Hear.) It was very often- he said it from experience of both sides — a very mortifying test. Very often it was mortifying to the teacher, after he had taught with a great deal of care to see what exceedingly poor stuff the best of his pupils would produce at the end, and it was very mortifying indeed to the learner to find out, after he had been working very hard, how exceedingly short he fell of the standard which he thought he had attained. ( Hear.) It was a mortifica- tion which came to them In the course of their lives. If he might be allowed to give them any advice which, might be looked upon as, in some slight degree, having In it any- thing of fault finding, he would advise them earnestly that, when they had studied carefully, they should not shrink from the necessary exertlori that was to close tho study. I Then they would have some chance of securing the aim of i which he had been speaking— tho aim of making their work real and thorough. As they got older their judgment of many things necessarily varied. While they were young I thoy esteem a good deal by the show and tho glitter. . But even then they were quite capable If they chose to rise above themselves of estimating by a higher standard. They were I quite capable, even in youth, of saying to themselves with regard to study, " I wiH be true; my studies shall be true, i I will see to the first and last." ( Loud applause, during which hi3 Lordship resumed his Beat.) " MAKE HAY WHILE THE SUN SHINES!" The Toronto Qlole writes :— This country is at| pre3ent'vory prosperous. . . We published on [ Saturday 108 advertisements of vacant situations, and only fifteen of " situations wanted." Of those 108,' thei- e were nine for boys or youths, and guch advertisements are repeated some- times day after day without, apparently, the places being filled. There were twenty- four for domestio servants, and any who will watch how often the eame advertisement in such caseB is repeated will have little doubt of the short Bupply. There were sixty- seven mechanics of various kinds asked for{ besides clerks, teachers, dressmakers and apprentices: An advertisement from a mechanic asking for a situation is scarcely known, while, as a general thing, thoso who intimate that they need employ- ment have something special in their cases which makes them difficult to suit. We might go over tho other classes of advertisements and show very much the same state of things, but it is not necessary. While in other lands men may be anxiously asking for leave to toil, in Canada it is very different; there are here two masters for one man, and all who are able and willing to work may have remunerative occupation of some kind. " Well, for those thus busy if they make hay when the sun shines, and even in the beat of times pre- pare for a rainy day. Bad times will como. and the advertising columns of the Globe will tell a different story— a story of forced sales, of bankrupt assign- ments, and of situations wanted and not to be had ; and the possibility of all this may well suggest to all classes the necessity of prudence and moderation, even when prosperity ia in full flood. The Italic of Bome relates that another precious discovery has been made at the Praitorian camp— namely, n fine head of Juno, almost Intact, and with a remarkable purity of outline. A circular has just been addressed by the operatives to the master millers around London, In order to draw their attention to the great rise in prices which has taken placo in all the necessaries of life, and they submit that their present rate of wages no lorcer suffices to maintain their wives aud families In the position to which they are Justly entitled. T'uey, therefore, respectfully Uy their appeal before the jLnster mill ere : or an aflvsccc oi sixpence per d? y, lo enable them to meet thalr ;^ cr63seU expends. V THE FALMOUTH & PENRYN WEEKLY TIMES. SATURDAY OCT. 12, 1872. WOMEN'S FRIENDSHIPS. ( From the Social Review.) There is scarcely anything in itself so absolutely trivial as the friendship which in a certain class of Bociety one woman forms for another, at the shortest possible notice, an3 as quickly repudiates. Guaged by fervency of outward demonstration, these states or phases of mutual liking are well worthy of the name of friendship, but they fail when tested by a more abiding standard. Satire despises so insignificant a target. The habit ( for it is nothing more) is by most women soon outgrown, and is so entirely barren of re- sults for good or for evil, that in the pauses of the more seriouB events of life it merely excites a passing smile. Those who from a point of in- terest nearer or more remote watch these ebbs and flows of affection do not interfere, recog- nising at once their folly and their harmlessness. It is possible, however, that in tracing back these re- sults to their canse, we may find some more definite Siece of uselessness, which can at least be marked for eatraction. If only this earth were trencher- shaped, as 6ome log- headed man has tried in our time to show, staking money on his opinion, it would then be easy to cart away many nuisances and sheer absurdities of long standing, and tip them over the edge, leaving those who mourned their loss to follow them ; but gravity acts alike on the useful and the useless. The wiser plan is to lay our finger with what precision we can on the unsound tree, and trust to some strong woodman of our own or a future generation to pass that way with his axe. To return to our subject, the ephe- meral nature of what are known as " women's friend- ships." They are seldom unworthily formed; the two women who, for an infinitely small space of their life's path are twinned in thought and tastes, are in general equally matched, and it is rare for the union to be severed by the discovery of baseness on one side. On the other hand, we remember the case of a young man who had received the " finish" of a University educa- tion falling in with an American on the Con- tinent, and, after an acquaintance of exactly four days, bringing him home to stop at his mother's house. They arrived late at night, after the lady of the house had retired to bed; but when in the morning she expected to make the acquaintance of her son's friend it was found that he and the spoons had vanished in the night. Such hastily- cemented friend- ships are, however, rare between men. The charac- teristic features of these orief flashes of friendship, oases in the desert of commonplace, as some young ladies would call them, and the gush and fervour with which they are sustained, and the quiet way in which they die a natural death. " How is Sarah Jones?" j " Oh," says Mis3 Smith, " I haven't heard_ anything j of her for months." " But you used to write to her ; every week " ( very stiffly). Miss Jones and I used to correspond." It would seem that there ia one common root from which spring all the hinderances besetting a wi man's career. This shallowness, like every other characteristic fault, has its root in the false notion of female education which, until lately, has prevailed. By nature impulsive, the girl is taught that the main object of her life is to make neraelf a showy and agree- able companion. She learns her stock of little arts and accomplishments with no idea of benefiting or im- proving herself, but merely to compel the admiration of others. Thus, the honest metal of her heart is over- laid with a coat of gilding, the more dazzling the better. As Bhe grows up she discovers, or she is soon told, that these arts and blandishments must not be brought to bear directly on the opposite sex. Society will not allow any open use of the weapons with which she has armed her maiden warriors. They must not, however, be suffered to rust ; so, by way of practice, as well as to awe the male foe by the sight of their skill, these young ladies set themselves to fight a way into each other's affections. In this battle she wins who is most demonstrative, and so the two become fast friends, amid kisses and pceans of victory. Before long the quick female wit sees exactly how much of thia amiability has been put on. Both sides has been carried away with the belief, half feigned and half real, that too such sympathizing natures had never met before, that here was the genesis of a life- long friendship; in cooler moments, the artificiality of the whole thing _ dawns upon them, and by mutual agreement it is suffered to drop. Such, we think, is the history of many of these friendships; certainly no harm is done by them, but with equal certainty no good. Why should a girl be taught that her happiness is measured by her power of amusing others, and the amount of shallow affection which upon occasion she can make display ? A truer teaching would tell i. er to be sincere in word and deed, to make herself at Lractive indeed to all; but to re- serve her deeper ri gard for those who have some of the steadfastness of purpose and honesty of heart which mark a real friend. She need not be de- ficient in those amenities which make the wheel of life run smoothly; but, having received from Nature the double gift of a fine instinct, and an Impulsive longing for sympathy, she should let the impulse be guided by the instinct, and choose only those of her friends in whom she has discerned under all outward gloss the true metal. _ We have indicated the error which underlies these miscalled friendships. In themselves harmless enough they serve to show the source from which springs others less harmless, It should be no unimportant part of a young girl's educa- tion to give her a distinct notion of her calling and position in life. If she is taught to tread firmly the path of independence, Bhe will BO longer, by her con- fidences lightly placed and lightly removed, cast a elur on that most beautiful and enduring of passions— tha love of woman. \ AN ARABIAN SEAPORT IN WAR TIME ( From All the Fear Round.) " Call this ' ere thing a town ? I'll tell yer what I calls it— an island o' dirt in a hocean o' sand! To think o' sticking up them ' arf- dozen pigsties in the middle o' a big waste like that there ! Why, blest if they don't look as silly as a ha'porth o' treacle in a two- gallon jug 1" Such is the uncompromising verdict of our chief engineer upon the little Arab Beaport off which we anchored after dark last night; and it must be owned that he is not altogether wrong. Perched on the boundary line between the great sea and the ever- las tin g wilderness, this little speck of human life does indeed look mean and pigmy. Look where we will it is the same panorama of unending desola- tion. Behind, the boundless emptiness of the Bail- less sea; above, the bright, cloudless cruel sky; and, far to right, and far to left, and miles upon miles onward in front, the dull brassy yellow of the unchanging desert, melting at last into the quivering haze of intense heat that hovers along the horizon. Over this waste, twelve hundred years ago, Mahomet and his apostles of the sword came rushing like a flight of vultures, flinging themselves blindly upon an enterprise whose issue no man could foresee. Since that day almost all the face of the world has changed beyond recognition ; but this strange old country, which Time himself appears to have foreotten. Is still the same in every feature as when Khaled was thundering at the gates of Damascus, and Amrou watching the lapping flames of the Alexan- drian Library. Were we to see the Prophet and his host come spurring from behind theee long, even sand- ridges, we could hardly feel surprised, but his first glance along the shore would sorely surprise bim. For yonder, behind that low, massive white wall that stands up stark and bare in the blistering sunshine, scores of gaunt, swarthy men in white tunics sit watching Deride their piled muskets— true Moslems every man of them, yet encamped as invaders on the soil which every Moslem holds sacred— with the creed of the Pro- Ehet on their lips day and night, yet dipping their ands in the blood of his descendants. The Yemen insurrection is in full blaze, and this port is the Balaklava of the Turkish armament. In and out, in and out— the long white coils of the coral reefs showing on every side through the clear, still water, as our jolly- boat zigzags among them- till at last we thread our way out of the labyrinth, and run alongside a long, low jetty of planks rudely lashed together. Out we leap, all five of us, like ex- plorers landing in a new world. . . . Here, at last, are some living creatures coming to- ward us along the shore— not the Prophet ana his myrmidons— but a string of Arab camel- drivers, whose dark sinewy limbs and supple grace of move- ment would gladden the eye of a sculptor. Be- hind them come the djemels, with their long noiseless stride, bowing their necks forward, and fixing their large, mild, dreamy brown eyes wistfully upon the cool sparkling water into which they are about to plunge. Further back upon the jetty itself appears little knots of lounging Arabs, some in long white burnouses, some in cotton drawers, and not a few nerfectly nude : but distinguished, one and ' alL bv a teculiarity which onr critical engineer is not Well, by jingo,' he remarked with contemp-. uous surprise, _ Im blest if them there ugly- lookin' red hernns am t got chignonB on every man Jack on ' em!" Such is indeed the case. As if it were not sufficient to stand bareheaded in this merciles glare ( one hundred and thirty seven degrees Fahrenheit), these hobgoblins have actually shaved their heads up to the crown of the scalp, leaving the occiput one great bush three or four inches in diameter, the whole effect being irresistibly suggestive of a Ecalded parrot They give us merely a careless glance as we pass by ; but at the sight of the bey's gorgeous uniform, there flits over their lean, wolfish faces a momentary gleam which speaks volume? We unfurl our huge white umbrellas, which give us the look of laden merchantmen under a press of sail, and plod steadily onward, past huge dry fosses, cracked and parched like a newly- baked brick; past long rows of tents, whence lean, dark, bearded faces stare curiously after us ; past lines of casks and pyramids of flour- sacks, which, landed weeks ago for immediate transmission to the interior, still re- main as a monument of the zeal and fidelity of the resident pasha (" And some poor devils dyin' all the time for want of ' em, belike," remarks our skipper, in- dignantly) ; past couching camels, with their legs wrapped up, and tucked away out of sight, and their long necks outstretched upon the earth in lazy enjoy- ment. At last thecool shadowy gateway of the Turkish fort opens before us, and the white- coated sentries, who are basking in the shade, survey our burning faces with a grin of conscious superiority. At this point our paths diverge, the Turk strolling off to visit a brother officer of the garrison, the engineer Edunging into the town in search of " summut to drink" always the first duty of the true Englishman on foreign soil), and the captain and myself, with our interpreter, to make obeisance to the pasha. The great man, how- ever, like other officials nearer home, is anything but easy to find when wanted. I will not burden my readers with the details of our search for, and dis- covery of nim. . . . Suffice it to say that we go through all the prescribed forms of the Arabian Nights Entertainments, sitting cross- legged upon cushions, sipping real Arabian coffee, without cream or sugar, black as ink, and strong as brandy, served in handleless cups fitted into small silver stands, and administered by a bond fide tall black slave, whom the pasha ( better still!) summons by actually clapping his nandsl At length, after an interview of about half an hour, we depart with our business satisfactorily untransacted ( the usual fate of those who have to deal with a pasha), and file off through the opposite gate, which opens direct into the town. Here we are met by the chief engineer, who announces, in a tone of pardonable excitement, that he has " found a shop, a real live shop, by jingo ! and a man in it, selling liquor." The captain and interpreter lick their lips, and make haate to follow him, while I bring up the rear. And now, for the first time since entering the Suez Canal, we see an Arab town in its true colours. Port Said is a French town with an Arab population. Is- mailia is a European picture in an Eastern frame. Suez, uniting all races, belongs distinctively to none. Djeddah, despite its motly conflux of pilgrims, and the barbaric picturesqueness of its wonderful bazaar, is more Turkish than Arabic, and more Maltese than either. _ But here, at Koomfidah, we see the exact realisation of the ancient Arab camp, the symbol of those tameless guerillas to whom the proudest of earth's cities were but as wayside hostelries, to be each in turn used and forsaken. All around the fort, sown broadcast over the flat sandy plain, lie tiny hovels of wickerwork daubed with mud," and rudely thatched with reeds or palm- leaves, as though a monster picnic had suddenly broken up. leavingbehindseveral hundred empty hampers. Under the shadow of the wall itself runs a line of more pretentious dwellings, stronger, larger, more solid, with projecting thatches, which, nearly meeting overhead, fill the whole avenue with a kind of semi- twilight, through which the black grinning skeletons, in their long white robes, flit like a procession of spectres. A motely throng ! Portly traders in fringed burnouses, and half- stripped camel- drivers, with thick woolly hair; stalwart Turkish soldiers, marchirigj defiantly through the masss of scowling faces; gaunt, wild- eyed dervishes, naked to the . waist, with little copper chains round their - necks, and long white beards flowing over their swarthy chests in a way suggestive of a black doll which has burst ana let out all its stuffing; long files of striding camels, heralded by a scream of " Wa- ah!" ( look out!), and 6eeming, in the midst of these little toy houses, doubly gigantic. On this side a turbaxiea fruit- seller thrusts a pulp of crushed dates ( with the corpses of countless flies adhering to it) en- ticingly towards us in his grimy fingers ; on that a fish- dealer is strewing leaves over his stock, to pro- tect them against the swarming insects that buzz around them. A little further on, a villanous look- ing old grey beard is frizzling some chips of fat meat in a very dirty pan, while a dozen grimy cus- tomers, crouched on their hams around him, eagerly await the promised dainty. And yonder, amid a circle of admiring ragamuffins, appears our Arab pilot ( who has already made ducks and drakes of the first instalment of his hire), in a huge yellow turban, which gives him the look of a pork eausage with a dab of mustard on it. Ploughing our way through this chaos we reach at length the shop discovered by the chief engineer, in front of which a number of tins and small boxes, with the London trade- mark upon them, welcome us like old friends. A huge broad- shouldered man in a Bombay hat, who is standing at the door with a half- empty glass in his hand, turns round as we approach, and he and our engineer burst forth simultaneously : " Hallo, Jack, is this yourself?" " Why, Bill, old boy, what wind's blown you here?" " Just up from Hodeidah, with the Turkish despatch- boat, and naven't we got news for the Constantinople folk, just. Let's have a drain, and then I'll tell you all about it." We seat ourselves in the doorway, while the proprietor ( a _ lithe, keen- eyed Greek, sly- looking enough to sit for the portrait of either Simon or Epialtes) serves out to my comrades a jorum of brandy, and to me a bottle of lemonade. Onr new acquaintance, emptying his tumbler at a draught, clears his throat and begins to tell us that the rebels have been defeated in a great battle by Redif Pasha, that he has driven them back into the interior, and is now preparing to besiege Hey da, their chief stronghold and principal magazine, the capture of which will probably put an end to the war. " But mark ve, they've got some pluck, them rebels— blowed if they hain't. In that ' ere battle I was talkin' on, they corned right up to the muzzles o' the guns three times over, with the round shot a- rippin' through ' em like blazes every time. We've got the ' ead o' the big chief a younger brother on board, sewn up in a bag for to go to Constanti- nople ; and a werry nice present it'll be for Mr. Sul- tan." " Have you brought any prisoners up? " ask L " We hain't; but there s a lot on ' em a- comin' on by land, and I reckon they oughter to be here to- morrer fir tno day arter. When they does come, you'll see juat about the ugliest sight as ever you Bee'd in your I remembered his words three days later, when, in the glory of the tropical sunset, the long line of miserable objects, gaunt with famine, and reel- ing with exhaustion, their tongues lolling out from thirst, their unbandaged wounds grimed with dust and black with sand- flies, came winding down to the shore. + Most of the faces had settled into the blank apathy of despair ; but here and there, in some half- closed eye lurked a gleam of hatred which no suffering could diminish. A sadder or a ghostlier sight no man could look upon ; but I have neither the time nor the inclination to dwell on it here. And BO the talk proceeds, merrily enough. After such a march in such a temperature, this little chat in the shade, over our morning draught, is rather enjoy- able, but it is a very short- lived enjoyment. The apparition of five Feringhees in their own out- landish dress is sufficiently rare in this remote corner of the earth to gather round us a triple ring of curious gazers, bringing with them a col- lection of strange odours that would astound a drain- digger. This, indeed, is only what we are already accustomed to; but even this is not alL The " real live shop " proves to be so in fatal earnest. As I sit in the doorway, a spider about the size of an ordinary saucer suddenly descends from the lintel, Blondin- fashion, by a rope of his own manufacture, and proceeds to hold a private rehearsal of gymnas- tics on the front of my turban. The next moment, a * Similar dwellings are common among the Cossacks ol the Don, and the Kirghiz and Kalmucks ol the Eastern steppes, where I flr. tiaw them. f Many of these men were afterwards forcibly drafted into ,— „„ t beard. black cockroach, an inch and half lo, n « . falls with loud splash into the captain's tuiflU'er » just as he is raising it to his lips, while af the same instant our interpreter comes bumping Out of his corner _ with a cry of dismay, hotly pur- sued by an immense scorpion. I begin to recal m. v old friend Gadabout's description of a Chinese fair, where " allmy senses, sir, were offended at once ; my eyes by ugly faces ; my ears by horrid din ; my nose by a well selected assortment of all the bad smells in the world, and sundry others invented for the occasion ; my taste by messes of dogs, and frogs, and cats, and rats, and bats, made worse in the cooking; and my sense of feeling by twenty- seven distinct species of vermin in hard training." Clearly this will not do. We swallow our liquor hastily, and troop off en masse. But the last sight that we saw that day is one which I have not yet forgotten, and can never forget. As we march across the skirt of desert on our way back to the town, our interpreter suddenly points a little to the left, and says " There are the graves of the Turk- ish soldiers !" We halt and look at them in silence. Here are no stately sculptures or well turned epitaphs — only a few score low mounds of dust, already half effaced by the winds of the desert; yet of all the countless graves which I had Been, there were none that impressed me like these. I had seen, upon the green slopes of Brittany, the crumbling headstones, garlanded with immortelles, beneath which sleep the countrymen of Duguesclin and Georges Cadoudal I had watched the shepherds of Switzerland, beneath the shadow of the everlasting hills, lower into its grave, to the sound of a plaintive Vaudois hymn, the coarse pinewood coffin which held all that the avalanche had spared of their youngest and bravest. In the quaint little churchyards of remote German villages, I had spelled out half- effaced texts of Scripture, or fragments of some grand old Lutheran psalm. I had Btood in Denmark, on the ground where those whom Nelson's cannon slew before Copenhagen, and those who fell by Prussian needle- guns at Dvbbiil, sleep in one common grave, marked with the simple inscription, " Died for the Fatherland," with the sweet spring- flowers blooming above them, and bright- eved children bringing their little cans of water to sprinkle the graves of the fathers and brothers whom they never knew. Beneath the forest shades of ancient Sweden, I had gazed upon the grassy mound that held the duBt of the aged pastor, surmounted by a simple cross carved bv the hand of his son. I had seen, amid the endless plains of Central Russia, the rough- hewn crosses be- neath which lie the men of Krasnoe and Borodina. Far away in the solitudes of the Arctic Ocean, I had lighted upon spray- lashed slabs of rock on the brink of the unresting sea, marking the last resting- places of the sailor patriarchs of Shetland and Faroe. On the sunny hill- sides of the Danube I had seen Ruesian triumphal columns looking down upon the buried Boldiers of Nicholas, in the heart of a region whence the glory of Russia has long since departed. I had wandered through the picturesque graveyards of Constantinople. I had scaled the mighty monuments of human nothing- ness, which, on the verge of the everlasting desert, still preserves the memory of the Pharoahs. But in all the long panorama I had seen nothing more sad or touching than this. Thousands of miles from home, in hostile soil, amid a race which curses and spits at their graves every time it passes them, they lie un- noticed and unknown— nameless heroes, who knew only how to die in their obedience. These were not stirred by passion, Nor yet by wine made bold ; ' Xwas not renown that moved them. Nor did they look for gold. To them their leader's signal Was as the voice of God ; Unswerving, uncomplaining. The way of death they trod. And around the spot where they lie, the snakes rustle through the drifting sand, and the camels go by with their long, noiselesa strides in the glory of the sunset; and the great sea and the lonely desert keep watch over their graves for ever. . . . WILLS AND BEQUESTS. ( From the Illustrated London Hews.) The will of JostS Placido Campian, late of the Rua do General Torres, Villa Nova de Gaio, Oporto, in Portugal, who died on February 27 last, was proved in London, on the 28th ult., by Guilherme Augusto de Sousa, LL. D., the executor substituted in the said will. The personal property in England is sworn under £ 100,000. The testator leaves all his publio funds, Portuguese and foreign, of whatever nature, all shares and interests in banks, companies, and societies, capi- tals and sums represented by securities and bonds, and any other kind of documents, native and foreign, also the sums of money in the hands of bankers, com- panies, and correspondents, to the Holy House of Mercy, of Oporto, subject to their making certain pro- visions for the treatment and care of the sick poor in the Hospital of Santo Antonio, for the Seminary of Destitute Boys, for the Seminary of Destitute Girls, for the Seminary of Orphan Girls, and for the Semi- nary of Abandoned Girls, and also subject to their paying annuities of 300 milreis each to his cousin Fran- cisco de Meirella Pinto, toDelfina( the sister of his said cousin Franciscb), and to JOB6 Teixeira de Meirella, and an annuity of 500 milreis to Adelaide, daughter of Edward Melita de Sousa. The will, dated Nov. 21, 1871, of Sir William Harrison Walker, of Gloucester- terrace, Hyde Park, was proved, on the 23rd ult., by Henry Green and Henry Cadogan Rdthery, Esqs., the executors, the personal property of the deceasea being sworn by them to be under £ 40,000. The testator bequeaths to each of his executors £ 50; to his son, Ingram Bathurst Walker, and to his three daughters, Isabella, Frances Elizabeth, and Margaret Mary, £ 1,000 each, to be paid within six months after his decease. All the legacies are free of duty. The residue of testator's property is given upon trust for his wife, Isabella Thomasine Paxton Walker, for life, and at her death it is to be equally divided between his four children. The testator died on the 13th ult The will of the Right Hon. Lady Mary Rosa, late of 29, Portland- place, widow, was proved, on the 27th ult, by Alexander Henry ROBS, Esq., the son of the deceased, the sole executor, to whom she has left the whole of her property, including the leasehold house, 60, Portland- place. The probate is sworn under £ 8,000. The will is dated March 22, 1860, and the deceased died on the 12 th ult, at Frognall Hall, Hamp- stead. The deceased lady was the fourth daughter of the second and last Marquis Cornwallis. TOASTS. ( From Chambers's Journal) Women have long since ceased to be " toasts," but the sex is still honoured collectively as " The Ladies." Taking a limited view of his subject, a benighted man at a bachelors' Bupper took the liberty of giving " Our Future Wives— distance lends enchantment to the view I " The addenda at least would have been appre- ciated by the old fogy who, having escaped being caught by the " sweet- briers in the garden of life," when asked for a toast, proposed Woman— the morn- ing- star of infancy, the day- star of manhood, the evening- star of old age; bless our stars, and may they always be kept at a telescopic distance !" He would probaDly have made a very wry face at the old Scotch toast— " May we a' be canty and cosy, An' ilk hoe a wife In his bosy although he might not have dared to decline the in- vitation, for in deep- drinking days it was held a great affront to refuse to accent a toast Two young noble- men were staving at Brechin Castle, and Lord Pan- mure invited nis tenant Panlathie to meet them at dinner, telling bim to be sure and bring some money with him. As soon as the cloth was removed, Lord Panmure led off with the first toast : " All hats in the fire, or twenty pounds on the table." Four hats were immediately in the fire. From one of the Englishmen came : " All coats in the fire, or fifty pounds on the table," and four coats went off their owners'backs. The next toast was : " All boots in the fire, or a hundred pounds on the table." Then came Panlathie's turn cry- ing out : " Two fore teeth in the fire, or two hundred pounds on the table," and pulling his teeth out— false ones, of course— he threw them into the fire. The ex- ample was not followed; so Panlathie went home minus his hat, coat and boots, but with his pockets richer bv six hundred pounds. The story may be true, although we have read of a very similar performance in which Panlathie's part was played by witty Sir Charles Sedley, for such freaks jumped with our grandsires' notions of humour. A writer in the Connoisseur be- trays his nativity in a curious way. Arguing against the folly of trusting one's friends with secrets, the essayist says : " Happy to have been thought worthy the confidence of one friend, they are impatient to manifest their importance to another • till between them and their friend, and their friend's friend, the whole matter is perfectly known to all our friends round the WreJcin." Only a proud Salopian could have thus dragged in the county toast The ancient city of Lichfield has its peculiar toast, " Weale and worship," always given immediately after the health of the sovereign has been drunk. " St Dnn- stau " i3 a standing toast at the dinners of the Gold- smiths' Company. Tattersall, the founder of that famous institution, " The Corner," had a special toast of his own, which he loved to bear given with all the honours by the Newmarket jockeyB at the end of every racing season; this was " Hammer and High- flyer," two B'a that had won him fame on the turf and fortune in the rostrum, Tattersall's alliteration re- minds us of two toasts called The Four H'b and The Eight H1 s, one running:— " Happy are we met, Happy havo we been, Happy may wo part, and Happy meet again;" and the other— Handsome Husband, Handsome House, Health and Happiness, Here and Hereafter. The Duke of Buckingham who bowled time away in Marylebone Gardens, used, at the end of the season, to give a dinner to the sharpers who made that once- popular resort their hunting- ground, and always gave the last toast of the evening himself; this was a very suggestive alteration of the old formula, " To our next merry meeting"—" May as many of us as remain un- hanged next spring meet here again 1" " Horses sound, dogs hearty, earths stopped, and foxes plenty," was a toast old fox- hunters always honoured with pint bumpers. The South Highland couplet— " Green hills and waters blue, Grey plaids and tarry woo' "— is still a favourite at agricultural gatherings, at which no better toast could be proposed than old Tusser'B quatrain :— " Good luck to the hoof and the horn ; Good luck to the flock and the fleece; Good lack to the growers of corn, With blessings of plenty and peace ! ° The mining^ toasts In Yorkshire is, " May all our labours be in vein." Punning toasts are rarer than would be supposed. Here are three old ones—" May our commanders have the eye of a Hawke and the heart of a Wolfe ;" " May we never have a Fox too cunning nor a Pitt too deep ;" " May our liberty never be swallowed in a Pitt." The statesman whose name is thus played upon is credited with the authorship of May the trade of ELidderminister be trodden under foot by all the whole world ;" but according to another story, Sheridan, when soliciting the votes of the shoe- trampled under foot by all the world . ^ quicker- witted company welcomed Judge Story's toast at the dinner in celebration of Everett's appointment as ambassador to the Court of St. James's : " Genius— sure to be welcome where Ever- ett goes 1 " a com- pliment responded to by the new- made envoy with ' Law, Equity, and Jurisprudence— no efforts can raise them above one Story. THE IRISH NIGHTINGALE. What is that shy, sprightly little bird which swings so curiously from yonder giant bulrush, its coal- black crest perkily raised, its throat throbbing in passionate song ? On he darts before us, springing from reed to reed, the white streaks on his inky tail flashing in light as he dives through the tufted sedge; a second lost to sight, up he starts again, again bursts forth in un- wearied song; haunting our path, he wiles us from the nest where all his joys are centred. What a restless little fellow it is ! Many a time have I- watched him both by night and day; always on the move, he floods out his sweet inward melody. Little matters it to him whether the sun i3 in the" zenith, or the pale chill moon alone casts a path of light across his sedgy home, he always sings— at least such is my experience of him,— and if by chance he should be silent, a stone thrown into the water will at once arouse him, and his note, answered by a hundred others, fills the night with music. He is our only night- singer, " the Irish Nightingale," as he is called by the fishermen along the Boyne. " Jenny Black- cap" is another popular name for him ; but what his real name is I am at a loss to find. Is he the veritable Blackcap ( Atricapilla of Ray) of whose song naturalists speak so highly ? White, in his " Natural History of Selborne," in speaking of this bird, says, " he is superior to any song- bird we have, the Nightingale excepted." The wild sweetness of his note always brings to my mind those lines in a song in " As You Like It : "— Another eminent naturalist of the present day de* scribes him as the sweetest and richest of song- birds, while in trilling he excels every songBter of the grove. Yet the Blackcap is never spoken of as being " a song- bird of night" which the Passer arundinaceus minor, or Lesser Reed- sparrow, is known to be. The Black- cap builds his nest in tufts of grass ; so does the bird I write of, though sometimes his nest is to be found slung from four or five reeds woven together. The Blackcap frequents orchards and gardens, feeding on insects and fruit; " the Irish bird" is to be found there too, though more generally seen by the banks of rivers and low ground. Book descriptions of the plumage of birds are so imperfect, that it is hard to jtyige any- thing from their source ; but the Blackcap is always given a black crest; while the Reed- sparrow, or Hedge- warbler, is never given one, as far as I can ascertain, except by Bewick, who calls it the Black- headed Bunt- ing. Now the Irish Nightingale has a decidedly black crest, which he can elevate and depress. Another re- markable faeture is the ring of white round the throat, which gives a marked appearance to this bird, so as to make him easily distinguishable; the two outer feathers of the tail are alBo white, and show in high relief when the tail is extended in flight; the general tone of the body- feathers is greyish- brown, with a dash of green about the wing. He is a small, graceful bird, and sways himself about while singing, his throat throbbing as if it would burst ; his note is a soft sweet, guttural trill, which he continues unceasingly all night long. He is much valued as a cage- bird; but it is very hard to get one, it being impossible to keep an old bird in confinement, as they pine away when the season of migration comes round, and it is very difficult to find the nest, as the parent birds will never go near it while any one is in sight A guinea can be obtained for a nest of healthy young ones, and boys are on the look- out for them all through the breeding season. The Irish Nightingale is, like the Blackcap, a migratory bird, leaving us about the middle of September, and returning again in April. — Hardwicke's Science- Gossip. HATS AND COCKADES. ( From Macmillan's Magazine.) Hats were originally made of some soft material, probably of cloth or leather, and in order to make them fit the head, a cord was fastened round them, so as to form a sort of contraction. This is illustrated on p. 524 of Fairholt's " Costume in England," in the figure of the head of an Anglo- Saxon woman wearing a hood bound on with a head- band; and on p. 530 are figures of several hats worn during the fourteenth century, which were bound to the head by rolls of cloth ; and all the early hats seem provided with some sort of band. We may trace the remnants of this cord or band in the present hat- band. A similar survival may be observed in the strings of the Scotch- cap and even in the mitre of the bishop. It is probable that the hat- band would long ago have disappeared had it not been made use of for the purpose of hiding the seam joining the crown to the brim. If this ex- planation of the retention of the hat- band is the true one, we hava here a part originally of use for ono pur- pose applied to a new ono, and so changing its func- tion ; a case which has an analogy to that of the de- velopment of the swimming- bladders of fishes, used to give them lightness in the water, into the lungs of mammals and birds, used as the furnace for supporting animal heat. The duties of the hat- band have been taken in modern hats by two running BtringB fastened to the lining, and these again have in their turn beocme obsolete, for they are now generally represented by a small piece of string, by means of which it is no longer possible to make the hat fit the head more clasely. The ancestors from which our present chimney- pot hat takes most of its characteristics is the broad- brimmed low- crowned hat. with an immense plume falling down on to the snoulder, which was worn during the reign of Charles II. At the end of the seventeenth, and during the eighteenth century, this hat was varied by the omission of the plume, and by giving the brim various " cocks." That these " cocks " were formerly merely temporary is shown by Hogarth's picture of Hudibras beating Sidrophel and his man Wliacum, where there is a nat the brim of which is buv+ oned tm rn front to the crown with three button a/' This -. Tould be a hat of the seventeenth century. After- wards, during the eighteenth century, the brim was bent up u twe or three places, and notwithstanding that these cocks became permanent, yet the hats still retained ll/ ie marks of their origin in tiia button and strap on the right side. The cockade, I imagine, took its name from » ts being a badge wom on one of the " cocks." The modern cocked- hat, apparently of such an ano- malous shape, proves, on examination, to be merely a tatoftheBlmpe above referred to; it appears further that the right side was bent up at an earlier date than the left, for the hat is not symmetrical, and the cock on the right side forms a straight crease in the ( quondam) brim, and that on the left is bent rather over the crown, thus making the right side of the hat rather straighter than the left The hat- band here re- mains in the shape of two gold tassels, which are just v^ ble withinitfie two points of the cocked- hat A bishop s hat shows the transition from the three- cocked hat to our present chimney- pot; and because sixty years ago beaver- fur was the fashionable material for hats we must now needs wear a silken imitation, which could deceive no one into thinking it fur, and winch is bad to resist the effects of weather. Even in a lady s bonnet the elements of brim, crown, and hat- band may be traced. The " busby " of our hussars affords a curious in- stance of survival It would now appear to be merely a fancy head- dress, but on inspection it proves not to be so. The hussar was originally a Hungarian soldier and he brought his hat with him to our country, t found the due to the meaning of the hat in a picture of Hungarian peasant. He wore a red night- cap, something like that worn by our brewers' men, or by a Sicilian peasant but the cap was edged with so broad a band of fur, that it made in fact a low " busby." And now in our hussars the fur has grown enormously, and the bag has dwindled into a flapping ornament, which may be detached at pleasure. Lastly, in the new " busby " of the Royal Engineers the bag has vanished, although the top of the cap ( which is made of cloth and not of fur) is still blue, as was the bag formerly; the top cannot, however, be seen, except from a bird's- eye point of view. It appears that all cockades and plumes are worn on the left sifle of the hat, and this may, I think, be explained by the fact that a large plume, such as that worn in the time o£ Charles II., or that of the modern Italian Bersaglieri, would impede the free use of the sword; and this same explanation would also serve to show how it was that the right side of the hat was the first to receive a " cock." A London servant would be little inclined to think that he wears his cockade on the left side to give his sword- arm full liberty. THE NORTHERN PITMAN AT HOME The following is an extract from one of the Interesting letters furnished by the Special Correspondent of the Daily News:— The Northumbrian pitman is a man by himself. The purity of his Viking blood is tainted by no admixture, and he retains to this day many of the attributes, good alike and evil, which characterised his Scandina- vian ancestors. He marries early, and is a continent man, while unchastity is rare in the females of his race. The husband is the " house god." He never does a turn of household work; it would be a disgrace to the wife if her " master" were to hew wood or draw water. He eani3 the bread, stalking off to his shift of work in his grimy flannels, with his Limp hanging at his belt, and returns when it is over to strip, wash, eat, unbend then from his grim taciturnity, and smoke the pipe of well- earned ease. His store of energy iB in- exhaustible ; whatever he sets his hand to do, he does with all his might If he is " religious," he is a glow- ing coal of Primitive Methodist fervour, he preaches at the street corner with as much vehemence as he wields the pick in the pit; he is a staunch- teetotaller ; to him the Apostle's reproach of lukewarmness never applies. When he drinks it is not in sip3, nor is he ever a soak- ing sot Ha goes at the beer in a spasm of drowth, throws all his energy into the consuma- tion_ of his spree, and then betakes himself to sobriety and hard work till the next outbreak. He carea for no sedentary amusement. The sport he enjoys must be of an active kind ; the more active it is the better he likes it The game of " bowling," of which the pitmen are so fond, is more arduous than a shift in the pit When he gambles he does not punt for coppers, but flings himself neck and crop into the arena of chance. A " school," as it is called, is formed. Men make a ring and play at pitch and toss, with scouts op the outlook for the police; and a copper " schcujl" ls a meaner institution than a " penny hell." Pounds are staked on every toss, and gold changes hands freely. I have seen a man who won £ 70 at pitch and toss in one afternoon, lost the whole next day in- betting on the bowling on Newcastle Town Modvarrtl went to work the day after guiltless of the ownership of a sixpence. The pitman is fond of wrestling, and occasionally can handle his fists, although his tighting, as a rule, is of the rough and tumble order. He ia generally more or less a dog fancier ; his choice being an animal that can make a respectable appearance at rabbit coursing; some breed greyhounds. In the old dayB he was not happy without a dog for company. The story is told of two pitmen meeting and falling into conversation on the favourite topic :— " Aye, Geordie, hast lost th' awd dog ? " " Aye." \ " Thee hast gotten another?" V " Aye, man; ye see a thoucht a lukit sae stark neakedlike withoot a bit o' a dog aboot me!" The pitman's energy finds vent by many chan- nel other than those alluded to. Many cultivate their minds with great success. Geology and botany are favourite subjects ; and some men throw themselves into mathematics with as much zest ( as others stake their money on the toss of a Coin. Among the thinking miners there are many secularists, and the school of whose tenete Mr. Brad- laugh is a leading exponent, has a considerable clientele in the pit villages. The Northumbrian pitmen swears by the Newcastle Chronicle, and in nine houses in ten you will find a copy of the weekly impression of that journal. The innate virtues springing mainly from purity of race are so potent in the Northumberland pitman that he has struggled, not unsuccessfully, against much of the degradation that as experience too snrelv shows all but invariably goes hand m hand with bail house ac- commodation. NEW AUSTRALIAN GOLD FIELDS. The South Australian Register of the 10th inst » ays :— The news from onr northen territory is generally favourable as to the existence of paying gold fields in the various parts of the territory. It is stated by the Ballarat Star that the credit of discovering the exis- tence of goldbearing quartz at Port Darwin belongs to Commander Pascoe, R. N., now police magistrate at Smythesdale. In 1864 he communicated his views on the subject to the South Australian Government when the expedition for settlement was about to proceed to the north, under Mr. Boyle Travers Finniss, late Go- vernment Resident An expedition to explore and pros pect at Port Darwin and the Roper Baver has been formed, the Bendigo Independant reports, in Sandhurst The number is limited to 50 members, each pay ing £ 25, and 26 well- known persons have signified their intention of iorning, so that only 26 more are wanted. The ex- pedition has reason to believe, from private and public information, that gold, tin, copper, and other minerals abound in the territory. The promoters intend buying a vessel and fitting her out with provisions, & c., to last for six months. In the event of gold or other minerals not being found in payable qaantities the expedition purpose loading the vessel with pearl shells, worth £ 120 per ton, and bfiche- de- mer, worth £ 40 per ton, and re- turning to Melbourne, where the vessel could be sold for the benefit of the unsuccessful party. The bark Condor, which left Hobson's Bay a few days ago for Palmerston, took about 150 persons. The majority of these are miners who go to tempt their fortunes as gold hunters in the Northern Territory. Others, however, are proceeding to Port Darwin for purely scientific pur- poses. One is going to collect on behalf of the Vic- torian Government, botanical specimens; others are going as entomologists on behalf of European collectors. We have been shown a letter, dated near Elsie Creek, Roper River, February 12, 1872, which was written by a working man who was then in one of the Government telegraph construction parties to his wife and children in Adelaide. The writer says :—' After we left South- port we travelled over 200 miles of the most beautiful country I have ever seen for gold. The country w all covered with splendid- looking quartz, and everywhere we camped I tried a dish of stuff and got a toe pros- pect I believe we passed over thousands of ounces, ( rat we dare not work it. We are now 300 miles Ixjvx Port Darwin, and about 50 miles from the Koper.