SEPTEMBER 23, 1843. No. XLIV. Price One Penny, Ami nma the lime in special is, by privilege, to write and speak what may help to the further discussing of matters in agitation. The Tempte of Janus, with his two eontrovcrsal faces, might now not unsignificanlly be set open: and though all the winds of doctrine were let loose to play upon the earth, so Truth be in the field, we do ' njuriously, by licensing and prohibiting, to misdoubt her strength. Let her and falsehood grapple. Who ever knew Truth put to the worse, in a free and open encounter. Her confuting is the best and surest suppressing.— MILTON'S AREOPAGITIC A. EMIGRATION TO THE FAR WEST. Copy of a Letter from Mr. John Noble, of Rochester, State of Wisconsin, United States; and addressed to Mr. William Bottomley, of Round Hill, Rastrick. Rochester, Oct. 10, 1842. Dear and respected Friend, I duly received your favour dated Aug. 3rd, by my son Joah, who landed here on the 5th instant, with his family, and was well. I am very sorry to hear of such distressing news from your country ; but you know it is what I predicted before I left England. I could not see that it could be otherwise , but I will now endeavour to fulfill my promise in answering your questions as well as I cau. Question I. Would you undertake to purchase land for any person, when the money is sent you ? To which I say I will; but at the same time it is putting a great trust in me. It is next to buying a wife for another man. I would certainly do my best; but should not like to be blamed. Question II. How could the money be sent, and what kind would do best ? The best way to convey your money, as far as I know, is to put it into the hands of some respectable foreign merchant, and he will direct his agent at New York to send it to me. Question III. How much money would stock a small farm ? You will want one pair of horses, and one yoke of oxen ; the latter I should prefer at the first. One pair of horses, say 100 or 120 dollars; one yoke of oxen, from 40 to 60 dollars. In buying cows and pigs, a dollar here will go as far as a pound with you. A waggon will cost 60 or 70 dollars ; harrows say 10 dollars ; and other necessaries 30 or 40 dollars. Question IV. How much money would build a com- fortable house,— say of what materials and size ? I gave one hundred ard fifteen dollars for my house, building, lathing, and plastering. It is a frame house ; and they found all; and it is 15 feet by 16. § within, and 1J stories high,— that is, the chamber over the house is about 3 feet from the floor to the square, purposely for beds. Question V. How much can a farmer's man earn per week, besides his victuals ? Are servants plenti- ful, and are wages paid in cash ? A farmer's man, if he hires by the year, will get about 10 dollars per month ; but, as this country is so scant of money, very few can afford to hire by the year. They generally hire men in the summer, when they have plenty of work for them ; then they will get a dollar per day and victuals. Sometimes they pay in cash ; sometimes in produce. Labourers have, this summer, been plentiful ; and I think that wages will fall. I would not advise any man to come here, but such as can find labour for themselves. Question VI. Are there any farms to let that have been brought into a state of cultivation ? If so at what price per acre ? There are always plenty of farms to let; some with a house, others without. I paid a dollar per acre, without a house, for 15 acres. Question VII. If the purchasers should be some years before they come to take possession, could you send the writings belonging to the laud or any other security ? I could buy land for any person, and send the writings to any part of the world. When the land is purchased, it must be paid for immediately, in gold or silver ; they then furnish a paper from the govern- ment office, which is the best security. Taxes com- mence as soon as the land is bought, amounting to about 1J per cent on the original cost. Question VIII. What kind of convenience have you for grinding corn ? We have a corn mill about a mile from us ; and the miller takes l- 8th of tbe corn for the grinding. There is a saw mill at the same place. Question IX. Is your spring water good and plen- tiful ? The water here is very good and plentiful; but you have to sink for it from 10 to 30 feet. Running waters are not plentiful in our locality ; nor yet good for culinary purposes. Question X. Have you experienced much hotter weather than in England ; and what is the length of your longest and shortest days ? I have now experienced a summer here ; and they say it has been the coldest ever known here. The frosts continued till June at nights ; but I thought it hot enough in the day time. The heat, in June, July, and August, ranged between 80 and 96 in the shade ; whilst with you in the same months it would range about 65 or 75 in the shade. At the shortest day, we have about 9 hours of sun, and at the longest 15 hours. The weather here is more clear and serene than in England, which makes it very pleasant. When it rains here, it is generally very heavy for one or two days; then clears up again for one, two, or three weeks. We have had a deal of thunder and lightning this summer,— more than I remember to have wit- nessed in England for the last 10 years. I have now answered your questions as far as I am able ; and should I have omitted any thing, or made any errors, you must excuse me. You wished to know the value of money here, as compared with your money. Wheu the exchanges are at par in England and America a Sovereign is worth 4 dollars and 42 cents. A Sovereign will any where pay for 4 dollars and 84 cents, and have not paid for less since I came ; 100 cents make a dollar. I have purchased 40 acres more since I wrote last, which makes in the whole 676 acres. The last 40 acres is hilly ground, well stored with lime, on which account I bought it. I have five milch cows, one pair of horses, one yoke of oxen, eleven pigs, and two waggons ; so we enn take our rides when and where we like. We shall remove to our new house in about a fortnight. It is twenty one feet by eighteen within ; two stories hign. We shall build a wing at each end, sixteen feet square, one story; and then I think we shall have plenty of room. I have broken up and sown nine acres of wheat; and I intend, if all be well, to break thirty acres more, next summer : and I assure you we are, and have been, very busy since we came. We have now lost that complaint which we left behind us, and which troubles you yet,— that is want of work. I am differently situated from what I was when with you ; and I am very thankful that I ever left England. I have not yet forgot the skits and slurs which was thrown at me before I came away ; but let them skit and groan whilst I laugh at them. I consider that I am now well paid for all the trouble and expense I have been at, and which has been no little. I have now given you a little of the bright side. I will give you a little on the dark side. There is a secret in emigrating just like wedding, no man knows till he tries; when crossing the Atlantic, you will find a deal of unpleasant things more than I can describe, particularly if you have a large family. I was not sick when I crossed, but I had ten to take care of, hich was work enough. It is difficult for you to take care of your property, particularly from New York to this place. There is seldom any one comes without losing something, moreor less; I did myself; so did my son Joah, and I think there is more danger in crossing the Lakes than the Atlantic. This climate has a different effect upon us than your climate in England. We are more subject to break- ings out in the skin, and bile3, or swellings. There is also the niusquitocs, which I like the worst of any thing ; they are very troublesome about 8 or 10 weeks in the summer. There is a good deal of marshy land here ; but a great part of it might be easily drained ; and it will one day be tke best of land. We have also had a great many inconveniences to contend with. So will any one settling in a new country. We had, for a short time after our arrival here, our water to fetch a mile ; and when you go out to seek your cows and horses in a morning, you will come back as wet as if you had been up to the knees or middle in water; the dews are so strong. We had also a long way to go for almost everything you want; these things are inconvenient, but they are improving. When I came here in 1841, and bought the land we are building upon, there was only two houses for some miles ; since then, nearly all that part has been purchased; and I think there are upwards of twenty families settling there, from the neighbourhood of Huddersfield ; and they all tell me it is the finest country they ever saw. They, like myself, was agreeably deceived; they live within a mile or two from where I am going to reside. And as to the Rattle Snakes, Wolves, and Indians, or any other description of annoyances, they are not worth naming. They will flee from you, if they can. I have not heard of a bite from the Rattle Snake since I came. I have seen many a one, and I have killed one. They are chiefly in swamps. And now, dear friend, I must conclude, having fulfil'ed my promise, by wishing you and yours health and prosperity in this world, and in the world to come life everlasting. I remain yours sincerely, JOHN NOBLE. N. B.— You are aware that there would be a little expense incurred in making a purchase of land. I should have to get a plot or plan of the ground, which would cost 50 cents ; and a journey to Milwalkie to get it entered, this would be three ( lavs to walk, or two to ride. The land would also have to be viewed ; so that altogether it might cost 5 or 10 dollars. VARIETIES. THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON'S BIRTH- PLACE.— A correspondent of the Chronicle gives the following anecdote of his visit to the Duke of Wellington's birth- place :— When about to leave Trim on this visit, I put a few questions to an old gentleman who stood by the doorway of the hotel, such as, " How far to Dungan Castle ?"—" Who lives there now .'" and so on. He told me that he was a tailor, still carried on business in Trim, and had made clothes for the young Wellesleys when boys. He made clothes for the Hon. Arthur Wellesley now Duke of Wellington, when a boy. He also did work for him when lie was the Hon. Captain Wellesley, and came to Trim on the recruiting service. He remembered, " as dis- tinctly as if it had been but yesterday," when the cor- poration of Trim elected this young officer to be one of their members in the Irish Parliament, when it was alleged that he had not attained his majority. On that occasion the nurse who attended at his birth was brought into tbe Court- house at Trim, and he remembered seeing her, " as plainly as if it had hap- pened but yesterday," put on the witness's table and sworn, and she proved that very day one- and- twenty years she saw tbe Honourable Arthur Wellesley born at Dungan Castle. I found this venerable tradesman very intelligent and instructive. His name is Sher- lock. He and his brother still conduct a respectable business in Trim. OVER- FEEDING.— In general, mankind, since the improvement of cookery, eat about twice as much as nature requires. Suppers are not bad, if we have not dined ; but restless nights naturally follow hearty suppers after full dinners. Indeed, as there is a difference in constitutions, some rest well after these meals— it costs them only a frightful dream and an apoplexy— after which they sleep till doomsday! Nothing is more common in the newspapers than instances of people who, after eating a hearty supper, are found dead a- bed in the morning.— Franklin. WESLEYANISM IN CORK.— In the year 1749 a grand jury in the city of Cork made the following pre- sentment :—" We find and present Charles Wesley ( tbe brother of John) to be a person of ill fame, a vagabond, and common disturber of his Majesty's peace, and we pray that he may be transported." There is a curious sign over a public- house door at a village called Rodney Stoke, between Axbridge and Wells, which is as follows:—" All good folks pray walk in; here is foreign brandy, rum, and gin, ale and beer and cider that's good. All sold here by Dick Atwood." " John, you have not shaken that bottle of port, have you?" " No, sir, but I will"-— shaking it at the same instant, with the utmost industry and zeal. The Butavia ( N. F.) Times states that the sheriff and his assistant performed the duty of hanging Benjamin D. While in a " manner that met the ap- probation of all present." GRAND PROJECT.— It is in contemplation to build an aqueduct over the Irish Channel, for the purpose of supplying England with hot water. " If you children quarrel so about that doll, I'll break it; there's no peace where you are !" " Oh, do, mamma," screamed the young hopefuls, " then we shall all have a little piece." A learned doctor has given his opinion that tight lacing is a public benefit, inasmuch as it kills off all the foolish girls, and leaves the wise ones to grow into women. IRISH ESTATES.— Many curious traditions are cur- rent in Ireland, respecting the manner in which Elizabethan and Cromwellian grants have been obtained from their soldiers by the native Irish; An estate in the South of Ireland, at present worth j£ l, 000 a year, was risked by a trooper to whose lot it fell, upon the turn- up of a card, and is now com- monly called " The Trump Acres." An adjoining estate, of nearly the same value, was sold by his com- rade to the winner for " five Jacobuses ( i' 5) and a white horse." On this sale is founded the dramatic piece in which Power played the hero,— The White Horse of the Peppers. A singulor story is also told of a considerable property having been purchased for a silver tobacco stopper and a broad sword. 2 THE CARTOONS. Two VISITS TO WESTMINSTER HALL. By Mrs. S. C. Mall. Our first visit to the cartoons was on the day of the private view, and, knowing how many opportunities we should have for inspecting them, we were more anxious to ascertain how the exhibition was received and appreciated, and what impression it madeupon the critics and connoisseurs, than to think and judge of the merits of the respective drawings. The sun was shining brightly, and Palace Yard was filled with equipages,— such as London may show against the woild. The old hall, as weentered, had an astonished look, as if surprised into something new and extra- ordinary— something quite different from what it had been accustomed to. Numbers of well dressed indi- viduals ( and there were none others), did not seem quite to understand what it was they came to see ; and looked up and then down the double avenue of cartoons, as if some mighty spirits from the old world of art had taken Westminster Hall by storm : people had seen the cartoons at Hampton Court, and perhaps had heard " German talk" of cartoons, and many had seen cartoons abroad; but no one seemed to anticipate that there were heads among us to con- ceive, and hands to execute, cartoons of the heroic size, fit, not only to be seen, but to command atten- tion and excite astonishment. As the visitors 011 that day belonged to a class in society too well bred to whisper, their observations were made aloud ; and certainly nine out of ten expressed the warmest satis- faction at the exhibition. There was a feeling of " See what Young England can do when it has a chance of triumph !" Bright eyes looked brighter, as they guessed who the artists were ; and some sad eyes, worn out by hard and heavy labour, said in their own language, " If I had had such a chance as this in my first days, I should not so often have looked down to the end of all things." Nobles, and artists, and critics, and literary men and women, promenaded the hall during the entire day, The Marquis and Marchioness of Westminster were there at an early hour, paying attention to each drawing, and again aud again revisiting those which they most admired. There was Mrs. Norton, beauti- ful beyond all painting, her large sleepy eyes brightened by the wit of Rogers, and the interest she took for a momeut either in the spectacle or the spectators. There was Mrs. Jameson, whose clear, careful, in- dustrious mind has enriched our literature, while making us better acquainted with art— keen at dis- covering perfections, and more merciful than usual to the many imperfections that glared about her. There was Mrs. Opie, the widow of a master in his art, who associated with Reynolds, and West, the fierv Barry, and the dreamy Blake,— we have met her in the library of Cuvier, and the simple but crowded salon of Lafayette— one, who of the past is still with the present, and who joys in the excellence she has heart and feeling to appreciate. There was the poet Milman ; and the one great actor, who has never Worn breast- plate brighter than his own honour — the drama's hope, almost the drama's victim, treading the hall, and generously proud to see that one art, at all events, has at last received fair play in England. There, remarkable amongst a thousand, was the pale acute face of Loul John Russell, whose noble brow seems to contain "" sufficient quantity of brain for six strong men. It was curious to glance from his to Mr. Hume's solid and accurate features, and then at the Duke of Sutherland's clear, calm, aristo- cratic outline, or Mr. VVyse's earnest and eloquent lace, speaking without the aid of words. The Presi- dent's Irish voice, Irish without brogue, caught our ear ; but in turning to look for him we saw Maclise, wandering from point to point, too lazy to take the trouble to condemn, but never too lazy to approve what is worthy; there was Leslie, down- looking, smiling at his own or others' fancies ; and Uwins, with his clear eye and accomplished mind ; Etty, whose heart is as great as his head ; and Wyon, whose native gentleness and powerful heart mould the hard metal into grace and softness. All the art- patrons, too, were congregated, and the art- strength of young England— men whose pictures had seldom been ap- preciated, because so seldom bung to be se en ; but whose powers now had been acknowledged by the best judges in the land: how proud they looked, tuose young ones, keeping down that pride, too, with an assumed modesty. Our next visit to the cartoons was made with design to inspect them, and, moreover, we were anxious to see how the people behaved on the " free days." We drove to the gate of the hall about four o'clock on Wednesday, the third day of the " free listthe gate was shut, the crowd within, the po- liceman said, " was so great that he would admit no more until it lessened ; there was no moving within." We took our place, resolved to take our turn, and certainly it was a " motley" throng; carriages of various degrees continued to set down " company," while " the people" increased rapidly; the birds, whose nests have been made from time immemorial in the cornices and frieze- work of the building, anxiously hovered above the beads of the restless crowd, screaming and twittering as if they feared some assault was meditated on themselves. At last the gates are opened : on we rush 1 Why will not people wait ? and yet the crush and the selfishness of a crowd were surely not developed as strikingly as on a benefit night at the opera: one rough unshorn artisan " begged pardon" of a lady whom he pushed against; and though all tried to get in, they did not wish to elbow or eject each other. It was really de lightful to witness the pause after the rush,— to see the interest evinced by " the people" in the ex- hibition. The hall was still so densely crowded, that we wondered we were admitted so soon ; there was no luud talking, no vulgarity; we did not hear a single expression to give pain. Children sometimes cried, and once when a little urchin made, a great noise, his mother lifted him up, and pointing to Haydon's " Satan," said, " there's the black gentleman, he'll come and take you." " No," answered the urchin, kicking more violently than ever, " he ain't black, he's gray- like." Another woman expressed her in- dignation, that Lady Jane Grey should have been permitted to see the headless body of her husband ; and addressing a companion said, " it was wicked to make a picture of it; it was too melancholy for a picture:" the woman was of the lowest class, her bonnet flattened by the pressure of many a load, and her hands ridged with labour, yet when she turned away, there were tears in her eyes. Scores of the humbler classes were peeping over the shoulders of those wealthy enough to possess a catalogue, anxious to read the subjects of the pictures ; and much did we regret that a sheet catalogue which could be sold for penny had not been prepared, so that the class evidently so desirous of information might have been ableto take a memento of the first free national exhibi- tion to their humble homes. For ourselves we antici- pate the best results from such a source of pleasure and instruction being opened to the lower class, from whom we have hitherto shut out every thing that could civilise and improve— and yet we complain of their want of refinement. It was only as far back as the year 1818, that Sir George Beaumont commenced an " agitation " in favour of a national gallery for paintings. This noble and delicately minded man urged on the late Lord Dover to propose the idea to the house of commons, coming forward with the inducement, " I will give my own pictures to the nation as soon as there is a proper place for their reception." Lord Liverpool favoured the proposal, but shook his head at the expense. Lord Farnborough, the Earl of Aberdeen, and the Regent, approved, and yet it was considered a dangerous experiment. Government has always been slow to encourage any power except " the political' and the warlike in England ; but the death of Mr. Angerstein, and a dread that some foreign power might take possession of the collection, quickened the tardy, and the Angerstein pictures became the nation's property. Twenty years have elapsed since this first great move ; the second has hung a specimen exhibition in the glorious old hall of Westminster, and given, n( t lords and commonsonly, but all classes and degrees, the power and the privilege of looking and learning. It is, in truth, a mighty move ; a re cognition of a duty done to a people to provide them with rational amusement— to elevate them, not only in the moral but the poetic scale— to lift them out of the mire of ignorance, of degraded tastes— and show them how they, as well as the higher born, may be proud, not only of our arm. es, our argosies, and our manufactures, but of our native art. The police, whom we questioned as to the uniform conduct of the people, spoke of it in the wannest terms. " They have given us no trouble," said one, " except in trying to keep them out when the hall is too full, and the only plan is to shut the gate ; they take a long time, and examine every drawing, and go away, almost invariably, much pleased." We observed, on our first entrance, two men, certainly the dirtiest in the multitude. We imagined they had escaped from a tan- yard. One was tall, and thin, with a very long neck, pallid face, and deep set eager eyes; his friend was little, and stupid. The tall man would fold his arms over the short one's shoulders, as you do round a child's neck, and taking every figure of the cartoon separately, examine and describe it according to his own ideas to his friend ; and, getting sight of some fluttering catalogue, stretch over his crane- like neck, and gain as much information as he could of the subject. We never saw anything like his eagerness to understand ; it made us quite forget his " outward man." It would occupy much space to trace the various ways in which works of art influence those who look upon them; exercising a power over the imagination and memory, which it is hardly possible to overrate ; educating the heart, and informing the mind, through the me- dium of the eye ; they set the most striking point of history, or an event, at once before the observer, who is naturally led to desire, and consequently to obtain, more knowledge than he has hitherto pos- sessed. A picture will make those think who never thought before, " Who was Lear ?" we heard a woman inquire of her husband, as she pointed to Mr. Pickersgill's line cartoon. " It's played at the theatre," was his reply ; " but the History of Eng- land tells all about that, and many other things here." It is not too much to suppose that this trifling cir- cumstance directed the young woman's attention to what, had she not seen the cartoons, she would never have thought of, and a new interest was awakened in her mind, a curiosity excited, which could be gratified at home, and keep her away from " penny hops," and public houses ; and let us remember that the humbler classes have few enjoyments— that it is not only the very low and the depraved who enter gin continued. We shall learn to depend more on our- selves now, in matters of art : and why should we not ? Have we not had those whose verv names arc immortalities ? From the heap let us select one— Flaxman. Why, every head in the universe of art bows to the sound: and there were living and breathing within those very walls the other day, men who have done great, and will do greater things, and to whom we may look with confidence to establish and render immortal as auy other— an English School of Art. MISCELLANIES. We are convinced, that thousands would spend their ene or two leisure hours in public exhibitions, in preference to public houses, if they had the privilege of doing so. The Scripture subjects, or, as they call them, " Scripture pieces," excited perhaps the most interest— all could understand the Adams and Eves, the Sampsons, and angels ; eager eyes were directed towards them, and we observed one rough- looking man removehis hat whilst hestood opposite Haydon's " Curse ;" the poor fellow was evidently compelled to do so by some innate feeling of veneration, which he was all the better for having had excited. Care must be taken to present the best models to a people whose taste is to be formed— for on this much of the future depends ; if they acquire a false or impure taste, the fault will certainly rest with those who permit them to imbibe such ; the work is well begun ; viewing, perhaps, as we ought to do, the National Gallery as its commencement, we ought to say, well A SOUND SENTIMENT.— At the risk of giving a shock to the prejudices of artificial society, I have ever been ready to pay homage to the aristocracy of nature, under a conviction that vigorous human heartedness is the constituent principle of true taste. Wordsworth. WINE FROM THE COMMON BRAMBLE.— Five mea- sures of the ripe fruit, with one of honey and six of water, boiled and strained, and left to ferment; then boiled again, and put in casks to ferment, are said to produce an excellent wine. Tbe colour of wine is often rendered darker by a mixture of blackberries with the grapes.— Loudon's Gardener's Magazine. A prudent woman is in the same class of honour as a wise roan.— Tatler. Time, with all its celerity, moves slowly to him whose sole employment is to watch its flight.— Johnson. VINTNER— The derivation of this name would seem to be from " wine- tunner," by which name the company of vintners in the city of London were in- corporated by Edward III. Their arms display three wine. tuns. Our hearts would be the best prayer books, if we were skilled in reading them. Why do men pray, and call for prayers, when they come to die, hut that they begin a little better to know themselves. And were they now but to hear the voice of God and con- science, they would not remain speechless. But they that are born deaf are always dumb.— Baxter. " Knowledge is power," as the man said when he knocked his neighbour down with a volume of the Penny Magazine. " 1 say, boy, are you a poet?" " Not, exactly, sir ; but I sometimes do the Rule of Three In verse. The consumption of spirits in Ireland in 1842 was less than one half the quantity of 1839. A new method of preserving iron- work from rust has been communicated by M. Paymen to the French institute. It consists in plunging the piece of metal to be preserved in a mixture of one part concentrated solution of impure soda ( soda of commerce) and three parts water. Pieces of iron left three months in this liquid, lost neither weight nor polish, whilst similar pieces immersed for five days in simple water were covered with rust. A braggart sportsman, boasting of the capabilities of a very indifferent horse, swore that the animal would have won a certain race only he rq. n against a waggon. " The only thing," said a bystander, " that he is fit to run against." PROOF POSITIVE.— A insults B.; B. challengeshim. A refuses to meet B, on the ground that he is 110 gentleman. B insists that he is, and, in proof, pro- duces the receipt for his newspaper, paid six mouths in advance !— New Orleans Picayune. Two farms, lying in the township of Swinton, in this county, which belong to Earl Fitzwilliam, every year change their parish ; for one year, from Easter- day, at twelve at noon, till next Easter day at the same hour, they lie in the parish of Mexborough ; and then, till Easter- day following, the same hour, they are in the parish of Watli- upon Dearne, and so alternately. EDUCATION IN ICELAND.— In the island of Iceland, there is no such thing to be found as a man or woman — not decidedly deficient in mental capacity— who cannot read and write well ; while the greater part of all classes of the inhabitants have mastered several of the higher branches of education, including a know- ledge of modern languages, and an acquaintance with classical literature.— Porter's Progress of the Nation. PUBLIC WORKS IN PARIS.— The National states that within the last 24 years, the following sums have been expended in the improvement and embellishment of Paris :— Expended on works relative to the dis- tribution of water, aqueducts, reservoirs, fountains, 30', 986,347f.; in flagging and paving 17,644, C61f.; purchases for enlarging the public avenues, 37,047,7081'.; the construction of commercial edifi- ces, as well as in objects of art and decoration, 62,984,919f.; in the purchase of ground necessary for those edifices, 17,802,729f.; total 166,465,764 f. MR. WESLEY'S IMPUTED GAINS.— Wednesday and Thursday, 1 settled my temporal business. It is now about eighteen years since I began writing and print- ing books ; and how much in that time have I gained by printing ? Why, on summing up my accounts, 1 found that on March 1, 1756, ( the day I left London last,) I have gained, by printing and preaching together, a debt of twelve hundred, and thirty- six pounds.— John Wesley. THE FRENCH CHARACTER.— When Constantinople was taken by the Crusaders, in 1204, tbe French danced in the sanctuary of St. Sophia, with women of the lowest class, while one of the prostitutes by whom their army was followed, sat in the patriarchal chair, and sang songs peculiar to her profession. THE REWARD OF LOGIC — A farmer's son, who had been some time at one of the universities, came home to visit his father and mother; and sitting down to supper, one night, to a couple of fowls, he told the old folks that, by the rules of logic and arithmetic, he could prove the two fowls to be three. " Well; let us hear," said the old man. " Why this," replied the scholar, " is one, and this is two; and one and two, you know, make three." " Since ye hae made it out sae weel," said the old man, " your mother shall hae the first fowl, I'll hae the second, and the third ye may keep to yoursell." 3 THE HALIFAX FREE PRESS. spirit of the journals. " YOUNG ENGLAND" AND THE " QUARTERLY REVIEW."— We observe that the nmnber of the Quarterly Review recently published contains one of those dull and elaborate articles, for which that peri odical has long been famous, in defence of tbe present administration against all its opponents. For the do- nothing policy pursued with reference to the repeal agitation,— for tbe new sliding scale, and tbe reformed tariff,— for tbe Scotch Church Bill, tbe Irish Presby- terian Marriage Bill, and many other small measures hardly worth mentioning,— the quarterly organ of Toryism is most lavish in its praise of the ministers, who are described as the wisest set of men that ever sat in Downing- street; whilst all manner of abuse is poured on the heads of those ill- natnred persons who seek to disparage the cabinet, or to detract from tbe glory of its deeds. As might be expected, much blame is attached to the Liberals in the house, for not re- cognising Sir Robert Peel's merits ; and t/ ie whole of the opposition manifested to the ministerial measures is attributed to nothing else than " the obstinacy of parliamentary faction." But it is against the inde- pendent and seceding portion of the Conservative party that the most severe censures of the Quarterly are directed. Talking of the course pursued by what it calls " the four or five young gentlemen who are known by the designation of ' Young England,' " tbe reviewer makes tbe following remarks : — " Their number is so small, their views so vague, and their influence so slight, that it may seem superfluous to allude to them; but our respect for the personal character of those amongst them of whom we have any knowledge— our favourable opinion of their talents, though rather, it must be confessed, of belles- lettres than a statesmanlike character— and a strong sympathy with many of their feel- ings— induce us to express our surprise and regret, that they should not see, even with their own peculiar views, the ex- treme inconsistency and impolicy of endeavouring to create distrust of the only statesman in whom the great conserva- tive body has any confidence, or can have any hope. We make all due allowance for ' young ambition," even when it neglects Shakspere's wise advice, of beginning with a little diffidence; but we can still find no sufficient justification for the conduct which these gentlemen have recently adopted, particularly for their support of Mr. Smith O'Brien's motion— the most offensive to Old England which had been made for many years. We beg leave, in all kindness, to warn them against being deceived as to the quality of the notice which their singularity has obtained : it has in it more of wonder than of respect, and will certainly confer on them no permanent consideration with any party or any constitu- ency. A few stray and unexpected shots fired in the rear of an army attract more notice than a cannonade in front; but it is an evanescent surprise, soon forgotten, or re- membered only to the disadvantage of those whose'indis- cretion created it." As for the remark that Sir Robert Peel is " the only statesman in whom the great conservative body has any confidence, or can have any hope," all we can say regarding it is, that, if it be true, " the great conservative body" must surely be in a most me- lancholy condition. If there is no man among them who inspires more confidence than the premier, it may almost be said that they are utterly without hope ; for, if we may judge from the daily organs of " tbe great Conservative body," they have no longer any confidence in the right lion. bart.; and, although the Quarterly may sneer at the " young gentlemen" who have openly rebelled against his authority, no one who glances over the editorial columns of tbe Times and Morning Post can fail to perceive, that tbe " few stray and unexpected shots " which have lately been fired by " Young England," so far from merely exciting " an evanescent surprise," ought rather to be viewed as forewarning the breaking up of that great party which Sir R. Peel was so long employed in building up, and of which he was so much in tbe habit of boasting, so long as it was only required to perform the part of an obstructive opposition. As for the aifected ridicule with which the reviewer speaks of the new section of the Conservative party called " Young England," we think such a tone rather imprudent, in the present critical condition of Conservatism. It is no doubt true that the seceders numbered but few on a division ; but then it must be considered that they have the Times as their ally,— a journal which generally carries along with it a much larger section of " the great Conservative body" than the Quarterly Review is ever likely to move, either for good or evil. As a specimen of the style in which the " ieading journal" speaks of the , Peel ministry and its 41 respectable ally," we quote the following passage from Monday's publication :— " The " Quarterly Review " has issued its quarterly article on the ' policy of ministers,'— its explanation and defence, cut and dried, whole and entire, of the present administra- tion. We congratulate government on the services of this firm, steady, and respectable ally. It is quite in keeping, quite proper, quite the thing, that the " Quarterly Review'* should stick up for the Peel administration. Let us see— what have we heard of the " Quarterly Review" lately? Why, unwelcome fact as it is, we have heard it whispered within the last year or so, that ' the " Quarterly " was getting stupid.' We simply quote a phrase which has almost become proverbial. The whispers about the " Quarterly Review " have been for several years, we believe, much to the same purpose. Few of the present generation can re- member the time when the Quarterly Review" was not observed to be ' getting stupid,' at the same time that it was always recognised as a ' very respectable Review.' It has now reached that climax of respectable stupidity which ad. mirably qualifies it for the thick- and- thin championship of the Feel administration. Respectable administration, re- spectable review— par nobile fratrum ! What though the former has merited the cognomen of ' dry,' the latter of ' heavy;' we believe that is their misfortune, not their fault. It Is, however, a very great misfortune for them in their respective departments. Misfortunes bring persons, bodies, parties together ; cement them tighter, unite them closer in the bonds of affection. ' Like loves like; one potter sticks by another potter,' says the Greek proverb. The " Quarterly Review " and Peel perfection go together. Has any undefined sense of their mutual disadvantages operated in preserving this union ? At any rate, let the alliance go on ; there is something so suitable in it. The procession of heavy respectable subjects which head the pages of the " Quarterly Review"— the Irish Fisheries, and the Scotch Fisheries, and the Greenland Whale Fisheries, and Travels in Iceland, and Travels in Lapland, and travels of a great many stupid persons in stupid places, and articles on Jamaica ginger, Turkey coffee, and Carolina riee, wind up most har- moniously in the ' political artiele' at the end— the defence of the Peel policy. " The present article commences with some general re- flections on the exceedingly and unjustly sanguine expecta- tions which the public mind is apt to indulge on the subject of ministerial exertion. A certain * pruriency for legisla- tion,' and an * unwholesome appetite to be doing some- thing,' are observed to be abroad, and are very severely animadverted on. The present ministry, adds the reviewer, are entirely free from this appetite. They certainly are. we admit. At the same time it is not surprising if people who see a government with a large majority, and full machinery and resources at their disposal, should indulge a slight wish of seeing ' sometning done.' Unwholesome appetite it may be ; still it is a natural one. It is rather severe upon an un. fortunate public, who do not like to see bill after bill taken into the house and dropped, to tell them that they have a mistaken ' pruriency for legislation,' and when nothing is done about Wales, Ireland, & c. and people remark it, to re- prove them for ' an unwholesome appetite to be doing some- thing.' The reviewer even bestows half a page of very grave and serious adviee to * Young England,' for its audacity on this point; at which we expect ' Young England' will laugh heartily." We rather incline to differ from the Times in its re- mark, that the Quarterly Review was always " getting stupid." We can remember a period when, much as we deprecated its political principles, we could not help admiring the ta'ent it displayed in their defence, as well as in its literary and scientific articles. But that was at a period when its principles were of a definite character, and not merely a dexterous manage- ment of sophisms to disguise! the total want of first principles, as seems to be the case at present. Now, it is pretty generally recognised as " the dullest periodical of the day;" and certainly the article in defence of ministers, to which we have been referring, may well justify the application of such a character.— Manchester Guardian. THE Faineant ADMINISTRATION.— The Times is the Dog in the Manger, which will neither enjoy a good thing itself, nor suffer another to enjoy it. Our surly contemporary attacks the poor Quarterly Review with ridicule and scorn, because it is thoroughly satisfied with what it is complimentarily pleased to term 44 the policy" of the present ad- ministration. For this the Times calls the ministerial organ stupid, and even goes so far as to liken it to the ministry itself, which we raust observe by the way, is a palpable injustice; for to be like the ministry which does nothing, the Quarterly should be published with blank paper. It is rather hard that the Times, which has done so much to establish the present ministry, should not allow any one to admire it. For our own parts, even for the novelty of the thing, we like so see the Quarterly Review come. out with its eulogium of the government, to break the monotony of what would otherwise be universal abuse. Out of twenty- six millions of people it is good to find some one pleased, and we are much disposed to think that the Quarterly Review's satisfaction with the ministry is more reasonable than the Times' grounds of discontent. The latter requires the government to do something. The Quarterly says, how wisely they do nothing !— how well they do nothing ! Here is their talent, or, as Bentham would have phrased it, their peculiar aptitude. Shining in doing nothing, they shine only so long as they do nothing. They are like those people who in conversation appear to the greatest advantage while they hold their tongues, and who are extolled for a great talent for silence. And why would the Times destroy this grace, such as it is ; is it not a good rule, quieta non movere ? And what makes the demand upon the ministry to do something more unreasonable on the part of our contemporary is, that he himself declares that they never attempt to do any thing without blundering and bungling most egregiously. Does not this fact show, then, to what they should confine themselves ? Does it not distinctly mark the province of their abilities. Ministers are like the amateur managers of Drury Lane- theatre some years ago. who, happening to shut up the house for a week, were so delighted at the cessation of the nightly loss as to wi* h that they could always go on so. But the necessity of per- formance spoilt all. As it was with that committee of mismanagement, so it is with this government,— the best thing they can do, the only thing they can do without mischief, without blundering, without dis- credit, and without disgrace, is NOTHING. It is the Faineant Administration. What Dogberry's ancient watch was in the business of a police, the present ministry is in the conduct of a government; and the maxim of the mirror of constables of the night, extended to greater affairs, will precisely tally with the rules observable in the Administration of Sir Robert Peel. The command to stand has been given to the Repeal agitation; but if Mr. O'Connell will not stand, the State Dogberry cannot help it; he has done his part as becomes a peaceable watch, and can do no more, and the knave may continue without interruption, for it is bad to meddle or make with such. Oxenstiern sent his son forth to see with how little wisdom the world was governed j but things are so improved now- a- days that it can be seen how the world can be governed, not with little wisdom, but without any wisdom at all. The existing government is the nearest thing possible to no government ; and if it should prove that the country, in difficulties of no small number and no small magnitude, can get on with such a zero of a government, it must be quite certain that it would do equally well without any Administration whatever, and that the whole apparatus of the Cabinet could be dispensed with. The govern- ment of the country is in a predicament like that of the Irish gentleman in Joe Millar, in the sedan chair warning both seat and bottom, who, shoved along shuffling with broken shins, came at last to the con- clusion that he had as lieve walk as be carried in such a chair. It is without seat or bottom that the affairs of the government are carried on in the sedan of this Administration, and with Mr. O'Connell for one norter, and Mr. Cobden for another, Rebecca lending a hand occasionally, and the Scotch seceders. The chairmen's poles are the levers of the different agitations, and they are put to the same uses of menacing the government with success, as the same instruments in Moli& re's comedy, where they extort from the impastor the payment of the debt he had at first insolently refused, with the gracious admission set forth at large in the whole policy of Sir Robert Peel, " People may have of me whatever they please when they set about getting it in that fashion," i. e. with the argument of a stout staif addressed straight to the head. But we are losing sight of the complaints of the Times., which is so unreasonable as to require a government which can do nothing, to do something, a point on which it differs from the more complaisant Quarterly. * * * The amazement and the scandal of the Quarterly Review at " Young England's" demands upon the government, can only be likened to Mr. Bumble's emotions when Olivei Twist asked a second time for soup. The difference between the two occasions for astonishment and indignation is simply this, that the little Oliver Twist in the political world asked for soup not for the second but for the first time, at the audacity of which solici- tation, Sir Robert Bumble was well nigh dumb- struck. The race of the Bumbles and the race of the Twists may be traced upwards from the poor- house to the Cabinet and the Legislature; and every where authority is astonished at the cravings of the unsatis- fied wants, which it regards with the Quarterly Review as an unwholesome appetite. What can people require more than Sir Robert Peel in power ? Let them be content with that, and ask no more. Sir Robert himself is satisfied, and declares that con- fidence in himself is all that is needed to set every thing right. The malcontents talk of the largeness of his majority, and make exactions in proportion to its supposed power; but the corpulence of the thing makes its disability, and it is as unfit tor action as Falstaff himself. It merits the. character which the Greek general gave to a large army wanting the controlling and directing mind—" a great beast lack- ing ahead." Men of democratic opinions will not quarrel with the thing, as they will see in it the ex periment to what degree the government may be dis- pensed with, and affairs committed to the currents of popular agitations. The old notion was, that either the causes of discontent were to be removed, or their consequences to be controlled ; that coercion or con- ciliation was the alternative; but Sir Robert Peel's experiment is to take the neuter middle between the two,— the easy, if not the golden, mean of doing nothing, and of bringing government to the perfection of approaching to the same result as the absence of all government whatever. We shall see how it will end, and learn what to do with, or what to do with- out.— Examiner. RAGS AS MANURE.— The value of rags has been proved by Mr. P. Howard, of Dowlish Wake, near Taunton, who dressed a forty- acre piece of land partly with rags and partly with lime, and put it to wheat ; the result of which is, that the part dressed with rags is far superior to the lime part, producing stalks six feet four inches high, with the ears proportionably long and large, the produce averaging 40 bushels per acre. Two other smaller pieces on the same farm, dressed with rags, after potatoes and vetches, are equally prosperous. The old labourers of the place declare they do not recollect seeing such pieces of wheat before. The seed sown was called the " Golden Drop " and " White Lammas." THE MIDDLE CLASSES.— How unspeakable is the advantage in point of common sense which middling people have over rich ! There is so much paint and affectation, so many unmeaning words and senseless customs, among people of rank, as fully to justify the remark made seventeen hundred years ago, " Sensus cummunis in ilia fortuna rarus "— John Wesley. FRENCH STATISTICS.— During the year 1841 there had been imported into France 22,434,000 francs worth of live cattle,, 91,889,000 francs worth of animal matter ( hides, wool, and tallow) ; total, 114.323,000 francs. The exports having amounted to only 15,000,000 francs, it appears that France has paid 99,000,000 francs for foreign agricultural pro- duce during the vear 1841. A BRUSH FOR THE BARBER.— A Highlander who sold brooms, went into a barber's sh > p in Glasgow, to get shaved. The barber bought one of his brooms, and, after having shaved him, asked the price of it. " Twopence," said the Highlander. " No, no," said the barber. " I'll give you a penny, ar « d if that does not satisfy you, take your, broom again." The High- lander took his broom and asked him what he had to pay for being shaved. " A penny," said Strap. " I'll gie ye a baubee," replied Duncan, " an if that dinna satisfy ye, put on my beard again." If you resolve to make wisdom and virtue the study and business of your life, you must be sure to arm yourself beforehand, against all the inconveniences and discouragements that are like to attend this resolution, i imagine that you shall meet with many scoffs and much derision ; and that people will upbraid you with turning philosopher all on the sudden ; and ask in scorn, what is the meaning of all this affected gravity, arid these disdainful looks? But be not you affected, or supercilious, only stick close to whatever you are in your judgment convinced is virtuous ; and consider this as your proper station, assigned you by God, which you must not quit upon any terms. And remember, that if you persevere in goodness, those very men, who derided you at first, will afterwards turn your admirers ; but if you give way to their reproaches, and are vanquished by them, you will then render yourself doubly, and most deservedly, ridiculous — Stanhope's Epictetus, 4 THE HALIFAX FREE PRESS. P O E T II Y . ORIGINAL. THE STREAM LET, I saw a gentle streamlet glide, Far down a narrow dell; Wild flowers stoop'd in modest pride, And kiss'd it as it fell; The sky was calm; and all around Seem'd to me like ballow'd ground. That little stream was seldom seen, When seen ' twas often scorned ; But where it ran, a brighter green The verdant sides adorn'd ; And still its silvery tones to me Were fullol sweetest melody. I gaz'd upon its pebbled bed, As still it rippled on, Till fancy saw it wider spread, And deepen in the sun, And tall ships o'er its bosom sweep; Until at length it join'd the deep. And as I gaz'd, it seem'd to me An emblem bright and fair, Of unobtrusive charity, Which sweetly murmur'd there; And blessings ever gently shed, On wretched misery's hapless head. Halifax, Sept. 13,1843. J. T— TO THE EVENING STAR. Hail! beauteous Star, whose heavenly light Sheds glory o'er the vaulted sky ! First in the train, and brightest far, Of all the orbs that roll on high. Oft do I gaze with ravish'd eye, As onward thou dost wend thy way; ' Till I forget this troubled world, And my glad spirit soars away: Then I do wish my soul were free'd From this frail tenement of clay: That I might find my home above ' Midst starry realms of endless day. Halifax, Sept. 14,1843. scraps AM pickings. T. J. SONG. IMITATED FROM GOETHE'S " WILKELM MEISTER." Knowest thou that land of beauty, The land of warmest love, Where the tree of golden fruitage With the laurel shares the grove 1 Thither, dearest; let us flee:— Scenes like these were made for thee. Knowest thou the glorious clime In ruin nobly grand, Where mouldering walls,— the wrccks of Time,- Still show a master- hand ? Dearer, fair one, thou shalt be, ' Mid Desolation s majesty. Knowest thou the land whose mountains Guard its bright fairy plains 1 Fear not their frownings dark and drear; Their strength our hope sustains— And thou, belov'd, shalt dearer be, ' Mid Nature's stern sublimity. Halifax, Sept. 12th, 1843. SELECTED. THE FALL OF TOE LEAF. ADDRESSED TO A LADY, WITH AN AIOLIAN HARP. In early youth, in riper age, Joy, Hope, or Love, the Muse engage; But brief the gay delusions last. In after- time, when cares and grief t ome with the falling of the leaf, She dwells, how fondly ! on the past. O Memory ! if to thee she clings, How small the store thy bounty brings To aid declining Fancy's power ! Alas ! the vital spark is flown, The colour and the scent are gone ;— What then remains ?— A faded flower. Sad were indeed our wintry years, When life's gay landscape disappears. Did not the heart its warmth retain; Affection's undiminished glow. Friendship, the balm of human woe, Save us the sorrow, to complain. Lulled in the lap of quiet, here I watch the changes of the year, From Spring, to Autumn's chilling breath : When all the blooming sweets are fled. The evergreen shall cheerful spread Fresh verdant boughs, to deck the earth. When Nature sinks in deathlike sleep, And birds a solemn silence keep. Then robin tunes his lonely lay; Aud, perched some lowly cottage near, He chaunts tile requiem of the year, On mossy ston? or leafless spray. Then shall the winds, with viewless wings. Sweep o'er the harp's harmonious strings. And call attention to the strain ; Swell tlie full chord, or dying fall, Then pause,— while busy thoughts recall Those who can ne'er return again! The humid drops, which then shall rise And dim the moist unconscious eyes, Will fall, and give the heart relief: Blow then, ye winds; again return, Ve airy minstrels ; softly mourn The falling of the withered leaf. O'CONNELL.— Daniel O'Connell was horn on tlie 6th of August, 1775, at Carhen, near Caherciveen, in the barony of Iverah, and county of Kerry:— the very year in which British oppression forced the American people to seek for security in arms, and commence that bloody struggle by which they established their national independence, flis father was Morgan O'Connell, of Carhen, Esq. who was married to Catherine, daughter of John O'Mullarte, of Whitechnrch, in the county of Cork, Esq. His father's mother was of the family of O'Donoghues ( tlhuv), or the black chiefs of their tribe. Mr. O'Connell was educated on the continent, partly, at Louvain, partly at St. Outers, and partly at Donay. On his return to Britain, he had to undergo the formality of studying his profession ( the law) in England ; for, to use his own words, " when he was prepared to enter Trinity College, Trinity College was not prepared t. o receive him." Having swallowed the regular number of legs of mutton at the Middle Temple, he was duly admitted to the Irish bar, in Easter term, 1796. Mr. O'Connell married, on the 3d of Jmte, 1802, his relative Marv, daughter of Edward O'Connell, M. D. of Traiee. He succeeded his father in 1809 ; and in 1825, by the death of his uncle, Maurice O'Connell, Esq. succeeded to the family estate of Derrinane. 1 he O'Connell family are proverbial for living to a very old age. General Count O'Connell, Knight of the Cross of the Order of the Holy Ghost, and colonel of the late 6th regiment of the Irish Brigade, in the Britisn service, was uncle to the Liberator ; he died on the 9th of July, 1833, at Meudon, near Blois, in France. He was the vonngest of twenty- two children by one marriage; of whom over one half lived to the age of ninety* two, at which age this venerable patriot died : he was born in August, 1734, at Derrinane, the residence of his father Daniel O'Connell, Esq — Limerick Reporter. ANCIENT DEED.— The following conveyance of land in the year 1189, is in the hands of a gentleman, at Sowerby Bridge, in as perfect a state as the day on which it was executed. It is in abbreviated Latin, and is about five inches long by 2J broad. The deed may be commended for its brevity as well as its anti- quity, It runs as follows :—" Know all tnen present and future, that I, Gilbert de Aubigne, have given, granted, and by this present deed have confirmed to William de Charnells for his homage and service, one oxgatig of land, with its appurtenances, in the vill of Corringbam, the same oxgang which Ralph held of —, with all its appurtenances, in vill and out of vill, to be held by him and his heirs of me and my heirs freely and quietly, wholly and hereditarily, in woodland and plain, in highways and footways, and in all places and liberties to the said oxgang belonging. He and his heirs paying thereout an- nually to me and my heirs one pound of cinnamon seed, at the feast of St. Michael, for all services to me and my heirs belonging, except foreign ser- vice :— And for this donation and confirmation, the aforesaid William de Charnells has given to me twenty shillings sterling. I have thereon taken his homage. These beinsr witnesses, Win. de Hulin, Gerard de Canvill, Sheriff of Lincoln, Adam de Parnell, Roger of St. Martin's, Ralph his Son, Adam de Rokeby, Robert de Offington, John de Stafford, Ralph the Duke. Temp. Richard 1189.' Mil. J. S. BUCKINGHAM.— This gentleman, in liii new work on Canada, states that the pecuniary re suit of his visit to the United States, during the lecturing tour which he made through that country, was a surplus of £ 3,000 above his expenses. He however, recorr's the melancholy fact of the loss of every farthing of his money by means of the fraudu lent bubble companies of the same country. He says, " I had considered myself, therefore, most fortunate in the pecuniary result of my visit to the United States, when the surplus sum of £ 3,000 sterling, earned by my literary labours alone, was safely invested, as we supposed, in the stocks and funds of the country, there to remain only till our embarkation for Mexico, or our return to England, when we purposed withdrawing them for remittance home. For the sake of lessening the risk of loss, we had, prudently as we then thought, divided the amount into three portions of £ 1,000 each, deter- mined to invest them in three different descriptions of stock, and in three different cities. Accordingly, £ 1,000 was invested in the bonds of the Morris Canal Company, in New York ; £ 1,000 in the Life and Trust Company, of Baltimore; and £ 1,000 in the United States Bank, of Philadelphia ; all then paying interest regularly in England, at the rate of six, seven, and eight per cent, and all in such renutation for stability as to be at a high premium in the market. On our reaching New York, we found that all three of these undertakings were bankrupt, and the stock of each not only paying no interest, but actually un- saleable, except at such a ruinous depression as in- duced the ready adoption of the advice of the best informed and most disinterested, to hold on a little longer in the hope of a revival. This hope, however, grew more and more faint, as time unfolded more and more of the recklessness and dishonesty by which these concerns had become insolvent; and thus the laboriously acquired earnings of three years, on which we had counted for a welcome little resource for the period when age and declining powers would make labour less agreeable, as well as less productive, were all swept away at the same moment." THE NEW HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT.— The " Palace at Westminster," as the new houses of parliament are officially called, is rapidly rising on the river- side. The magnitude of the massy pile, the richness of its architectural adornments, and their beauty of execu- tion, are conspicuous ; though the effect of the build, ing, as a whole, cannot be fully appreciated before the two great towers— the Victoria, or Record, and the Speaker's, or Clock Towct— are erected. The river front, may, however, be viewed hy itself, as soon as the facade is completed hy purling on the roof anil the pinnacles of the turrets ; but, until then, it is unfair and scarcely possible to form a judgment even of this portion of the design ; for the appearance of the elevation will depend very greatly on the " sky- outline." Both description and criticism at the pre- sent moment, therefore, would be premature. We may remark, however, that so far as the building has advanced, it differs materially from the original de- sign ; turrets have been substituted for buttresses - y niches with statues in them have been added ; the tracery and other enrichments are more superb; and the introduction of the armorial bearings of all the sovereigns of England, in high relief, is a felicitous afterthought, that adds greatly to the magnificence of the sculptured decorations. Besides these and other- alterations and additions, the roof, we understand, will form a prominent feature of the structure ; whereas in the published views it is not visible. These changes, so far as they have proceeded, arc decided improvements; and, in making them, Mr. Barry has given fresh proofs of his taste and judg- ment, by availing himself of the interval to revise his original sketch, and fill up the details of its outline, as a skilful painter modifies and elaborates bis design in executing the finished picture. We have noticed, in the progress of the building, that the most minute points of exterior decoration have been tested by ex- perimental models set up to show the effect of the intended improvements. RELIGIOUS WORSHIP.— A parliamentary return has been printed, entitled, " A return of the amount applied by parliament during each year since 1800, in aid of the religious worship of the Church of England of the Church of Scotland, of the Church of Rome, and of the protestant dissenters in England, Scotland, and Ireland, respectively, whether by way of augment- ation of the income of the ministers of each religious persuasion, or for the erection and endowment of churches and chapels, or for any other purposes con- nected with the religious instruction of each sucli section of the population of the United Kingdom, with a summary of the whole amount applied during the above period in aid of the religious worship of each of the above classes." The abstract of sums paid to the established church shows that the total was £ 5,207,546, which is divided in the following manner :— Church of England, £ 2 935,646 ; church of Scotland, £ 522,082 ; church of Ireland, £ 1,749,818. The total sum paid to the church of Rome is set forth at £ 365,607. Is. 2d. comprised in the following two items:— Augmentation of in- comes ( including Maynooth College), £ 362,893. 8s. Id.; erection and repairs of chapels, £ 2,113. 13s. Id. To Protestant Dissenters the total sum is £ 1,019,647. 13s. lid. in England and Ireland. The recapitulation shows the following three sums :— Es- tablished church, £ 5,207,546 ; church of Rome, £ 365,607 ; and protestant dissenters, £ 1,019,647. These sums were advanced from 1800 to 1842. PRINTING IN NEW ZEALAND.— We are favoured with a copy of the New Zealand Journal, which announces that" The Auckland Times is being ' print- ed in a mangle,' and a strange piece of typography it is accordingly. The ' sole editor and proprietor, Henry Falwasser,' while, in the meantime taking to himself the humble cognomen of the ' Old Lady of the Mangle,' expects daily his own press and materials; when, doubtless, the old lady will dispose of her mangle, and purchase something more useful for a printing office. The style of the mangle is quite sui generis. It may be observed, that the occasion of its being printed by such a machine is stated by the editor to have been the attempt of the local government to stifle public opinion, by refusing the proprietor the use of the only printing materials in the settlement, those of the government, as soon as it was perceived that the Times was determined to be very independent in its strictures on public doings and misdoings. The phrases suggested by the peculiar circumstance are very amusing :—' We stop the mangle to announce the arrival of the St. George.' ' The governor will repent having driven us to the mangle,' & c. & c.— We give one characteristic descrip- tion :—" Full many a time and oft have we laughed over the distresses of Mantilini and his mangle, as depictured by the inimitable Boz— we did not think this process would so soon fall to otir turn— never- theless any one of our subscribers, who is desirous of satisfying his curiosity, may call in at High- street and see the Times MANGLED." The typography embraces, sometimes within a single paragraph, almost every specimen in the printer's book. Brevier, Nonpariel, large Roman, and Italics, mingle together to give force and variety, not only to successive words and sentences, but even to successive syllables of the same word : and the want of the small k in particular, obliging the printer, in every place, to make use of the larger Roman K, adds strikingly to the appear- ance of the page, even although the compositor may- be said to be thus reduced to play for ever on the same KEY. To the Editor of the Free Press. Mr. Editor, I am persuaded you will not object to give publicity to any thing that will benefit society. I have entered different places of worship, on the Lord's Day, but in all I have been annoyed hy many females in the congregation, waving their pocket handkerchiefs backward and forward ( and generally white ones) I suppose in the place of a Fan to cool themselves. I am persuaded they have no idea that it can be any annoyance to any one, but it really is to many ; and I think it must be so to every minister who has not his sermon written before him. By attempting to put a stop to the practice, you will oblige many. I am, Sir, Yours, & c. J. S. Halifax, Sept. 13. HALIFAX:— Printed and Sold, at the General Printing Office of H. Martin, Upper George Yard